Xia Benji, written by Sima Qian in the Han Dynasty, contains the Xia lineage of seventeen kings and fourteen kings, and the lineage is clear; Moreover, the names of the listed kings are roughly consistent with those recorded in the chronicles of bamboo books written by people in the Warring States Period discovered by Jin people in central Hebei hundreds of years later. It can be seen that Sima Qian's Xia Benji must be based on certain facts. Therefore, the Xia Dynasty did exist in the history of China, which is beyond doubt and can't be a myth.
Legend has it that Xia tribe was developed by more than ten clans such as Xia. Its activity area, from western Henan and southern Shanxi in the west to the border of Henan, Hebei and Shandong in the east, forms a jagged situation with other clans and tribes in China.
It is said that when Tang Yao Yu Shun was a tribal leader, there was a big flood in the Yellow River basin, and Wang Yang was everywhere. People have no place to live, so it is very difficult to help the elderly and raise children. At this time, Shun sent Yu to control the flood. It is said that Yu was in the period of water control. Worried, living away from home for thirteen years, afraid to enter the house? . ? Thin food and clothing? The humble palace has incurred the cost of ditches. Finally, he led the people to use the method of dredging, and finally leveled the flood, which made great contributions.
Yu
Because this is the end of the clan commune system, it has special power over the masses in the rise of individuals. He used his prestige and power to succeed Shun as tribal leader. During his time as chief, he defeated Sanmiao in the south. This extraordinary achievement further consolidated his position.
Yu's son is the enlightenment, and there are many records in Zhou Wenxian in the later period. However, the legend about Qi's succession to Yu is quite inconsistent. Some people say that Yu was recommended as an heir, and he died first, so it is easy to set up his son as an heir. But after Yu's death, what about people? Return to Qi without profit? ; Some people say that Yu's successor is? Kay and friendly forces attacked the interests and seized the world? ; Some people say that after Yu's death, his son succeeded to the throne. Yoshiko, why don't you start killing? . These are all remembered by people on weekends, but there is one thing in common, that is? Public world? Become? Home world? , is from scratch. This is a major change in ancient times.
At this time, although the economy has undergone new changes, it has caused? Bit? Personal thoughts, but old ones? Make way? Our traditional habits have been destroyed by Kay, and many conservative people will rise up against it. After a long period of turmoil, they will settle down. It is said that there was a Hu family at that time. Righteousness Get up and oppose the destruction of the old system, so as to launch a struggle between the old and new forces, that is? Chuan xian? With what? Kawako? Fight.
As a result, Qi defeated Hu Shi and punished him as a herding slave. About this period of history, the records in various books are quite different. In the Book of History, there is an article "Shi Gan", which records the oath made when conquering the Hu family and fighting in Gansu. Judging from the plain words, it can be seen that it is by no means a work of Xia Dynasty. And bossy who is it? Which king of Xia Dynasty signed the Hu family? Where are Hu and Gan? There is no definite theory since ancient times. Today's writer says that there is a servant who died for righteousness and a brother who is a servant. Ancient writers in China called it a surname and an immoral country.
It can be seen that since there are no original historical materials of the Xia Dynasty handed down, it is not surprising that there are some rumors and different opinions in the history of the Xia Dynasty. According to the textual research of Gu Jiegang and Liu Dui, it is Qi, not Yu, who is fighting the You Hu family.
Hu's surname is not Xia's, but Dongyi's? Nine tigers? . ? Hey? It was hired by the Yin Dynasty, in the area of Yuanyang North in Zhengzhou today. ? Gan? In the southwest of Luoyang today. This view coincides with the legendary activity area and development route of Xia nationality, which is a more appropriate view.
begin
In a word, Kay defeated the Youhu family and really consolidated the system of passing on children in Xia Dynasty. The generation of the offspring system began from the patriarchal society.
Below, we will make a simple explanation based on the bits and pieces of the historical sites of the Xia Dynasty recorded in Xia Benji.
It is said that after Kay's death, Taikang, Zhong Kang and other five brothers succeeded to the throne. According to historical records? When Taikang lost his country, Kundi five people had to write Song of Five Sons in Luoling. Song of the Five Sons of Shangshu has been lost. Say? Five people in Kundi? , "Chu language"? Five views? , "Mozi? Non-music Property management? . So later generations have a saying? Wuzi? Namely. Five views? , that is? Property management? . Really? Wuzi? For what? Five views? Not bad. What do you mean? Wuzi? For what? Property management? No, because Mozi said so? Property management? It seems to be a book title, not a person's name.
Kong Anguo said that Taikang lost his country because he was trapped in the fields and had no sympathy for civil affairs. He was driven out by Yi and could not return home. In early summer, nomadic economy must still be in an important position. From the divination in the late Yin Dynasty, it can be imagined that in the early summer before the Shang Dynasty, nomadic and hunting must occupy a larger proportion in the social economy.
Therefore, hunting was a legal production activity at that time and would not constitute the cause of losing the country. Historical Records, also known as Taikang's death, is related to his brother Zhong. When Zhong Kang was in love with Yin, he wasted time and made a mess of his life. Yin once went to enlist and made a vow of "Andrew". Andrew has been dead for a long time, and its contents are unknown. However, its confusion in xi He is the same as that in China's ancient classics today.
