"Three Gorges" uses simple and vivid pen and ink to write the magnificent, steep and beautiful scenery of the Three Gorges. The author describes the scenery by grasping its characteristics.
Write mountains, highlighting the characteristics of continuity and covering the sky. Writing water depicts different scenes in different seasons. In summer, rivers flood all over the mountains and rivers, and ships are blocked. "In spring and summer, the green pool is surging and the reflection is clear. Duoqibai, hanging springs and waterfalls, flies in it. " Snow-white rapids, green pools, rolling waves and beautiful reflections make the author admire "endless fun". In autumn, however, "the forest is cold and cold, and there are often high apes whistling", and the sorrow cries constantly, and in the empty valley, "the sorrow turns for a long time." The strange sight of the Three Gorges is vividly depicted. The author used a lot of stippling to write the scenery, just 150 words, and got the whole picture of the Three Gorges in 700 miles. Write the scenery of spring and summer, with "plain", "green", "clear" and "shadow" characters; Write the autumn scenery, and vividly show the charm of the scenery with "cold", "sad" and "sad" characters. The article describes mountains first, then water, with natural layout and clear thinking. Write about the four seasons of moisture. In the rhythm of the article, it is also a combination of static and dynamic, swaying. Towering peaks, surging rivers, clear waters, flying waterfalls, sad ape songs and sad fishing songs constitute a natural and harmonious picture with different styles, which left a deep impression on readers. The poem quoted at the end of the article shows the sadness of the fisherman's wandering and sets off the desolation of autumn. It embodies the humanistic care of the works.
2. The Three Gorges in classical Chinese refers to which Three Gorges is the general name of Qutang Gorge, Wuxia Gorge and Xiling Gorge.
The Three Gorges starts from Baidicheng, fengjie county, Sichuan Province in the west and ends at Nanjinguan, Yichang City, Hubei Province in the east, spanning five counties and cities of Fengjie, Wushan, Badong, Zigui and Yichang, with a total length of about 200 kilometers.
Main attractions:
Shi Baozhai: Shi Baozhai, Zhongxian County is located on a towering butte, with four walls like cliffs. 12 stories high, and you can enjoy the scenery of the Yangtze River at the top.
Zhangfei Temple: Located at the foot of Feng Fei Mountain near the south bank of the Yangtze River in Yunyang County, Sichuan Province, there are buildings such as Jieyi Building, Wang Yunxuan, Zhufeng Pavilion and Deyue Pavilion. You can see the four characters "breeze on the river" from a distance.
Eight Array Map: Located by the river outside fengjie county, it is the place where Zhuge Liang interprets the art of war with "heaven, earth, wind, clouds, dragons, tigers, birds and snakes".
Bai Di: Located on the purple Bai Di River, it was originally named * * * City. When Liu Bei entrusted orphans, Li Bai's Farewell to Bai Di Colorful Clouds refers to this.
Qutangxia: Qutangxia is famous for its "male", with a total length of 8 kilometers, which is the shortest one in the Three Gorges. There are five Chinese characters "Kuimen is the best in the world" on the rocks of Xiakou, and there are white walls, Mengliang ladders, upside-down monks and rhinoceroses looking at the moon along the river.
Wuxia: Wuxia, which is famous for its "show", starts from Daning Estuary (Little Three Gorges) in the west and ends at Guandukou in Hubei in the east, with a total length of about 40 kilometers. The green hills on both sides of the strait are continuous and the peaks are picturesque. On both sides of the canyon, there are twelve peaks in Wushan, with goddess peak being the most beautiful, which means "goddess peak wants peace".
Xiling Gorge: Known for its strangeness, it starts from Xiangxi in Zigui County in the west and ends at Nanjinguan in Yichang City in the east, with a length of about 76 kilometers. There are sword gorge, ox liver horse lung gorge and so on in the canyon.
