Appreciation of the whole poem "Nine Songs of Songs" by Zhu Xi
There are fairies on Wuyi Mountain, and the cold current below the mountain is clear.
If you want to know the strange and unique places, just listen to two or three songs.
There is a fishing boat on the edge of a stream, and the shadow of the pavilion peak dips into the Qingchuan River.
There is no news from Hongqiao, and thousands of valleys and rocks are covered with green smoke.
The graceful female peaks of Erqu, arranging flowers and facing the water, are for whom.
Taoists don’t dream of balconies, but instead dream of how green the mountains in front of them are.
Mr. Sanqu saw that he was riding a harried boat. He didn’t know how many years it had been at rest.
The mulberry field and the sea water are so wet, and the bubble lamp dares to feel sorry for itself.
There are four curves, two rocks on the east and west, and the rock flowers are hanging down to reveal the blue sky.
When the golden rooster crows, no one can see it. The moon is full, the mountains and rivers are full of lakes.
Wuqu Mountain is high, the clouds are deep, and the forest is dark with mist and rain for a long time.
There are guests in the forest but no one recognizes them, this is the sound that resonates in the heart forever.
Six curved green screens surround Biwan, and Mao Ci covers Chaiguan all day long.
When guests come to lean on the rocks and the flowers fall, the apes and birds are not surprised and the spring mood is leisurely.
The seven-song boat moved onto the blue beach, and the hidden screen of the fairy palms looked back.
But it was pity that the rain on the peak last night made the spring a little cold.
The wind and smoke in the Eight Curves are about to spread, and the water under the Drum Tower Rock lingers.
Don’t say that there is no beautiful scenery here, so tourists don’t come here.
Jiuqu will be poor and the eyes will suddenly be opened, and the mulberry rain and dew will see the plains.
The fisherman is looking for the Taoyuan Road, and there is no other world except this world.
Appreciation of Works
Another title: In the middle of spring in Jiachen, Chunxi, I was living in a jingshe leisurely, and I composed ten Wuyi songs, and presented them to my friends who were traveling together, and smiled at each other.
Jiuqu River originates from the southwest of Huanggang Mountain, the main peak of the Wuyi Mountains. Its upper reaches flow through the Wuyi Mountain Nature Reserve, which has deep mountains and dense forests and abundant rainfall. Its lower reaches pass through Xingcun and enter the Wuyi Mountain Scenic Area. It goes through nine twists and turns and merges into Chongyang River in front of Wuyi Palace, with a total length of about 60 kilometers. The section from Xingcun to Wuyi Palace is the famous Jiuqu River, which is only 10 kilometers long. Most of the scenic spots in Wuyi Mountain Scenic Area are located on both sides of Jiuqu River.
Among the poems about Wuyi written by literati and poets in the past dynasties, Zhu Xi's "Nine Songs of Songs" was the first to comprehensively describe the style of Wuyi. "棹" is also called "棹", which means boat oar. The song "湣" is the song sung by the fishermen in Zhouzi. Zhu Xi's "Nine Songs of Songs" written in the form of folk music is a panoramic scan of the Jiuqu River in Wuyi Mountain, which is also a long masterpiece depicting the Jiuqu River.
"Nine Songs of Songs" depicts scenes and emotions, eliminating the shortcomings of "love to reason and make arguments" in Song poetry. Qian Zhongshu, a contemporary scholar, commented: "If a Taoist's poetry collection does not have a large proportion of 'lecture notes' and is willing to allow some 'gossip', he can be regarded as a great poet among Taoists, such as Zhu Xi. "(Qian Zhongshu's "Selected Notes on Song Poems", page 107) Zhu Xi's "Nine Songs and Songs" does allow a considerable amount of "idle words", that is to say, it uses a lot of lyrical poetic language. Therefore, it is still popular and spreads at home and abroad.
Zhu Xi's "Nine Songs of Songs" begins with a short quotation explaining the reasons for composing the song. "There are immortals on Wuyi Mountain, and the cold current below the mountain is clear. If you want to know the strange and unique places, listen to two or three songs." This is actually a preface to lead to the singing of Wuyi's unique places.
