What does the ancient scholar mean?

The word "scholar" is now basically equivalent to "useless". People often laugh at themselves and say that "nothing goes to the Three Treasures Hall". In fact, this is slandering a scholar, but it is appropriate to say that "nothing is a nerd". Because a scholar, as its name implies, is a person who knows the truth of life through reading, opens up real wisdom, manages a lofty and bright life and achieves a perfect life course. A true scholar must be a person who is strict with self-discipline and integrates knowledge with practice. He must be a man who believes in his teaching and practices hard, and he must be a man who constantly purifies himself in order to increase his wisdom and improve his quality. He must also be a sincere and upright person; A person who is diligent in self-cultivation and kind to people. Such a person, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign, where is his uselessness? There are places where he can play, where he will be welcomed. Confucius taught his disciples more than just reading. There were not so many books at that time. "Reading" is actually just a means of seeking knowledge, and the word "knowledge" in Chinese is very connotative. Knowledge is the understanding of information, information, situation and expression, while knowledge is the process of judging right and wrong, choosing or inventing and discovering according to the spirit and concept generated by values and morality. Knowledge without knowledge is just a pocket, and knowledge without knowledge is useless. Only when you know, can you get the real benefits of learning. When Confucius gave lectures, his disciples listened to them, understood them, and put them into practice. In the work they chose to do according to their own wishes, they deepened their understanding of the wisdom of saints. Judging from the Analects of Confucius, Confucius did not teach his disciples useless virtual devices. On the question of ceremony, he also said: "I can talk about summer ceremony, but I can't levy it;" Yin Neng said that the Song Dynasty was not enough and literature was not enough. "Pointed out that he can tell the etiquette and essence of Xia and Shang dynasties very accurately and in detail. Although Qi and Song were descendants of Xia and Shang Dynasties, what they kept was incomplete in his view, and the documents left behind were not enough to explain what he wanted to say. However, according to the world, he didn't speak. He taught his disciples "Zhou Li". He said, "I'm depressed. I follow Zhou." "The etiquette of the Zhou Dynasty pays attention to luxury, order and majesty. Because he was born in the middle of the Zhou Dynasty, his manners should conform to social norms and teach his disciples about contemporary affairs. But his mentality is consistent. So, he once said to his disciples, Do you think I am knowledgeable? This is not to understand me, my Tao is consistent. " The Book of Rites involves all aspects of etiquette, which is actually the essence of etiquette in Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties. He revealed this and further standardized it systematically. Teaching disciples "Six Arts", that is, "Rites, Music, Shooting, Imperial, Calligraphy and Numbering", was a very complete ability-building education system at that time, and the spread "Six Classics" basically covered all aspects of life management, such as poetry, calligraphy, etiquette, Yi, Music, Spring and Autumn. Chunqiu is a chronicle of Lu compiled by Confucius himself, but it is not a simple chronicle, but a collection of praise and criticism. What people usually call "spring and autumn brushwork" is actually Confucius' true view of history. The purpose of his writing history is to explain his preaching, vividly show the parallel law of the universe through the actions of human groups and individuals, and promote the return of people's hearts with the power of historical public opinion. It is hoped that the society will improve the overall morality and mentality through rites and music, and return to the great harmony of "the world is for the public, selecting talents and appointing talents, keeping faith and practicing harmony", and the liveliness of individual life will not be hindered. The Analects of Confucius records: "Confucius is as clumsy as a local communist party, but he seems unable to speak." When he was in the ancestral temple, he spoke casually and only respected him. The doctor said that the same is true of Kan Kan; In the doctor's words, I'm already fine. "Thus, he doesn't like some pedantic pseudo Taoism said later, advocated deliberately put on a face. He "aspires to the Spring and Autumn Period and does filial piety" and teaches people filial piety. The ultimate goal is to achieve great success in personal life, because all individuals have made progress, and the whole will inevitably make progress. "The Analects of Confucius" advanced article "Luz, You Ran, Gong Xihua sit", Ceng Dian plays the drums and plays the piano. The class is very active and casual, and it is by no means to turn everyone into a puppet or a round glass ball. In today's words, his teaching and educating people is to cultivate and train social elites, and then "set things right and straighten out those who have done wrong". Through more sage training, it will affect the collective consciousness of the whole society and improve the whole society. This is actually a very grand plan. The sages of later generations, because the state gave them a high position in order to reward scholars, some scholars mistakenly regarded