Xiangxi: There are two famous people in history: one is Qu Yuan, a doctor in San Lv, and the other is Wang Zhaojun, a beautiful woman who died for her country.
3. Notes on the Three Gorges in Classical Chinese: from, which means "being" here. The Three Gorges refers to Qutang Gorge, Wuxia Gorge and Xiling Gorge between Chongqing and Hubei provinces in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. The total length of the Three Gorges is actually only over 400 miles. Nothing: nothing. Que: There is a gap. Zhàng: A barrier-like mountain peak. Noon. Night: midnight. Sunrise (xρ): sunlight. Here refers to the sun and summer water, Xiangling: water rises above Gaoling in summer. Xiang, a big earthen mountain, here means hills. Down the river. Go upstream. Or: sometimes. Wang Ming: imperial edict. Announcement: announcement, dissemination. In fengjie county, Chongqing, Jiangling: jiangling county, Hubei Province today. Ben: Mercedes-Benz's fast horse. Yu Feng: Drive away the wind. So this place is "like". Plain rapids: white rapids. Green pool: Green pool. Hui Qing: The waves are dancing. Juelong (y m 4 n): A very high mountain peak. When the grass blooms and the sun clears up, the sky clears up. First frost Dan: A frosty morning. Genus (zhǔ): verb. Quote: extension. Sadness: desolation and strangeness. Sadness becomes eternity. Sadness is gentle and takes a long time to disappear. Badong: the name of Han county, in Yunyang and Fengjie areas of Chongqing today. J: Wet. Son: Cong. Que. Along: along (the meaning of "along" is the same as that of "along" now): upstream: cut off or: sometimes heading: morning running: riding (horse), riding (car), here is "riding the wind": thinking illness: fast element: white turbulence. Swing back: the rotation is clear. The mountains are covered and the sun disappears. Since midnight, there has been no sunrise or moon. As for Xiashuiling, it is along the back block. Or the king ordered an emergency announcement. Sometimes he went on a pilgrimage to Bai Di and went to Jiangling at dusk. In the meantime, although I took the wind, I was not sick. In spring and winter, he returned to the clear reflection in the surging green pool. This is really weird. In the 700-mile river flow of the Three Gorges, the mountains on both sides of the river are endless without any interruption; Many cliffs, layers of cliffs, cover the sky. If it weren't for noon and midnight, the sun and the moon would be invisible. In summer, the river overflows the hills, and the downward and upward routes are blocked and impassable. Sometimes when the emperor has an order, he must convey it quickly. He started from Baidicheng in the morning and arrived in Jiangling in the evening, but the two places are more than 1200 miles apart! Even if you ride a fast horse and ride the wind, you are not as fast as this. In spring and winter, white rapids, dark green pools and swaying waves reflect the shadows of various scenery. There are many cypress trees with strange postures on the mountain, and there are hanging springs and waterfalls. Clear water, glorious trees, high mountains and lush grass. It's really interesting. Every morning in Chuqing or first frost. The sound is endless, desolate and strange, and the echo of the ape's cry comes from the empty valley, which is sad and tactfully, and has not been seen for a long time. Therefore, the fishing song of the Three Gorges in Badong sang: "The Wuxia Gorge in the Three Gorges is long, and the apes are full of tears! " .
4. Classical Chinese translation of Three Gorges
Seen from the 700-mile-long Three Gorges, the mountains on both sides of the Three Gorges are endless. The mountains overlap, blocking the sun and the sky. If it weren't for noon, the sun and the moon would never be seen.
In summer, when the flood overflows the hills, the upward and downward directions are blocked. Sometimes the imperial edict needs urgent communication, so, although it is as many as 1200 Li from Bai Di to Jiangling, it will arrive in the morning and evening. Even if you ride a galloping horse, the driver's gale is not so fast.