The second song "There are fishing boats on the edge of the stream, and the shadow of the pavilion peaks dips into the Qingchuan River. There is no news at the end of the Hongqiao, and thousands of valleys and rocks are locked in green smoke." There is a peak standing in the north of the stream. , that is the first peak seen after entering Jiuqu - Dawang Peak, also called Tianzhu Peak. There is Manting Peak on the left side of Dawang Peak. The word "Manting" is engraved on the cliff. Manting Peak is the place where King Wuyi entertained the villagers in the mythology, which is also the location of "Manting Banquet".
Legend has it that on the day of the banquet, the Hongqiao was erected, and a group of immortals arrived, surrounded by auspicious clouds, melodious immortal music, singing and dancing, and drinking glasses. While the villagers bowed their heads and worshiped, they also drank happily. After the banquet, the villagers returned, a sudden storm came, the Hongqiao flew to pieces, and the miracle disappeared. This myth and legend is full of strange and mysterious colors. According to folklore, gods have stopped visiting this place since the Hongqiao was destroyed. Li Shangyin of the Tang Dynasty sang about this: "I can only have a glass of Liuxia wine, and when will the flutes and drums in the air return? There are bamboos growing in the Wuyi cave, and my great-grandson will not come even after I am old." Zhu Xi chanted "There is no news about the Hongqiao bridge, thousands of valleys and thousands of rocks are locked Green smoke" is exactly what it means. There are many scenic spots in Yiqu. On the Shuiguang Stone beside the curve, there are a group of cliff stone carvings for appreciation. In addition to the "self-cultivation principle" of the Neo-Confucian scholar Li Cai, the masterpiece of stone carvings also contains an inscription written by Qi Jiguang, a famous anti-Japanese general in the Ming Dynasty, when he passed by Wuyi: "A man is a barbarian in Nanjing Island, and he is a powerful enemy of Peiping. Huang Guanbu robe, and then Looking forward to visiting here."
The third song "Erqu's graceful female peak, arranging flowers and facing the water, who can accommodate it? Taoists don't dream of balconies, but how many green mountains are there in front of them." Standing at the mouth of Erqu Xixi is a steep, tall, bright and bright The stunning Jade Girl Peak. Jade Girl Peak rises abruptly into the sky, with clusters of flowers and trees on the top. The entire peak looks like a girl with a hairpin in her hair. The seams on the rock wall resemble the wrinkles of a dress, fluttering in the air. At the bottom of the peak, there is a beautiful "Bathing Fragrance Pool" with blue waves. According to legend, It is the place where the jade girl takes a bath. There is a huge square stone in the pool with the word "Seal Stone" engraved on it. There is a rock on the left side of the peak called the dressing mirror platform, with the word "mirror platform" engraved on it more than two feet high. According to folklore, the jade girl fell in love with Dawang (the symbol of Dawang Peak) across the stream across the stream. Zhu Xi's song of Erqu was about this. Jade Girl Peak and the surrounding mountains and rivers form a fairyland-like picture. Li Gang of the Song Dynasty wrote a poem praising: "The wind dances in the fragrant forest, and the temples hang down, and the morning clouds and dusk rain wet the fairy clothes.
I don’t know what happened that day, but I never returned from Fossil Mountain. Yu Bai Yuchan, a Taoist contemporary with Li Gang, also wrote poems praising the jade girl: "I arranged flowers near the water and saw a strange peak, with jade bones and ice flesh, a virgin face." The mist reflects the clouds, the clothes bring spring rain, and the clouds and mist on the temples are combed by the wind at dawn. "As Taoist teachers, they generally avoid talking about the love between men and women, so their poems are also relatively implicit. Zhu Xi, who advocates "the principles of nature and the destruction of human desires", are even more worried about people's concerns about the goddess of Wushan. The romantic association, so he chanted in a mocking tone: "Taoist people don't dream of balconies, but how many green mountains are there in front of them." "
The fourth song "Sanqujun looks at a gully boat, and I don't know how many years it has been stationary? The sea water in the mulberry field is like this now, and the bubble lamp dares to feel sorry for itself. "This is a ravine boat that chants three songs about Xiaozang Peak. Xiaozang Peak is also known as Xianchuan Rock. In the crevices of the steep rock walls, there are ancient wooden relics in the shape of a boat. Legend has it that they were the remains of the immortal when he attained enlightenment. The wooden boat left behind, with the remains hidden in it, is called the "Immortal Boat" written by Chen Menggeng in the Song Dynasty: "Why is this boat sailing on the rock limit? It will not come in August." It's not like flying immortals are useless, there is a way to Penglai by riding the wind. "The first person to make reasonable speculations about the Hongqiao planks and gully boats was Zhu Xi. He believed that they were relics of "the barbarians who lived in the past when the roads were blocked and the Sichuan chokepoint was unresolved." After research, it was verified that these Hongqiao planks and gully boats were The boat is indeed a hanging coffin burial relic of ancient southern ethnic minorities.