reading as a goal and equated reading with fame and fortune. This gradual variation has led to the following points: studying is to be an official, and studying is to honor the ancestors. The result is more and more secularization and utilitarianism. The fundamental purpose of reading is to be a man, and saints are buried. When he said it, people even laughed at him. Then many readers become bookworms and bookworms. When they are completely confined to the surface of the text itself, they can only see that what modern people write is different from what ancient people wrote. So after browsing the ancient prose, Han Fu, Tang Poetry, Song Ci, Yuan Qu and Qing Exam, he thought that he could be familiar with the four major databases, which was simply very knowledgeable. In fact, these things can be memorized. If you can't "know", you are still a layman of China culture. Basically, you don't understand China culture, and you simply misunderstand the value of China culture. In Song Dynasty, Cheng Yi said when talking about the reading of the analects of confucius Mencius Law: "Reading the Analects of Confucius and not knowing,' Although there are many, I still think'?" "Because eating in the past is different, others will say that your things are completely inapplicable. There are many "professors and scholars" who tell cultural allusions, but they have done a terrible job in life. Knowledge and life have become "oil is oil and water is water". How can this be the right way to learn? Only when a true scholar understands the truth that "a wise man sees its similarities, a fool sees its differences" can he know a consistent way on the basis of specialization and use it to cultivate self-cultivation, keep the family in order, govern the country and level the world. How can it be useless? Confucius stresses benevolence and the doctrine of the mean, while Zhu advocates neo-Confucianism, and stresses "keeping justice in nature and extinguishing human desires" and "to conscience" (his two articles "The Sage's Pure Golden Metaphor" and "On the Source of Babense" are well done and thorough), in fact, they are all telling the same truth. Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism are also talking about a life science, a life. As we all know, there is a saying that "all methods are converted to religion", which says that the Tao is different and the reason is the same. Truth is like a spring water, farmers attract irrigation farmland, village women attract cooking and washing clothes, boys attract drinking cattle, and fishermen throw bait. . . . . . Therefore, when we open the puzzle of word interpretation, we see a basic connection. No wonder Lao Tzu used water as a metaphor. Of course, there are different specific requirements, so it becomes an independent system. If you choose one, you must meet his requirements in order to succeed in life management. You can't be two-footed, one foot can't walk by water, and the other foot wants to walk by land, but wants to walk in the air. That's impossible. It is a deeper and more hidden greed, and the result will definitely be nothing. " The University said: "The way of a university is to show virtue, to be close to the people, and to stop at perfection. Zhi Zhi then has a decision, then he can be quiet, then he can be quiet, then he can be safe, then he can think about it, and then he can get it. Things have a beginning and an end, and things have a beginning and an end. If you know the order, you will find a shortcut. If the ancient desire is obviously superior to the world, rule the country first; If you want to govern the country first, you should cultivate your morality first, straighten your heart first, be honest first, and be sincere first. Everyone knows everything, everyone knows it and is sincere, sincere and upright, upright and upright, well-trained and well-groomed, well-groomed and well-governed, well-groomed and well-governed. From Tian Zi to Shu Ren, one is to cultivate one's morality. If the end of the treatment is messed up, it won't work. Thick is thin, thin is thick, and nothing is left. " This passage tells a grand and universal truth. No matter how different the forms of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism are, even Catholicism and Christianity in the West are not beyond this category. And this principle of Confucianism is very tolerant. It's not like Buddhism and Taoism leaving the world to run this pass, nor like Christian and Catholic monks entering monasteries. He emphasized doing a good job in the world, tempering the mind, becoming mature, practicing both inside and outside, being sage inside and king outside, and reaching the great realm of managing life. And this is what everyone can achieve as long as they make up their minds and practice hard. This passage also clearly shows that people are born with bright and perfect virtues, and universities are great knowledge and life sciences. His fundamental goal is to return people to the bright and perfect virtue. If a person has this bright virtue, he can love his lover, lover and thing. The process of self-cultivation is to constantly ask for the improvement of one's mind and morality, and to improve the mind of "being virtuous and close to the people", and to be one with others, and finally achieve the goal of "stopping at perfection", that is, to return to and live in the innate virtue of perfection and light, which is what Confucius said. This road is thus settled: knowing your ultimate goal and the realm of peace of mind, then your heart will be settled, this heart will be settled, then your heart