(1) Ancient Greek Civilization
Ancient Greece is the birthplace of European civilization. Ancient Greek civilization has had a broad and profound impact on Europe and even the world. By observing the map of "Ancient Greece", the geographical scope of Greek civilization is clarified, and it is further clarified that ancient Greek civilization is a typical maritime civilization, which is obviously different from the river civilization learned previously.
Ancient Greek civilization originated on the island of Crete, among which Athens was a famous slave-owning country, and it was famous for its democratic system.
(2) The Age of Pericles
Athens reached its peak during the reign of Pericles, as Marx said : "Greece's internal heyday was the age of Pericles." According to the arrangement and narration of the textbook, this issue can be interpreted from the following three aspects: 1. Pericles was in power in the second half of the 5th century BC; 2. During Pericles’ rule, Athens was at its peak as a manifestation of economic prosperity. , culture flourished, and democratic politics developed to the peak of the ancient world; third, Pericles took a series of measures to develop democratic politics: expanding the rights of citizens; encouraging academic research, developing literature and art, and paying attention to education.
(3) Basic clues to the historical development of ancient Rome
If we say that ancient Greek civilization was the ignition in the history of European civilization The first torch, then the ancient Roman civilization was the second glorious period in the history of European civilization. For the rise and fall of ancient Rome, a brief list of clues to the historical development of ancient Rome can be designed: Rome City (8th century BC) ─ → Roman Republic (509 BC) ─ → Dominance of the Mediterranean (2nd century BC) ─ → Roman Empire (27 BC)─→The empire split (395)─→The Western Roman Empire fell (476).
2. Difficulty:
Pericles’ reforms led to the high development of slavery in Athens, which shows that reforms are an important driving force for social progress and development, and outstanding figures can play a certain role in historical development. Promoting effect. To understand Athenian democracy, one should not only see its progress but also understand its limitations. The trial of Socrates can be supplemented to understand the limitations of Athenian democracy.
In the 5th century BC, the Athenian slavery economy developed to a considerable extent, slaves were widely used, and the number of small and medium-sized slave owners increased. As their economic power increased, small and medium-sized slave owners demanded expanded political rights. During Pericles' administration, he complied with this trend and requirement. He reformed politics, further consolidated and expanded the basis of slave-owner rule, and developed Athens' democratic politics to the peak of the ancient world. Athens' slave economy also reached a high degree of prosperity. A situation has been formed in which culture is prosperous, education is developed, and talents emerge in large numbers.
Regarding the evaluation of Athenian democratic politics during this period, we can draw the following conclusions based on student discussions and exchanges: First, it provided political conditions and guarantees for the prosperity of Athens and developed the democratic politics of the ancient world to its peak. , also had a certain impact on modern Western democratic politics; secondly, Pericles was a regime that represented the interests of the slave-owning class