Yuan Chonghuan committed treason, and the so-called "slaughter" is dismemberment, which is worse than Yue Fei. Zhao Gou killed Yue Fei, even though he wanted to live in peace. After all, this is his selfishness. Killing Yuan Chonghuan in Chongzhen is a complete self-destruction of the Great Wall. "Arrogant self-esteem, Huan's death is not good for anyone, and Ming's death is certain."
Looking at what Chongzhen has done is not as fatuous and dissolute as the former monarch in the history of national subjugation, nor does it sit idly by and watch state affairs. "At the beginning of his reign, Ji Shen acted arbitrarily and the world wanted to rule peace." He was once praised as a "wise master" by the ruling and opposition parties. In the face of the crisis, he made great efforts to govern. "Don't worry, persuade and encourage, and manage with your heart." Since Chongzhen is a diligent emperor who is diligent in political affairs, why did he make such an unwise move?
This is related to Chongzhen's personality and psychology. The emperors of Zhujiajian Island family in Ming Dynasty all had morbid and paranoid personalities. They are suspicious, mean and willful, and everything is self-centered. According to modern psychology, the so-called paranoid symptoms refer to delusional beliefs and are usually persecuted. As for paranoid personality, it is often too sensitive to actual or imagined humiliation and self-involved, so it often has the idea of fighting back. This paranoid personality is relatively complete, and there is little mental decline. The main symptom is delusion, but this delusion is very systematic and logical, and has two characteristics: first, this delusion permeates the whole structure and characteristics of delusional personality, and second, the development of delusion is gradual, gradual, orderly, coordinated and clear, thus becoming a self-contained system.
The symptoms of paranoia can be found in the paranoia and meanness of Taizu before the Ming Dynasty, the cruelty and ruthlessness of Chengzu, the physical abuse of Xianzong, the arrogance of Wuzong and the extreme rebellion of Zongshen. On the occasion of Chongzhen's accession to the throne, the country had long been hard to return, the political affairs were not correct, and there was a dispute in the court. The border will be arrogant and lazy. The "folk" complained about the shortage of soldiers and the proliferation of bandits. "It has rotted beyond saving." Worried and angry, Chongzhen couldn't help sighing in the face of the imperial court, thinking heavily, but using bandits for profit. " The more so, the stronger the paranoia and intolerance. Later, Chongzhen developed to think that everything was attributed to "scholar-officials' misunderstanding of the country." Chongzhen usually places great expectations on ministers with great responsibilities, even exceeding the actual expectations. Once disappointed, he turns to gnash his teeth and be indignant. He will kill them soon. Therefore, during the reign of Chongzhen in 17, countless ministers were killed, including 7 governors, 1 1 governors. Cabinet ministers changed lanterns more frequently, using nearly 50 people successively. Chongzhen takes meritocracy as the standard. Ironically, it is full of people who can't support the situation. Is it really nobody? Its personality does not allow people.
This makes it easier to understand Yuan Chonghuan's unjust imprisonment. Chongzhen had high hopes for Yuan Chonghuan at first. "Chonghuan into Beijing, first Chen Bing, the emperor summoned platform, comfort, but also to discuss the strategy of fighting. Yes:' The overall plan has been sparse. Under the special care of your majesty, I am willing to take a vacation at a low price, and I can recover the whole Liao country within five years. The emperor said, "I will not hesitate to reward you for returning to Liao." Qing dynasty tried to solve the problem of the world upside down, and the descendants of Qing dynasty also benefited from it. Chong Huan nodded. " Yuan Chonghuan said a sentence shouldn't say big words, it is impossible to flatten Liao in five years, but Chongzhen, like some courtiers, has a beautiful expression on paper, but it is always offensive to make statements that have no practical effect. This has laid the first curse.