will be quiet and you will not be confused. This is the connotation of Confucius' "standing at thirty". Because the mind is quiet, then the body and mind will not be confused and stable by external temptations and interests; Only by settling one's own thoughts can one truly embark on the right path. Therefore, if what you think is integrated with the universe system, you can gradually open up your innate wisdom and powerful nature, really gain something from your study, really improve your wisdom and sublimate your mind, and get skills training. Everything has a root and an end, just like a tree, and things have an end and a beginning, just like our life. Then in the process of life management, I knew the sequence and beginning of things, understood the importance of life process, and embarked on the road of enlightenment, getting closer and closer to the integration with Tao. The purpose of establishing this university system in ancient times is to establish a way to achieve great success in life. Before the age of 15, ancient primary schools learned the standard and solid mental method of being a man from "advancing and retreating, sweeping rituals", while universities pursued the way of being sage inside and king outside on this basis, reaching the stage of "Tao asking" in the realm of life. The ancient sages clearly saw that if they want to spread their innate goodness and perfection to people all over the world, they must achieve the status of governing the country, and then they can teach everyone to take the road of truth that he has proved, so that they can receive very immediate results. It's like sketching, combing mink hair with five fingers, and it's like a breeze, and you are obedient wherever you go. To do this, we must first learn to tidy up a family. At that time, the social evaluation was based on a family's magnanimity and bright moral behavior standards, just like Dashun, and to be the head of the family, it was necessary to do a very good job and be worthy of learning. The premise is self-cultivation. To cultivate one's morality, we should know that the premise of cultivating one's morality is righteousness, that is, to set one's mind on the consistent "Tao". To be "righteous", you have to find a real "master", and you have to be sincere and pure in mind to get a real education. So, how can we achieve the sincerity and purity of the soul? Then we must know the sincere way, that is, through careful observation of the operation of heaven to understand and understand. To know is to observe the laws of heaven contained in the operation of things. (For example, the sun is shining, the shadow is shortest, and a person's heart is doing the right thing. Of course, it is the golden mean. When a person gives selflessly, there is the greatest light and the least criticism in the group. For another example, the scarcity of moon stars is a phenomenon. Don't the stars shine by themselves? Why are there still so few? And the moon just reflects sunlight. Why is it so bright? Through rational thinking, we will find that the natural phenomenon of "no stars in the moon" tells us that quite a few people in the world have no insight, but agree to reflect the light of others. Then, if a person's wisdom is not the moon but a small pond, it may reflect the light reflected by the moon. We think the reason why the moon is bright is because it is very close to us. It can be seen that if a person is close to us, it may be because he or she is our relative and lover, and this reflected light may prevent us from seeing the stars all over the sky. And that is the real "self-luminous body". At the same time, the selfless characteristics of air, sunshine and water can also let us observe what is "public interest". In fact, this is the way to consider learning knowledge comprehensively. Unlike some ordinary people in Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties. After listening to the teacher's talk, they thought about learning knowledge, and they meditated there with brooms. It is the true knowledge of the educational principle of the universe. Then such a backtracking, from cause to cause, once this road reaches the high end of self-cultivation, from the highest state managers to ordinary people, is based on self-cultivation and respect for morality, then the whole society will be greatly stable, regardless of the living conditions of groups or personal life management will achieve a good balanced development. Therefore, "University" generally says: I have never seen a society that does not attach importance to Dehua at all, and can maintain long-term stability. I have never been sincere, but what I get is meager return, and what I really despise is heaviness. Therefore, when we say that a real "scholar" must be a person who studies heaven and man, understands the changes of ancient and modern times, takes morality as the foundation, practices benevolence and righteousness, and respects law. He is the mainstay of society and the real pillar of the material and spiritual construction of the group. Where would it be useless? Among all the heroes who marked history in ancient times, how many were not determined by scholars? It's just that a scholar should know how to use books as a boat to help rivers and seas, just like a fisherman fishing with a boat, and he can't take the means as an end in itself. This is the right way to study. He must be determined to be virtuous, practice hard and love both men and women in order to achieve a real scholar. We are afraid that college students will become bookworms or bookworms instead of "scholars"