Which period in history does the Kaiyuan Dynasty refer to?
The Kaiyuan Dynasty refers to the period in history when the Tang Dynasty was governed by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. The Kaiyuan prosperous age refers to the prosperous age that emerged in the Tang Dynasty under the rule of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. During the Kaiyuan period, the Tang Dynasty entered its heyday, and China's feudal society reached its peak. Because the reign name at that time was "Kaiyuan", it was called the "Kaiyuan Prosperity" in history. Which emperor of the Tang Dynasty had the reign name Kaiyuan and Heyday?
Tang Xuanzong Li Longji's reign was Kaiyuan and Tianbao. He was the son of Ruizhong Li Dan, the nephew of Zhongzong Li Xian, and the grandson of Wu Zetian and Li Zhi. Which dynasty was the Kaiyuan Heyday? What are the influences of the Kaiyuan Golden Age
The "Kaiyuan Golden Age" occurred during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong Li Longji of the Tang Dynasty. It occurred from 7136 to 741, so the "Kaiyuan Golden Age" occurred in the Tang Dynasty. First of all, it was because of the political stability during the Xuanzong period of Tang Dynasty. Before Tang Xuanzong ascended the throne, the political situation of the Tang Dynasty was turbulent under Wu Zetian's rule, but after Tang Xuanzong ascended the throne, the political situation of the Tang Dynasty was stabilized. In addition, after ascending to the throne, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty carried out rectifications in the administration of officials. He streamlined the organization, limited the number of officials, and improved the quality of the entire official staff. This not only reduced the financial expenditure on government, but also reduced the number of people handling affairs. Efficiency has improved. In addition, he valued wise ministers and accepted advice with an open mind, which made politics clear and stable, thus laying the foundation for economic development. Secondly, in terms of social stability, he adopted a conciliatory ethnic policy, established friendly relations with Tubo, had friendly exchanges with the Western Regions, and achieved harmonious ethnic relations. Harmonious ethnic relations are conducive to social stability and social and economic development. Then in terms of economy, during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, he cracked down on wealthy noble families, built large-scale water conservancy projects, and developed farming to develop agriculture. Farming technology has been developed, production tools have been improved, handicraft technology has been superb, the imperial court's finances have become abundant, granaries across the country have been enriched, prices are low, and the business development of the Tang Dynasty is prosperous. Domestic transportation has become more complete and foreign trade has continued to increase. It was under such circumstances that the Tang Dynasty entered its heyday during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, and history called this scene the "Kaiyuan Heyday". Assignment: Which period in history is the Kaiyuan prosperity?
The Kaiyuan prosperity refers to the prosperity of the Tang Dynasty under the rule of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. After Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty ascended the throne, the way of governing the country was based on the Taoist thought of purity and inaction and promoted culture and education. Appointed talented people such as Yao Chong and Song Jing, reformed official positions, rectified the administration of officials, and worked hard to govern. Which emperor of the Tang Dynasty ruled during the Kaiyuan Dynasty?
The prosperous age of Kaiyuan is the rule of Kaiyuan.
The Kaiyuan rule was a prosperous period in the early period of the reign of Emperor Xuanzong (Li Longji) of the Tang Dynasty. During the Kaiyuan period of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (713-741), the political situation was stable, the economy was prosperous, the culture was prosperous, and the country was strong. During the 44 years of Emperor Xuanzong's reign in the Tang Dynasty, Xuanzong's way of governing the country was based on the Taoist thought of tranquility and inaction and promoted culture and education. In the early period (Kaiyuan period), the politics were clear and clear, efforts were made to govern, talents were appointed, and the economy developed rapidly, which led to great rule in the world. The Tang Dynasty entered its heyday and became the most powerful country in the world at that time. It is known in history as the "Kaiyuan Prosperity", before and after *** 29 Year. (The rule of Kaiyuan is the foundation of the Kaiyuan Prosperity) Which dynasty and emperor does the "Kaiyuan Prosperity" refer to?