Afterwards, Xu Yuqing, who knew the character of Chongzhen, asked about it. Yuan Chonghuan replied: "The sacred heart is exhausted, and talk to comfort it." Xu Yuqing warned: "You are wise, but Anke is right. I will be responsible as scheduled, what can I do? " Yuan Chonghuan this just self-knowledge gaffes. Therefore, later, "Chonghuan said:' With the power of ministers, the Liao system is more than enough, and the public is not enough. As soon as I went abroad, I became Wan Li. Don't be jealous of your job, your husband is empty. Even if I don't have the power to push my elbow, I can also confuse my affairs with my point of view. "The emperor stood up and listened and said," You don't doubt, I will be responsible for it. Liu Hongxun, a great scholar, asked me to return your sword as a gift to Chonghuan. It's cheap. The emperor learned a lesson from it and gave worship to Huan wine. "Yuan Chonghuan put the words too full, Chongzhen screen eager, regardless of whether it is feasible, blindly bet, and then feel lost, so that Yuan Chonghuan failed to live up to its trust and felt cheated. This has laid the second curse.
"Chonghuan began to suffer, and he wanted to punish Mao Longwen." This is the third curse. Although Mao was a local warlord with average strength, since the apocalypse, the Ming court relied heavily on him. "Accumulated in the left commander-in-chief, hanging in general print, giving a house guide, setting up a military town, Pidao, like the mainland." Moreover, from a strategic point of view, Mao took the island as a base and attacked with guerrilla tactics, which really played a role in containing the Qing army. This topic can be discussed in detail, so I'll skip it here. Although there are problems in Mao's department, such as greed, reimbursement, disobedience, and difficulty in scheduling, it is basically a conclusion that minor problems cannot be foolhardy. Yuan Chonghuan's killing of Mao was an abnormal death and manslaughter. As a result, the southeast battlefield of Liao country, the main towns, seaports, islands and Korea from Yalu River to Lushun, were successively occupied by the late Jin Dynasty, and almost all of them withdrew from the above areas in the Ming Dynasty, and Mao's bleak management for many years came to nothing. Besides, after Mao's death, the situation became more chaotic. His subordinates are still gratifying. Geng Zhongjing revolted one after another and then fell to the Qing Dynasty, which further proved this point. Mao was beheaded. "When the emperor suddenly heard this sentence, his meaning was extremely shocking. He thought he was dead, and he leaned on Chonghuan, which was a good answer. Russia preached the crime of tyrannical dragon writing, in order to restore the heart of Huan. "This is just Chongzhen's thinking based on employing people, and he is quite dissatisfied with it. In this way, Yuan Chonghuan will learn from the past and will not make mistakes.
At that time, although the Ming Dynasty was defeated repeatedly, based on China's dignity, "the general did not dare to defend it." And "discussion and debate, from the beginning of worship." However, although Yuan Chonghuan's peace proposal is completely correct in strategy, it does not take into account the "national conditions" of arrogance and has no sense of crisis. "Chong haun at the beginning of peace, China and North Korea don't know. When you print a newspaper, you promise it, then think it is not a plan and warn it frequently. Chonghuan wants to use it to repair the old border and maintain its strength. " Later, under pressure, Yuan Chonghuan dared not talk about peace. He once carefully suggested to Chongzhen: "The plan of recovery is nothing more than that I used to use the Liao people to defend the Liao soil and raise the Liao people with the Liao soil, keeping it as a business, fighting as a strange thing, and making peace as a side." Although it is recognized, this kind of private letter with Huang Taiji about peace talks is easy to be manipulated and suspected. Chongzhen's attitude towards peace talks is ambiguous on the surface, but he is absolutely disgusted at heart. Later, he came to Chongzhen for ten years, and Yang Sichang, the minister of the Ministry of War, mentioned it. Chongzhen also privately allowed Yang to play it by ear, but ordered that property newspapers be strictly prohibited, mainly because of face, and he did not want to be an equal with the latter for fear of foreign discussion. Later, the Kyoto crisis and the Yuan Chonghuan peace talks were exposed, which was the fourth curse.
