Gu Shu's "Tianyi" couplet —— Book and architecture or hiding and using?
The main entrance of Tianyi Pavilion is currently the west gate. The history of this gate is not long, but it was built in the early 1980s by dismantling the gate materials of Kannonji in Xihe Street, unlike the traditional gateway. However, since Tianyi Pavilion is a museum, it doesn't hurt to use the magnificent gate. There are two plaques and couplets on the west gate. The first time a tourist stood in front of the gate, the "Southern Book City" plaque in Pan Tianshou was inconspicuous, and the "Tianyi Pavilion" plaque behind it was invisible. Guo Moruo's couplet in front of the door is on the back, and only Mr. Gu's couplet on the front porch of the Ming Dynasty is the most conspicuous. Let's talk about this couplet first.
The source of Tianyi's legacy is long and distant.
It is especially difficult to hide the deep meaning of Nanlei for a long time.
The first part of the book "Tianyi Pavilion Library" is a copy, and the second part is signed "Gu was seventy-eight years old in June 1981" and stamped with "Gu Yin" and "Seal".
Briefly introduce Mr. Gu, Gu (1904165438+10 ~ 65438+August 0998 2 1), a famous ancient book publisher, bibliographer and calligrapher, and the former director of Shanghai Library. 1in the spring of 979, participated in the compilation of the bibliography of rare Chinese ancient books. At that time, he came to Tianyi Pavilion and stayed at the Overseas Chinese Hotel nearby. According to the inscription, this couplet was written in 198 1, and it was written in bronze. In Shang and Zhou Dynasties, bronze inscriptions prevailed, inheriting Oracle Bone Inscriptions and initiating Qin Biography. Because they are engraved on the Zhong Ding, they are sometimes called Zhong Dingwen.
The following is my own understanding of the text. Let me explain the literal meaning first.
"Tianyi" of course refers to Tianyi Pavilion.
"Legacy" was first published by Mr. Liebunin in Cheng Shumu Shi Xiang. I discussed it with Mr. Liebnin, and both of them thought it should be a "legacy". He changed it to "legacy" in the later edition, but I haven't read his explanation yet, so I'll say it according to my own understanding. Judging from the glyph, it is the edge or blade of a knife, which can be understood as "punishment", and the type of punishment and harmony is always false. Moulds for casting objects are made of wood, bamboo and clay. In addition, the meaning of model and specification is extended. For example, there is a saying in nirvana in fire by Chen Qing Kang Qi that "Taifuren is kind and resolute and a materialist, which can be generalized." So I think it should be "heritage", which refers to the styles, paradigms, patterns and so on handed down.
A better explanation is "the source is long", which means a long history and a long history.
"Nanlei" can refer to both places and people. From the context, it really refers to Huang Zongxi. Huang Zongxi's name is Nanlei, but his names are too many, such as the old man in Lidao, the mountain man in Lidao, the fisherman in blue water, the owner of the fish cave, the director of the Double Waterfall, and Mitchell, the ancient library ... In the twelfth year of Kangxi, the Fan family broke the precepts and led Huang Zongxi to climb the building. Huang Zongxi "copied those who were not widely circulated, so it was a good thing", and the poem said, "The smoke waves are exquisite and exquisite in all directions."
"Deep meaning" means literal meaning.
The key is that "it is particularly difficult to hide for a long time", and an allusion is used here. Six years after Huang Zongxi went upstairs, he was asked by Jia Fan to write "Book Secretary of Tianyi Pavilion", and the first sentence at the beginning said: "It is difficult to study, especially to collect books. It's hard to hide for a long time! " Four difficult words in one sentence inspire people to forge ahead and tell the hardships of collecting books. In this article, Huang Zongxi believes that book collectors must have two conditions: "goodness" (which reads as a true love book) and "strength" (which has the ability to collect and acquire books), and "what book makers and creators are very jealous of, they don't care, which leads to disaster". Mr. Gu summed up this sentence by Huang Zongxi as "it is especially difficult to collect books".
Finally, so to sum up, these two sentences can probably be understood in two ways.
The first way of thinking: "Tianyi Pavilion" refers to Tianyi Pavilion, as the architectural space form of China Library since the Ming and Qing Dynasties (such as Tian Yiliu's land, its former pool, Wenchang's land, etc.), which has become the basic paradigm of traditional private and royal libraries for a long time and has been passed down to this day; "Nanlei is particularly difficult to hide for a long time." Through Huang Zongxi's discussion on the difficulty of book collection, he lamented the difficulty of book collection. The core value of Tianyi Pavilion lies in that the upper part talks about architecture and space, while the lower part talks about books and content.
The second way of thinking: the "legacy" in "The Legacy of Tianyi" can be extended to systems and norms, which reminds people of the fact that books are not divided from generation to generation, books are not married, ruts are removed, and books are protected by Shi Ying, which means that Tianyi Pavilion guarantees the collection of books to this day with its unique system; "It's hard to hide the deep meaning of Nanlei for a long time" is a cultural event of Huang Zongxi climbing stairs, which tells the world that the Fan family is not limited to keeping books, but also has feelings. It has made a reasonable switch between strictness and flexibility, which has made Huang Zongxi, Quan, Ruan Yuan and many other literati climb stairs. The original intention of collecting books is to talk about collection above and use below, and to combine collection with use.