What is the "Kaiyuan Heyday" by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and Li Longji? How did the "Kaiyuan Heyday" implement what reforms?
The Kaiyuan rule, also known as the Kaiyuan Heyday, was the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (Li Longji). ) flourished in the early days of his reign. During the 44 years of Emperor Xuanzong's reign in the Tang Dynasty, Xuanzong's way of governing the country was based on the Taoist thought of tranquility and inaction and promoted culture and education. In the early period (Kaiyuan period), the politics were clear and clear, efforts were made to govern, the talents were appointed, and the economy developed rapidly, which brought great rule to the world. The Tang Dynasty entered its heyday and became the most powerful country in the world at that time. It is known in history as the "Kaiyuan Prosperous Era", before and after *** 29 Year. During the Kaiyuan period of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (713~741), the political situation was stable, the economy was prosperous, the culture was prosperous, and the country was strong. At the beginning of Kaiyuan, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty also ordered people to burn a batch of pearls and jade brocades in the palace, indicating that luxury items would no longer be used. At the same time, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was an emperor who worked hard to govern and was very thoughtful about making a difference. He was able to appoint talented people and carry out some reforms. For example, the prime ministers Yao Chong, Song Jing, Zhang Jiuling and others were appointed, all of whom were famous loyal ministers, and China's feudal society presented an unprecedented prosperity. These reform measures changed the political situation during the Kaiyuan period, which is known as the "Kaiyuan rule" in history. The prosperity of the Kaiyuan period was naturally the result of more than a hundred years of social development in the Tang Dynasty. It was not a miracle that Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty could create in a short time. Not open. In order to enhance national strength and increase fiscal revenue, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty first focused on economic reforms. First, to attack the wealthy noble families and compete for land and labor; second, to reform and implement the feudal system to increase the government's financial revenue and reduce the people's burden; third, Xuanzong attacked the Buddhist forces and eliminated monks and nuns; fourth, to develop agriculture. In terms of diplomacy, Xuanzong implemented the ethnic policy of reconciliation, which improved ethnic relations and further unified the country. At the same time, the harmonious ethnic relations during the Kaiyuan period also played a great role in promoting social stability and economic development.
Due to the series of positive political and economic measures taken by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and the hard work of the people, the Tang Dynasty reached an extremely high level in all aspects. Its national power was unprecedentedly strong and social prosperity promoted a substantial increase in population. During the Tianbao period, the Tang Dynasty reached a very high level. North Korea's population reaches 80 million. Business in the Tang Dynasty was also very developed. Domestic transportation was accessible in all directions, cities were more prosperous, and foreign trade continued to grow. Businessmen from Persia and Dashi came in droves. Businessmen from major cities such as Chang'an, Luoyang, and Guangzhou gathered together. Businessmen of all skin colors and languages ??wore clothing. Different costumes come and go, making it very lively. China's feudal society reached its peak stage. What were the famous names and figures during the "Kaiyuan Heyday" of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty?
Are: Yao Chong, Song Jing, Zhang Jiuling.
Yao Chong:
Yao Chong initially entered the officialdom as a doctor and moved to the Ministry of War. In the first year of Long Live Tongtian (696), the Khitan invaded Hebei and captured several states. The military affairs were complicated and the letters were like snow. Yao Chong's analysis of Ruoliu was very organized, and he was appreciated by Wu Zetian, who promoted him to Minister of War, Tongping Zhangshi, moved to Shangshu of the Ministry of War, and became prime minister.
In the first year of Shenlong (705), he assisted Zhang Jianzhi to launch the Shenlong Revolution, eliminated Zhang Yi's brothers and their party members, forced Wu Zetian to remain in Tang Zhongzong, and was granted the title of Marquis of Liang County. Sympathizing with Wu Zetian's experience, he served as governor of Bozhou. After joining Zhongshu Ling, he eradicated bad government and made great achievements. Unwilling to rely on Princess Taiping, he was demoted to the governor of Shenzhou.
After Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty came to power, he paid homage to the Minister of War and Tongping Zhangshi, moved to the central government to write orders, and was granted the title of Duke of Liang. Proposed "Ten Things to Say" and advocated the implementation of the New Deal and the promotion of social reforms. Promote advantages and eliminate disadvantages, rectify the administration of officials, eliminate redundant positions, select officials to recruit talents; suppress the powerful and develop production, which laid the political and economic foundation for the emergence of the "Kaiyuan Prosperity".
Song Jing:
Song Jing (663-737), whose courtesy name was Guangping, was born in Nanhe, Xingzhou (now Songtai, Yanli Township, Nanhe County, Xingtai City, Hebei Province). A famous prime minister in the Tang Dynasty, he was the seventh generation grandson of Song Dynasty, the official secretary of the Northern Wei Dynasty.
Erudite and talented, good at literature. Those who passed the Jinshi examination were awarded the title of Shangdang County Lieutenant, Qianzhong Shusheren, Yushi Zhongcheng, Minister of the Ministry of Personnel, and official to the Minister of the Ministry of Personnel and the Minister of the Ministry of Punishment. In the seventeenth year of Kaiyuan (729), he worshiped Shangshu Youcheng, Shangzhuguo, and Kaifu Yitong, and became the Duke of Guangping County. In the twenty-fifth year of Kaiyuan (737), he died in Luoyang at the age of seventy-five. He was posthumously awarded Taiwei and his posthumous title Wenzhen.
Zhang Jiuling:
Zhang Jiuling (678-740), courtesy name Zishou, was a naturalist and posthumous scholar. Han nationality, a native of Qujiang, Shaozhou (now Shaoguan City, Guangdong Province) in the Tang Dynasty, known as "Zhang Qujiang" or "Wen Gong" in the world. He was a famous prime minister and poet during the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty. After Zhang Liang, the Marquis of the Western Han Dynasty, was the fourteenth grandson of Zhang Hua, Duke of Zhuangwu County in the Western Jin Dynasty. He learned that he was a scholar at the age of seven. He was a Jinshi in the early years of Emperor Zhongzong Jinglong of the Tang Dynasty, and he began to train Shulang.
Xuanzong ascended the throne and moved to the right to repair the palace. During the Kaiyuan period of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, he served as the minister of official Zhongshu, Pingzhangshi under Tongzhongshu's family, and Lingzhongshu. In mourning for his mother's death, he paid homage to Tong Pingzhangshi. He was a famous virtuous prime minister in the Tang Dynasty; he was elegant in manner and extraordinary in demeanor. Since the death of Zhang Jiuling, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty always asked the people recommended to the prime minister, "Are they as elegant as Jiuling?" Therefore, Zhang Jiuling has always been respected and admired by future generations.
Extended information:
Main achievements:
Yao Chong:
Letters to express affairs
Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty ascended the throne At the beginning, it was planned to appoint Yao Chong as prime minister. Yao Chong put forward ten opinions in response to current problems and asked Xuanzong if he agreed. If he agreed, he could take office. Otherwise, he would have to disobey the emperor's order.
Rectify the administration of officials
After Tang Xuanzong succeeded to the throne, he often criticized the heroes who assisted him in launching the coup, which also had a lot to do with Yao Chong.
Controlling locust plagues
In the fourth year of Kaiyuan (716), a large-scale locust plague occurred in Shandong. Yao Chong advocated killing locusts and burning their corpses. Local officials and people did not dare to hunt and kill locusts. Instead, they offered sacrifices to heaven to pray for blessings and eliminate disasters. Even Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty worried that killing locusts would violate the destiny of heaven.
Yao Chong exhorted Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty by citing examples of locust plagues in the Wei Dynasty that did not dare to be extinguished, leading to the loss of vegetation, famine and even cannibalism. Taking the initiative to provide disaster relief, but sacrificing human lives to protect locusts and putting the country in danger is truly defying destiny.