In October of the third year of Chongzhen, Huang Taiji led a hundred thousand troops, avoiding the Jin-Yuan defense line guarded by Yuan Chonghuan, bypassing Chahar and entering the Great Wall, and capturing Zunhua. Yuan Chonghuan rushed into Christianity and arrived in Tongzhou before Houjin. The Jin army turned to the west and invaded the capital. "Chong Huan was afraid, so he led his troops into Beijing and camped outside Guangqumen. Emperor Li summoned him, deeply comforted him, asked him to defend his strategy, and gave him a royal beard and mink. Chonghuan is tired of being a horse. Please enter Hugh City. Don't! Fighting the army means killing each other. "Huang taiji had to withdraw. It turned out that "when entering the customs, it was under the jurisdiction of Liu Ce, the prime minister of Jilin and Liao. Chonghuan just heard of the change and came to rescue Ying thousands of miles ago, claiming to be meritorious and innocent." However, the people of Kyoto and some ignorant officials do not understand the political and military events in these countries. They only think that since Yuan Chonghuan is guarding the border and the enemy is pressing the border, Yuan Shoujiang naturally had it. "Everyone was suddenly attacked by soldiers and complained that Chonghuan supported the enemy." So complaints, all refers to Yuan Chonghuan is not. What's more, the fact that Yuan Chonghuan has made peace with the enemy makes "courtiers will make an alliance at the gate because of previous peace talks and falsely accuse them of leading the enemy to make peace." This is the fifth curse.
"The History of the Ming Dynasty" said: "I will set up a room in the Qing Dynasty, saying that there is a secret agreement between Chonghuan, so that the eunuchs can know it, even if Yin goes. The man ran to see the emperor, and the emperor believed him. " In other words, it was the double agent of the late Emperor Huang Taiji who killed Yuan Chonghuan. Sometimes, but it may not actually be the cause of Yuan Chonghuan's death. Yuan Chonghuan was imprisoned in December of the second year of Chongzhen and beheaded in August of the third year, with a period of nearly nine months in between. If you want to interrogate carefully, it is not difficult to crack. Although Chongzhen is narrow-minded, he is not fatuous, nor is he ignorant of state affairs. It is a basic fact that the Kyoto crisis has nothing to do with the Liaodong defense line, and it is not carefully analyzed. What Chongzhen hates, however, is that Yuan Chonghuan has never shared his worries since he defended the border. Although Liaodong is stable, the Qing army can still bypass Shanhaiguan and harass the border. Five years of peace and Liao's promise seem to be false. This is intolerable for Chongzhen, who has high demands on his ministers. In addition, the fact that Hou Jin actually arrived in the capital caused turmoil, panic and anxiety in the ruling and opposition circles. Therefore, such a great shame must be appeased by an unforgivable scapegoat, otherwise, what will China do? After this incident, Yuan Chonghuan was widely criticized for exposing the contents of the peace talks. Although Liaodong had a sense of crisis at that time, he didn't really wake up. He always stayed at the disadvantage of war, starting from the old thinking mode of generals' incompetence. For such a dynasty that is still arrogant, it is the most embarrassing shame. This is the last curse.
For these six reasons, Yuan Chonghuan's tragedy is inevitable. It should be said that Chongzhen never had an ideological struggle, but his personality factors made him more willing to end up with delusion and doubt. Afterwards, Chongzhen defended himself and said, "At the beginning of the emperor, I took him back to the inner city to hear about world events and appointed ministers and workers. I was more selfish than others. Because it is difficult to help people, those who are not rich move to another place. In winter, the capital was attacked and the Zongshe was shocked. This scholar-bureaucrat is also responsible for the country. "
However, although group feelings tend to be extreme for a while, the facts will not be distorted for a long time. After Yuan Chonghuan's death, "the world was wronged." Chongzhen is not a bad king, but also constantly reflects on himself. I just don't know if he regretted killing Yuan Chonghuan. In August of the eighth year of Chongzhen, February of the fourteenth year, November of the fifteenth year and February of the seventeenth year, Chongzhen wrote four letters to himself. Later, he once avoided the main hall, lived in Wuying Hall, and cut down on food and music. If there is no ceremony, he will wear black clothes to manage politics on weekdays and work hard with the soldiers until the day when "Kou" is peaceful. Unfortunately, the situation is irreversible, and secondly, the individual psychology is extreme, mean and suspicious, and it is impossible to establish a political group with one heart and one mind. I always feel that there is no one in Manchuria and ministers are all negative. In this way, in loneliness and pain, the Ming Dynasty in Jia Zhu came to an end in 277.