In spring and winter, white rapids and dark green beaches swirl with the clear waves, reflecting the scenery on both sides. There are many strange cypress trees growing on the high peaks. There are waterfalls flowing down the cliffs, flying flowers splashing among the peaks, the water is clear and the trees are glorious, and the mountains and grasses are lush. It is really interesting.
In autumn, in the frosty morning in Chu Qing, the woods are bleak, Shan Ye is silent, the long sound of apes is endless, and the sad voice echoes in the valley for a long time, so the fisherman said, "The Wuxia Gorge of the Three Gorges in Badong is the longest. Hearing this, the ape's clothes were wet with tears.
Common words
Lack of copper
author
The writer of this article is Li Daoyuan, an outstanding geographer and essayist in the Northern Wei Dynasty. His Notes on Water Mirror is the most comprehensive and systematic comprehensive geographical work in ancient China, with gorgeous words and beautiful language.
Ancient and modern synonyms
1, or an emergency announcement by the king (or archaic: sometimes)
(or modern meaning: related words often used to choose complex sentences)
2. As for the water Xiangling (as for the ancient meaning: a verb "to" and a preposition "to")
As for the present meaning: often linked together, it means to mention another thing.
1, the sentence written on the hillside is: I haven't seen the rising moon since midnight.
2. On the edge of the article, the sentence of Xiahe running is: Or your life is in a hurry, sometimes you send Baidi to Jiangling at dusk, and you can ride Wan Li Road in the meantime. Although you ride against the wind, you don't get sick.
3. The sentence describing the panorama of the Three Gorges is: There are mountains on both sides of the strait, and there is nothing missing. Rocks piled up like mountains, blocking the sun and the sky.
The sentence that the two sides of the strait are connected with mountains is: the two sides of the strait are connected with mountains, and nothing is lacking.
The sentence about the height of the mountain is: the mountains overlap and the sky covers the sun.
6. Li Bai's poem, which is associated with the rapid flow of the Three Gorges, is "Building Baidi City early".
7. The author wrote about the characteristics of eight kinds of scenery in spring, summer, autumn and winter, which gave the author a clear, brilliant, magnificent and interesting feeling.
8. The sentence describing the overall characteristics of the Three Gorges scenery is: Every morning, first frost is cold and miserable in the Woods.
9. The characteristics of the Three Gorges River in summer are: Xiangling in summer and blocking along the back. Although you walk against the wind, you are not ill.
10, visually, write the sentence that the two sides are connected with mountains: 700 miles from the Three Gorges, the two sides are connected with mountains, and nothing is lacking. Rocks piled up, blocking the sunshine in the sky, and there was no sunrise since midnight.
1 1. The sentence describing the summer scenery of the Three Gorges is: As for the fragrant mausoleum in summer, it is blocked along the back. Or the king ordered an emergency notice, sometimes going to Baidicheng and going to Jiangling at dusk. During this period, although he took the wind, he didn't get sick.
12. the sentence describing the scenery of the three Gorges in spring and summer is: in spring and summer, the green pool is surging and the reflection is clear. There are many strange cypresses, hanging springs and waterfalls, flying in the meantime, magnificent and interesting.
13. The sentence describing the Three Gorges autumn scenery is: Every sunny day with the first frost, the forest is cold and miserable, and there are often high apes howling, which leads to sad cries, and the empty valley echoes and the sorrow turns for a long time. So the fisherman sang: "The Wuxia Gorge in the Three Gorges of Badong is long, and the apes cry three times, and tears are spilled on their skirts."
14. When describing the scenery of the Three Gorges in spring and summer, the article not only describes the static scenery of "the green pool is stormy and the reflection is clear", but also describes the dynamic scenery of "hanging springs and waterfalls, soaring in the meantime". Dynamic and static combine to complement each other.
Twelve. Translation of key sentences
1, although riding against the wind, don't get sick.
