The official of the Qin dynasty? Archivist? There are already full-time staff, so the corresponding management system is naturally indispensable, but the relevant system was not established in the Qin Dynasty, but in the Qin State during the Shang Yang political reform.
As recorded in the above-mentioned Book of Shang Jun, it is said that there are copies of laws or other important documents, and these copies are kept in the forbidden room, equipped with special locks and keys, and sealed with seals, which ensures that when the original of the law is destroyed, the existence of copies can also ensure that there is a law to follow.
Speaking of this, many people will think of it. What should the relevant managers do if they move? Bad idea? Unauthorized modification of copywriting leads to different laws. Isn't there a big loophole in file management? Don't panic, Shang Jun's book also has countermeasures, that is, to enter the brig and peek at the edict of the brig, and delete one more word from the edict of the brig, which is a capital crime, that is? And the word "forbidden" or more, all sins are unforgivable? .
So after the establishment of the Qin Dynasty, did this system continue? Of course, it was continued. "Miscellaneous History" records that each county sued its official in its county and wrote its official law, which means that each county should inform its official to copy the laws executed by each county. The regulations copied here are obviously copies of regulations.
Fire-forbidden system of archives warehouse in Qin Dynasty.
We mentioned in the above description of your responsibilities, what is the management of the archive warehouse? Fire ban? Yes, this point has also been written into the Qin law, so it is also a system to protect files or warehouses.
In other words, fire prevention is also the most basic point when choosing a site for archives or warehouses. You can't just find a house in the palace and everything will be fine.
Sleeping tiger Qin bamboo slips? "Miscellaneous History" also stipulates that the new official residence shall not be built according to the Tibetan (Tibetan) mansion and the book mansion, that is to say, when building houses and dormitories for officials, it shall not be next to the Tibetan mansion and the book mansion, that is, warehouses and archives rooms.
Qin people write documents (on-site)
Why can't the official dormitory be next to these places? Obviously for security reasons. After all, there must be an open fire where officials live. For example, in cold winter, it is necessary to make a fire indoors to keep warm. This is a potential safety hazard. Careful site selection is actually a measure to better protect documents and files.
In order to further implement the system of banning fire in archives, the Qin Dynasty set up the post of civil history. As mentioned above, this position is a patrol file. Every time the archives are closed and ready to be closed, they must be checked to make sure that there is no fire source before they can be closed.
Punishment of archivists in Qin Dynasty after dereliction of duty.
What about stealing misers? Court with forged words and printing behavior. Sleeping tiger Qin bamboo slips? Legal question and answer
Because the Qin Dynasty attached great importance to archives management, there were corresponding rules and regulations for secrecy work, and there were also specific penalties for officials' dereliction of duty, such as the above records, which meant that officials should abide by the secrecy system of documents and files. With the application of computer, it seems that the confidentiality of file management only needs to set encryption password, which solves this problem. What about the ancients? Encryption? Where's the file?
It's also very simple. Sealing with mud, that is, adding mud to the document files and stamping the official seal on the mud, is widely used, especially when delivering important documents, and has been used since Qin Dynasty.
Qin law
This move seems naive now, but it really solved the big problem in ancient times. After all, once the official seal is destroyed, it is almost impossible to restore it. However, the person who received the document will naturally know that there is a problem when he sees the destroyed sealed document. If it is accidentally destroyed during transmission, then verifying the authenticity is an essential step.
In order to further make the officials in charge of archives or warehouse management do their duty, the Qin Dynasty also set up a punishment system for officials after dereliction of duty, which was divided into serious cases, mainly including confiscation of property, joint punishment of relevant personnel and dismissal and exile.