zuǒqimíng
Historians in China in the Spring and Autumn Period. Lu people. Zuo Qiu is a compound surname. Blind. During the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a blind historian named Zuo Yue, who recited ancient history and legends and passed them on from mouth to mouth to supplement and enrich written records. Zuo Qiuming is one of them. According to legend, Zuo's Chunqiu, also known as Zuo Zhuan, Chunqiu Zuoshi Zhuan and Chunqiu Neizhuan, is one of the three biographies to explain Chunqiu, which is of great historical value. However, judging from the content, the book should be a work in the middle of the Warring States Period, probably written by the author under the guise of Zuo Qiuming. According to legend, Guoyu written by Zuo recorded many important historical events in the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Spring and Autumn Period, and preserved precious original materials. Legend has it that the author of Zuo Zhuan was Zuo Qiuming, a contemporary of Confucius. It was written by people in the early years of the Warring States according to the historical materials of various countries in the Spring and Autumn Period. The author is not only an outstanding historian, but also a brilliant writer. Which is blindness.
The author's thought is Confucianism, which reflects the interests and demands of the people at that time. When describing historical facts, the author clearly shows his positive or critical attitude towards those historical events. What he affirmed was something that conformed to his Confucian viewpoint. He affirmed the moral principles such as "Yi Jun, being a minister, being kind to his father, being filial to his son, loving and respecting his brother" (Zuo Zhuan lived in seclusion for three years), and also affirmed the benefits of "benefiting the people" and "protecting the country" from those moral viewpoints. He criticized the so-called "anti-morality" that undermined moral principles, such as "being cheap is detrimental to your dignity, being young is long, being distant relatives are new, being small is big, and being lewd is against justice" (Zuo Fu lived in seclusion for three years), and also criticized the failure of the ruling class to be arrogant and extravagant. The ideological progress and limitations of this book are manifested in these aspects.
zuo qiu ming
Zuo Qiuming (556 ~ 45 BC1) was named Qiu Mingming. Shi Heng Town, Dongheng Fish Village (Junzhuang, the capital of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period). As a descendant of Emperor Yan, Zuo Qiuming is rich in ancient books such as astronomy, geography, literature and history. As a left historian of Lu, he was conscientious and had both ability and political integrity, which was admired by people at that time. Confucius said, "Zuo Qiuming is ashamed of his clever words, good manners and full respect, and Qiu is also ashamed of it. Hatred and friendship, Zuo Qiuming shame, Qiu also shame ". He also edited and revised the national history, worked around the clock for more than 30 years, and finalized the biography of Zuo in the Spring and Autumn Period, which lasted more than 200 years, 1.8 million words.
Its historical, literary, scientific and military value is immeasurable, and it is highly praised by historians and literati of all ages. He also wrote a famous historical work, Guoyu, which became a historical and cultural masterpiece together with Zuo's Biography in the Spring and Autumn Period. In 45 1 year BC, Zuo Qiuming died and was buried in the northeast of Donghengyuan Village. In 647 (twenty-first year of Tang Zhenguan), Li Shimin named Zuo Qiuming a "master" and built a stone workshop in front of the tomb. 1530 (the 9th year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty), Zuo Qiuming was named as a "former Confucian" by Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty. 1642 (the 15th year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty), Zhu Youjian named Zuo Qiuming a "saint". 1725 (the third year of Yongzheng in Qing dynasty), in order to avoid Confucius' anonymity, the word "Qiu" was added to "Qiu" in sequence, and Qiu's family background was later than that of Zuo Qiuming.
Originally known as Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals, Zuo Zhuan is said to have been written by Zuo Qiuming, a Lu historian at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period.
Zuo Zhuan is the first chronicle with detailed narrative and complete system in China. The chronicle began in Lu Yin's year (722 BC) and ended in the twenty-seventh year of Lu Aigong (468 BC). In fact, it can be traced back to fourteen years (453 BC). It is an important historical document to study the Spring and Autumn Period in China. The book comprehensively describes the political, economic, military and cultural events of the major vassal states in the Spring and Autumn Period, and objectively reflects the power struggle among the vassal states and their internal ruling groups. The book praised and affirmed the achievements of Zheng Zhuanggong, Qi Huangong, Jin Wengong, Guan Zhong, Zhao Shuai, Zi Chan, Yan Ying and many other historical celebrities, but criticized the cruel and extravagant behavior of the rulers, advocated attaching importance to personnel and ignoring destiny, and put forward a progressive historical view of "the impermanence of the country, the impermanence of the monarch and the minister". On the other hand, the book maintains the ethical concepts of the exploiting class, such as "the righteousness of the monarch, the trip of the minister, the kindness of the father and the filial piety of the son", and denies and slanders the innovative measures within the ruling class and the resistance activities of the working people, showing its limitations.
Zuo Zhuan is not only a historical work, but also a literary work with remarkable literary characteristics.
First, the narrative is full of stories, drama and tense and moving plots. It always grasps the important link or typical part of the story and narrates or describes it, rather than telling it indiscriminately. In particular, some complex events, like thousands of buildings, are fragmented, extending in all directions and interrelated.
Second, he is good at writing about wars, especially several large-scale wars. Their characteristic is that their views on war have certain ideological principles. Therefore, writing about war is not just about military actions, but often focuses on political issues and combines military and politics. For example, the battle of the long spoon, Lu weak, Qi Guoqiang. As soon as Cao Gui opened his mouth, he asked Duke Zhuang of Lu why he wanted to attack Qi. It was not until I heard the words of Lu Zhuanggong inspecting the prison with emotion that I said "We can fight the first world war".
Third, the book has preserved a large number of historical materials, with beautiful words and vivid narration, which has high historical and literary value.