5. The people who wrote the Three Gorges in classical Chinese should be Li Daoyuan (about 470-527), a native of Zhuoxian County, Fanyang County (now Zhuozhou City, Hebei Province) in the Northern Wei Dynasty, son of the general in Pingdong, Qingzhou Secretariat in Yongning, and Hou Haofan, famous geographers and writers in China.
Li Daoyuan's former residence is in Dongdaoyuan Village, Zhuozhou City, Hebei Province. There is also a Li Daoyuan Road in the south of Zhuozhou.
Among Li Daoyuan's five brothers, Daoyuan is the leader. He inherited the post of Yongning Hou from his father. Xiaochang was killed in Guanzhong (now Linzhang County, Shaanxi Province) in the third year of Northern Wei Dynasty (527). Li Daoyuan was born in a bureaucratic family, and his father Li Fan was young and promising. During the Taizu period, he worked in the East Palace and later became an outstanding strategist with outstanding talents. He was a general in Pingtung and a secretariat in Qingzhou.
Li Daoyuan also served as a central official in Pingcheng (the capital of the early Northern Wei Dynasty, now Datong City, Shanxi Province) and Luoyang (the capital of the Northern Wei Dynasty moved south here in 493 AD), and served as a local official for many times, and has long served in Jizhou Town (now Jixian County, Hebei Province) and Luyang County (now Henan Province).
In 439 AD, after the Northern Wei Emperor Mao unified the North, the national strength of the Northern Wei Dynasty became stronger and stronger after many emperors, such as Xianwen and Wencheng, vigorously governed the country, and the active reform of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Li Daoyuan also followed Emperor Xiaowen and others to realize the great cause of reunification.
However, after the death of Emperor Xiaowen, 500 years of domestic contradictions in the Northern Wei Dynasty began to rise again and gradually declined. By 527, six towns rebelled and the four sides were in turmoil. In the eventful autumn of the country, Li Daoyuan was generously martyred.
Lonely geese are singing in the sky, and birds are singing in Qinshan. The meteor flashed and a generation of heroes fell. Li Daoyuan was "cautious in law enforcement" and "known for his fierceness" during his official career, so he was quite powerful and feared by the royal family.
In the third year of Xiaochang in the Northern Wei Dynasty (AD 527), while Li Daoyuan was on his way to Guanju, Xiao Baoyu, the secretariat of Yongzhou, was encouraged by King Runan and sent people to besiege Li Daoyuan and his party in Yinpan Post Office (now east of Lintong County, Shaanxi Province). The pavilion is on the mountain and there is no water to eat. After digging more than ten feet of wells, there is still no water. Finally exhausted, he was killed with his younger brother Li Daojun and his two sons.
Li Daoyuan has been fond of sightseeing since he was a teenager. When he was in Qingzhou with his father, he once traveled all over Shandong with his friends.
I have been to many places since I became an official. Every time I go to a place, I have to visit the local places of interest, pay attention to the current and topography, trace back to the source, read a lot of geographical works in my spare time, and gradually accumulate rich geographical knowledge. Throughout his life, he made a lot of investigations, textual research and research on China's physical geography, and wrote a masterpiece of geography-Notes on Water Classics, which made great contributions to China's ancient geographical science.
Sang Qin was a famous scholar and geographer in Han Dynasty, and he wrote Water Mirror and other books. Water Mirror, written in the Three Kingdoms period, is a book devoted to the study of rivers and waterways, and records the China 137 major rivers.
The original text is more than 10 thousand words, the text is quite short, and the context and details of the waterway are not clear. Li Daoyuan believes that ancient books should be researched on the basis of the investigation of existing geographical conditions, and then the frequently changing geographical features should be recorded as detailed and accurate as possible.
Under the guidance of this idea, Li Daoyuan made up his mind to interpret the water mirror. Li Daoyuan paid great attention to on-the-spot investigation and investigation in the process of interpreting water mirrors. At the same time, he also read many predecessors' works and many accurate and detailed maps.