The pseudo "History of Ancient Literature" includes: Autumn came, the new moon rose, and Chen Fu gathered in the room. ? Has this eclipse ever happened in history? When did this happen? There is no way to be sure. The Tang dynasty began to understand that this was a solar eclipse in September, when Zhongkang was five years old. This is also derived from the history of pseudo-ancient prose.
Hanshu? Law Calendar and Book of Jin? There is no such thing as a solar eclipse in Tianwenzhi, which means that there was no solar eclipse before the Tang Dynasty. However, some Chinese and foreign scholars have studied this eclipse according to the history of pseudo-ancient literature, and put forward seven or eight different specific dates, but they have not reached a consistent conclusion. Among them, there are more people who hold opinions on 213710122 October or 2165 May 7. But because they are based on fake books, these studies can be said to be worthless.
When the Xia Dynasty was in Taikang, Zhongkang and Shao Kang, another great event happened, that is, the dispute between Xia and Dongyi. Dongyi has lived in Shandong province, northern Jiangsu, northeast corner of Anhui and eastern Henan since ancient times, that is, after the so-called Taibian and Shaobian. Their surnames are legendary, such as Feng, Ying, Yuan and Yan. The Analects of Confucius? Nine one? Known as. There was once a Xia generation who fought with them for a long time.
Strangely, Sima Qian wrote Xia Benji without saying anything about it. Therefore, Suoyin, Justice and Zuo Zhuan all ridicule Tai Shigong's negligence here. This historical fact exists in the stories contained in Zuo Zhuan, Chu Ci and The Analects of Confucius.
Han Zhuo
According to stories and legends, Taikang hosted a banquet every day in summer, showing no sympathy for civil affairs and arousing people's disgust. At this time, the poor Dongyi Tusi community knew that the people did not support the Taikang brothers and replaced them. Because Xia Min replaced Xia Zheng? , when the leader of the Xia clan. However, it didn't take long for Yi to be killed by his minister Han Zhuo, because he couldn't have children after hunting, and Han Zhuo occupied Yi's wife and property.
Later in the summer, Zhong Kang and his son fled to the tribe with the same surname to find Guan Fu (now southwest of Gongxian County, Henan Province), and were attacked and destroyed by Han Lei. Fortunately, my wife and I got pregnant after we got married. I ran to my mother's house and gave birth to a son, Shao Kang (Ren County, Hebei Province). Shao Kang was forced by Han Zhuo to flee to Youyu (Yuxian County, Henan Province). Yu Jun's wife took two daughters and asked him to have surgery in Renyi.
Shao Kang finally corrected the contractual surname family, destroyed Han Zhuo and restored his homeland. Is this what history says? Shao Kang Zhongxing? . The struggle between the two countries lasted for at least several decades, and the Xia Dynasty experienced three generations. The struggle was quite fierce at that time.
The above story, of course, like other legends, contains some additional elements of later generations, and even mixed with myths and legends. However, it must contain real history. The first is enlightenment or brotherhood, which can be said to be the remnants of matriarchal clan society.
Secondly, Yi is the Yi nationality. He can be the leader of the Xia nationality, and seems to be the chief of the tribal alliance. But this requires Xia Min's consent. What do you mean? Because Xia Min replaced Xia Zheng? It shows that the people still had great democratic rights at that time. Thirdly, Han Zhuo was exiled by his father and taken in by Yi, which is the custom of adopting adopted sons in clan society. Han Zhuo is a member of his clan, so he can? Usurp? The location of the village. Because the adopted adopted son enjoys completely equal rights with the members of this clan.
Is his usurper still there? Salty clothes inside and outside? From this story, we can see that although the primitive commune system in Xia Dynasty is gradually disintegrating, it still retains the basic democratic rights of primitive clan society, and its social nature should be classified as primitive society. Agricultural production in the Xia Dynasty probably developed greatly. Legend has it that chief Yu, who has never been divorced from productive labor, once strongly advocated agriculture. Plough and win the world? ,? Holding Lei's body, he thinks that the people are the first, and his thigh is not lost, and his tibia is not hairy. Although I work hard, I don't suffer from it. . Again? Do your best? Turn flood into water conservancy. Legend has it that winemaking is famous in summer. Wine is made from grain, and the appearance of wine can also show that the output of crops has been greatly improved.
Shao Kang went to the Kong family as a descendant of VI. It is said that he is good at ghosts and gods, promiscuous and rebellious. Then the third generation of summer came, and the last generation of Jay. It is said that Jie is a famous bad king, and later generations almost put all the evils in ancient and modern times on him. Of course, there must be false words in this, but it can be asserted that he is not a popular clan leader.
According to legend, people curse Jie for his early death. Jay smiled and said that he was the sun in the sky. He died as soon as the sun died. Xia Min pointed to the sun and scolded him, saying, Every day you mourn and give alms, you are all dead! ? This shows that the status of clan leaders in the late summer has been transformed into a ruling force. A clan is longer than everything else, becoming a ruler and even comparing itself to the eternal sun.
The crime of valerian is confined to Xiayi, which has little to do with other countries or other clans, let alone the world. At this time, Tang, the leader of the Shang clan, who coexisted in the east and the summer, took advantage of the hatred of Jie in the summer to lead many people to rise up and destroy the summer. Yi said:? Is the revolution of Tang and Wu based on the heaven? That's what it means. It can be seen that the Xia Dynasty was in the stage of clan society collapse.