The fifth poem "Four curves of east and west rocks, with flowers hanging down from the rocks. After the golden rooster crows, no one can see it, and the moon is full in the sky, and the mountains and rivers are full of ponds. "Two Shiyan" refers to Dazang Peak and Xiandiaotai in the Four Songs. Zhu Xi's poetic meaning here is: the petals of mountain flowers are still carrying morning dew, and are pure green, like feathers scattered around. This is because mountain flowers carry dew. It shows the dawn in the mountains.
There is a Golden Rooster Cave on the wall of Siqu Dazang Peak. It is said that the Wuyi Golden Rooster is the most famous one in the world, but no one has ever seen the Golden Rooster, only the empty mountain and the Crouching Dragon Pond under the moon. The "water-filled pond" in the Four Songs of Poetry is the Wolong Lake under Dazang Peak. The water is unfathomable, and it is also a scenic spot in the Four Songs. There are few stars, and the moonlight in the west creates a tranquil scene of empty mountains. On the rock wall of Wolongtan, there are four words "Feicui Liuxia"
The sixth poem "Wuqu Mountain is high and the clouds are deep and long." The forest is dark with mist and rain. There are guests in the forest, no one recognizes them, but the sound is in my heart forever. "This is Zhu Xi's self-portrait and expression of his feelings by writing the beautiful scenery of Wuqu. Wuqu is the center of Jiuqu. Yinping Peak stands in the north of the stream, with tall and straight peaks. Zhu Xi built Wuyi Jingshe here and gathered his disciples to give lectures. Zhu Xi's The "mountain high" in the song of the Five Songs refers to the Yinping Peak behind the Jingshe. Because the mountains are high and the clouds are deep, the Pinglin Ferry is blocked by the mist and rain. .
The seventh song "Six songs of green screen surround Biwan, and Maoci covers Chaiguan all day long. Visitors come to lean on the rocks and the flowers are falling, and the apes and birds are not surprised by the leisurely spring atmosphere. "The process of the Six Songs is the shortest. There is a tall and straight giant peak in the north of the stream. The peak wall has been deeply sunken due to long-term erosion by running water, and looks like finger marks, so it is called Xianzhang Peak, also called Shaibu Rock. There are four big characters engraved on the wall: "The wall stands ten thousand feet high." Today, there is a tea experiment site under Shaibu Rock. It faces a stream and has a mountain behind it. It is a quiet environment, just like what Zhu Xi said. p>The eighth song "Seven songs move the boat onto the blue beach, and the hidden screen of the fairy palm is looked back again." But it was pity that the rain on the peak last night made the spring a little cold. "There is a Tatong beach in Qiqu, which is the beach of "moving boats to the beach". Behind it are the two peaks of Yinping and Xianzhang, so it is said to be "looking back". "Feiquan" refers to the mountain spring flying down in the sky. To the north of Qiqu is Sanyang Peak, also known as Sandie Peak, with an altitude of more than 700 meters. The three overlapping peaks face east and are majestic. There is a Bixiao Cave on the half wall of Xiaoyang Peak, with the inscription "The highest peak in Wuyi". Five big characters.