Lu Huaishen, the supervisor of Huangmen, believed that natural disasters could not be controlled by manpower. Yao Chong refuted loudly: "It is a good deed to kill locusts to save the people. If disaster comes from heaven, I, Yao Chong, will bear it all alone, and I will never shirk the blame." Give it to others." Yao Chong's strong determination to fight for the people finally moved Tang Xuanzong, and Xuanzong ordered the locusts to be exterminated. In the end, the people were saved from disaster and the world was at peace.
Song Jing:
Li Longji put down the rebellion of Princess Taiping and ascended the throne as Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty. Song Jing was promoted to the governor of Guangzhou. Song Jing was still focused on improving people's livelihood and was not discouraged by external transfers. He taught the people to build houses of bricks and tiles instead of simple thatched huts and straw huts to reduce the possibility of fires. In 716 Kaiyuan, he was transferred back to the capital and served as Shangshu of the Ministry of Punishment. Later, Yao Chong retired due to business reasons. He was recommended by Yao Chong and became prime minister again.
At this time, Song Jing once again put forward the principle of "Although the qualifications are high in the college entrance examination, those who are not talented will not be admitted." In order to prevent treacherous villains from slandering the emperor privately, he proposed the rule that admonishers and historians must be present when all officials are doing something.
Xuanzong also valued Song Jing very highly and treated him as a teacher; he was welcomed when he entered and sent away when he went out. Therefore, the constructive suggestions put forward by Song Jing were usually adopted.
Because of this, the imperial court at that time changed the bad habit of employing nepotism and reduced the number of sycophants who framed good people, making the political situation in the early Kaiyuan period very clear. Song Jing served as Prime Minister for four years. He was not afraid of the powerful, tried his best to correct the past shortcomings, obeyed the law, and did not show favoritism.
According to legend, after his uncle Song Yuanchao became the "selected man" (candidate candidate), he asked the staff to give him priority. After Song Jing learned about it, he not only refused to give priority to hiring, but also told the staff that "no private employment is allowed." Harming the public." According to historical records, the Tang Dynasty stipulated that every year, local officials sent people to report to the emperor and prime ministers on a regular basis.
When envoys come to Beijing, they often bring many precious treasures, send gifts everywhere, and pay homage to powerful officials. Many officials accept gifts and bribes, and many envoys are promoted as a result. Song Jing was extremely dissatisfied with this, and asked Xuanzong for his consent, ordering all gifts to be returned, so as to eliminate the chance of seeking gifts and eliminate the trend of accepting gifts and bribes.
Later, because he suppressed the complaints of criminal officials and strictly prohibited the circulation of black money, he offended many powerful people. Therefore, he was demoted to the third division of Kaifu Yitong and was dismissed from the prime minister again.
Zhang Jiuling:
Since the early Tang Dynasty, the main force for literary change has come from a group of literati with low social status. But it is undeniable that their success has a certain relationship with the support of some powerful people with vision. For example, Xue Yuanchao, an important minister of Emperor Gaozong, once recommended Yang Jiong as a bachelor of Chongwen Hall.
Yang praised Xue's role in their literary career with the words "Xue Linggong dynasty You Wenzong, thanks to the Mo agreement, promoted a change" ("Preface to the Collection of Wang Bo"), which made the four heroes able to It created a lot of momentum for a while. After the Sijie and Chen Zi'ang, in the reigns of Shenlong and Jinglong of Zhongzong, the style of response became more and more popular, and the poetry world tended to return to its old ways.
In the early Kaiyuan period, Zhang Shuo and Zhang Jiuling, who were both ministers and writers, played an important role in reversing this trend. Although their poems often express efforts to serve the monarch due to their status, they also contain the enthusiasm to actively seek for their own life value. Therefore, they can break away from the mere pretentious court literature and have touching vitality. .
The example they set and the recognition of many outstanding poets enabled the transformation and development of Tang poetry to be effectively continued and promoted.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Yao Chong