According to statistics, Li Daoyuan consulted 437 kinds of books when he wrote Notes on Shui Jing. After a long and arduous effort, Li Daoyuan finally finished his famous book "Notes on Water Classics".
Notes on Water Classics * * * has forty volumes (the original book lost five volumes in the Song Dynasty, and it is still forty volumes today, which was adapted by later generations), with more than 300,000 words, which is an unprecedented geographical masterpiece at that time. It is nominally an annotation to the water mirror, but in fact it is a re-creation on the basis of the water mirror.
This book describes 1252 rivers, and related historical sites, anecdotes, myths and legends. , nearly 1000 more than the original, the text has increased by more than 20 times, and the content is much richer than the original water mirror. It is the most comprehensive and systematic comprehensive geographical work in China.
The book also records a large number of stone tablet ink and fishing songs and folk songs, with gorgeous words and beautiful language, which has high literary value. Zhu's writing style is different from Hehe's geography.
It takes waterway as the key link, describes the geographical situation of various places in detail, and creates a new form of ancient comprehensive geographical works. Shui Jing Zhu covers a wide range.
Geographically speaking, although Li Daoyuan lived in the period of confrontation between the Northern and Southern Dynasties, he did not confine his vision to a corner ruled by the Northern Wei Dynasty, but seized the natural phenomenon of rivers and waterways and made a detailed record of the national geographical situation. Not only that, the book also talks about some foreign rivers, which shows that the author is also very concerned about foreign geography.
In terms of content, the book not only describes the hydrological conditions of rivers in detail, but also comprehensively describes other natural phenomena in each basin, such as geology, landforms, soil, climate, folk customs of products, the rise and fall of cities, historical sites, myths and legends, etc. Therefore, Biography of Water Mirror is the first comprehensive and systematic geographical work written by China before the 6th century.
It is of great reference value to the study of ancient history and geography of China. Notes on Water Classics is a geographical masterpiece with great scientific value, and it is also a unique travel note of mountains and rivers.
With full enthusiasm, vigorous writing and delicate language, Li Daoyuan vividly described the magnificent mountains and rivers of the motherland and showed his love and praise for the motherland. Li Daoyuan wrote a lot in his life, including Notes on Water Mirror, Thirteen Records and Seven Covenants. However, only the notes about the water mirror have been handed down.
Li Daoyuan (466 or 472-527) liked sightseeing when he was a teenager. Later, when he became an official, he traveled all over the country. Every time he visited places of interest, he also carefully surveyed the topography of the water surface and learned about coastal geography, landforms, soil, climate, people's production and life, and regional changes.
He found that the ancient geography book Water Mirror not only lacked the context of large and small rivers.
6. Interpretation and translation of classical Chinese in Three Gorges:
Within 700 miles of the Three Gorges, the mountains on both sides of the strait are endless, and there is no vacancy. Many cliffs, layers of cliffs, cover the sky, if it is not noon and midnight, you can't see the sun and the moon.
In summer, the river overflows the hills, and the downward and upward routes are blocked and impassable. Sometimes when the emperor has an order, he has to convey it quickly. He started from Baidicheng in the morning and arrived in Jiangling in the evening. The distance between the two places is 1200 Li! Even riding a fast horse and driving a long wind is not as fast as this.
In spring and winter, white rapids, dark green pools and dancing waves reflect the shadows of various scenery. There are many cypress trees with strange postures growing on the high mountains, hanging springs and waterfalls and swaying. Clear water, brilliant trees, high mountains and lush grass are really interesting.
On days in Chu Qing or frosty mornings, the Woods and mountain streams are cool and quiet, and there are often apes screaming loudly from a height. Their voices are continuous, desolate and strange, and the echo of the ape cry comes from the empty valley, which is sad and tactfully and disappears for a long time. Therefore, the Three Gorges fishing song sings: "The Wuxia Gorge in the Three Gorges of Badong is long, and the apes cry three times!"