The ninth song "The wind and smoke are about to spread, and the water under the Drum Tower Rock is flowing." Don't say that there is no beautiful scenery here, so tourists don't come here. "Baqu Beach is high and the water is fast. There are ox horns from "Niujiaotan" and stone frogs from "Frog Stone" emerging from the water. Under the Drum Tower Rock, there is a stone like a lion with teeth and claws, which is called "Shangshui Lion". There is a The oval rock resembles a turtle, which is called "Xia Shui Turtle". The two large and small rocks facing each other in Xinan and Guzi Peak are called Dalin Stone and Xiaolin Stone. Li Gang, a famous minister of the Southern Song Dynasty, praised the big and small Lin Stone in a poem: "Immortal." Why do you need to store food at home? The rocks are clustered together beside the water. You should ride a jade dragon to plow the purple stone, and the Qiongzhi is hidden within a thousand acres. "
No. 10 "Nine tunes will make your eyes suddenly clear, and the rain and dew of mulberry leaves will see the plains." The fisherman is looking for the road to Taoyuan, but there is no other world except this world. "Pingchuan is a place name, which refers to the area around Xingcun at the end of Jiuqu. This area is covered with flat plains, covered with mulberry and hemp fields, and has fertile fields and beautiful ponds. The houses are in perfect condition, and the sound of chickens and dogs can be heard. It is a peachland scene, just like what Zhu Xichu sang in his song. : If you want to find the road to Taoyuan instead of this, you have to find a world other than the human world.
The sequence of Zhu Xi's "Nine Songs of Songs" is to count by boat on the water, and by bamboo raft. However, the danger is greater, so now the tour of Jiuqu starts from Pingchuan crossing in Xingcun, and goes down the river from Jiuqu to Yiqu.
In addition, Feng He and Zhu Xi's "Jiuqu". The poets who wrote "Pu Ge" and "Pu Ge He Yun" include Fang Yue, Liu Xin, Wang Fuli, Dong Tiangong and other poets. The poets who wrote "Ten Poems" include Bai Yuchan, Yu Xibin, Qiu Yunxiao and others; The author of "Nine Songs of Nine Songs" is Bai Yuchan, and the author of "Nine Songs of Wuyi" is Gu Menggui.
The aftertaste of Jiuqu Songs spread rapidly overseas with the spread of Zhu Xi's studies. The North Korean Li Dynasty philosopher Yi Hwang, who was known as the "Haidong Zhuzi", is haunted by this god. This Zhuzi, who lived in the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, was an overseas authority. In his later years, he lived in seclusion by the Tuixi River in Taoshan, and was known as Li Tuixi in the world.
He admired Zhu Xi and was fascinated by Wuyi Jiuqu. Although he could not visit the holy land in person due to the long distance, he treasured "Wuyi Zhi" and "Nine Songs Pictures" and admired them all day long. In October 1990, the author had the honor to attend an international academic symposium commemorating the 860th anniversary of Zhu Xi’s birth with Korean scholars. I learned anecdotes about Li Tuixi’s visit to Wuyi Jiuqu. After returning from the conference, the Korean scholar gave him a set of "Tuixi" as a gift. "Xue Series", which contains Li Huang's "Postscript to "Wuyi Jiuqu Tu" from Li Zhongjiu's Family Collection". The article praised this long scroll depicting the nine Wuyi tunes, "The eyes are full of smoke and clouds, the exquisite music is exhausted, and the ears seem to be singing songs!" He also sighed because he was not a contemporary of Zhu Xi and read it under his disciples: "Ah! I am! At the same time as my friend, I bought a boat under the Manting Pavilion Peak, stopped at Shimenwu, and was admitted to Renzhi Hall. After giving lectures all day long, I retired to sing songs with other disciples in Guanshanzhai." "Shimen. Wuwu, Renzhitang, Guanshanzhai, etc. are all the important places of Wuyi Jingshe. Li Tuixi's admiration for Zhu Xi and love for Wuyi are clearly reflected in the words of the article, which is amazing!
While Li Tuixi envied and yearned for Wuyi, he also wrote a poem in the long scroll of nine tunes, "writing and singing on top of each tune". He responded to Zhu Xi's Nine Songs, which are timeless in charm, rich in poetic flavor, and full of imagination and joy. Among them, the Japanese poem singing the ninth song is unique. The poem goes: "Jiuqu Mountain is open to the eyes, and the people are inhabited by villages and rivers. I advise you to travel to the extreme, the wonderful place will only take a day to see you." Comparing Zhu Xi's original poem: "Jiuqu will be so poor that the eyes will suddenly be clear, and the mulberry trees will be numb." When the rain and dew see the plains, the fisherman is looking for the Taoyuan Road, and there is no other world than the human world. "It is quite similar. It is truly a masterpiece that has been passed down from generation to generation, and I have close friends overseas.