If you agree with a certain point in writing, you can say, "I told you." Or "I said so."
If you want to show that others look similar to you, you can say, "Look in my mirror."
classical Chinese
1, basic concept
Classical Chinese is the written language in ancient China, mainly including the written language based on the spoken language in the pre-Qin period. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, no articles were invented to record characters, but bamboo slips, silks and other things were used to record characters, and silks were expensive, bamboo slips were huge and the number of words recorded was limited. In order to record more things on a roll of bamboo slips, unimportant words must be deleted. Later, when "paper" was used on a large scale, the habit of using "official documents" among the ruling classes had been finalized, and the ability to use "classical Chinese" had evolved into a symbol of reading and literacy. Classical Chinese comes from vernacular Chinese, which is characterized by writing based on words, paying attention to allusions, parallel prose, neat rhythm and punctuation, including strategies, poems, words, songs, stereotyped writing, parallel prose and ancient prose.
2. Main features
The first word "Wen" means beauty. The word "Yan" means writing, expressing and recording. The word "classical Chinese" means written language. Classical Chinese is relative to spoken Chinese, which is also called vernacular Chinese. The last word "Wen" refers to works, articles, etc. , and represents the genre.
"Classical Chinese" means "beautiful language articles", which is also called stylistic writing. And "vernacular" means: "articles written in ordinary and plain oral language", such as "have you eaten?" .
In ancient China, it was different to express the same thing in "spoken language" (written language). For example, if you want to ask someone if they have eaten, you can express it in spoken English as "Have you eaten?" And expressed in written language, it is "rice?" . "Fanbu" is classical Chinese. Here, the noun "Fanbu" is used as a verb, which means to eat.
Before 19 18, China's articles were all written in classical Chinese. Now we generally call "ancient Chinese" "classical Chinese".
In the history of China for thousands of years, great changes have taken place in spoken English, but the classical Chinese has always maintained a similar format. Classical Chinese can make users of different languages "talk in writing", which is a fixed format but not very difficult way of communication.
2. How to express "What do you say" In classical Chinese, you speak very well.
Classical Chinese:
Introduction: Classical Chinese is the written language in ancient China, mainly including the written language based on the spoken language in the pre-Qin period. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, no articles were invented to record characters, but bamboo slips, silks and other things were used to record characters, and silks were expensive, bamboo slips were huge and the number of words recorded was limited. In order to record more things on a roll of bamboo slips, unimportant words must be deleted. Later, when "paper" was used on a large scale, the habit of using "official documents" among the ruling classes had been finalized, and the ability to use "classical Chinese" had evolved into a symbol of reading and literacy. After the 20th century, in China, the position of classical Chinese was gradually replaced by vernacular Chinese. Classical Chinese comes from vernacular Chinese, characterized by writing based on words, paying attention to the use of allusions, parallel prose, neat rhythm and no punctuation, including strategies, poems, words, songs, stereotyped writing, parallel prose and ancient prose. The classical Chinese in modern books are generally marked with punctuation marks in order to facilitate reading and understanding.
Interpretation: The first word "Wen" means beauty. The word "Yan" means writing, expressing and recording. The word "classical Chinese", that is, written language, has long occupied a dominant position relative to "spoken language" in ancient China. After the May 4th Movement, vernacular Chinese was qualified to become a formal written language. The last word "Wen" refers to works, articles, etc. , and represents the genre.
3. How to express a sentence in classical Chinese 1 Peach Blossom Spring Story Tao Yuanming's Peach Blossom Spring Story is a model work in ancient Chinese and has been selected as a Chinese textbook for middle schools.
There is a description of the Peach Blossom Garden in the article: the land is flat and spacious, and the houses are exactly the same. There are fertile fields, beautiful ponds and mulberry trees here. The traffic in the building is so busy that chickens and dogs hear each other.
Some men and women dressed like strangers. The yellow hair hangs low and enjoys itself.
There are different views on how to understand "knowing that you are an outsider" in the article. According to Shen Hengzhong's Notes on Students with Learning Difficulties-Preparing Lessons in Classical Chinese in Middle Schools (Shanghai Education Press 1999), there are four main points: First, it has been 600 years since the Qin Dynasty to the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and the clothes of Taoyuan people will not be the same as those of foreigners.
Perhaps the original text is wrong. "Knowing as an outsider" means "knowing as an outsider" or "having an outsider". Second, "knowing as an outsider" means "being like a person from another world".
Third, "outsiders" refer to Qin people outside Taoyuan. Fourth, "outsiders" are people outside Taoyuan.
The current middle school textbooks adopt the fourth statement, and understand "outsiders" as "outsiders". Some teachers think this understanding is unreasonable.
The reason is the same as the first statement above, that is, people in Taohuayuan have been isolated from the outside world for nearly 600 years from "ancestors avoided the chaos of Qin Dynasty and led their wives to this desperate situation". Their farming methods and dressing styles can't be the same as those of foreigners, but they should be very different. Therefore, the "outsider" in "knowing as an outsider" cannot be understood as "outsider", but should be understood as "foreigner".
This can be counted as the fifth statement. This statement is not only found among teachers, but also seen from time to time in some modern translations and notes.
For example, Xin Zheng's Selected Works of Ancient Masters (Jiangsu Ancient Books Publishing House, 2000) notes: "Outsiders: Outsiders, foreigners." We believe that "outsiders" in "knowing as outsiders" can only be interpreted as "outsiders", referring to people outside the Peach Blossom Garden, and other explanations are incorrect.
In the Eastern Jin Dynasty where Tao Yuanming lived, "outsiders" were only interpreted as "outsiders" and not as "foreigners". The third meaning of "outsider" in Chinese dictionary is "outsider".
The second meaning is: "ancient refers to people outside the vassal state ... modern refers to foreigners." It can be regarded as the solution of "foreigners" and post-uprising.
It is a taboo to explain ancient words with the meaning of future generations. In The Peach Blossom Garden, "outsiders" appeared three times.
There is no doubt that the other two "outsiders" have been interpreted as "outsiders", and the "outsiders" in this sentence is no exception. "Among them" in this sentence refers to the Peach Blossom Spring, so the corresponding "outsiders" can only refer to people outside the Peach Blossom Spring.
People have doubts about this and think that this understanding is unreasonable, but they understand "outsiders" as "foreigners", "people from another world" or "Qin people outside Taoyuan", and even suspect that the original text of this sentence is wrong. Its root lies in the lack of correct understanding of syntactic structure and the usage of the word "informed". Let's talk about structure first.
The subject of this sentence is "planting in it, men and women wear clothes", and "knowing as an outsider" is the predicate. The Collection of Tao Yuanming published by Yili People's Publishing House translates this sentence into "Men and women who come and go to farm wear shoes like outsiders", which means that the syntactic structure of this sentence is wrong-they regard "coming and going to farm" as the attributive of "men and women" and "men and women's clothes" as the single subject of "being known as outsiders".
The first and third statements quoted above only take "men's and women's clothes" as the subject. Let's start with the word "notice".
"Xi", like the word "leisure" in this article "leisure to ask", is an all-encompassing adverb of scope, which is equivalent to "all" or "all". Practical dictionary of Zhonghua Book Company: "If you know it, you will be fine."
In the sentence "Some of them grow crops and men and women dress like strangers", what does the word "informed" cover-that is, its semantic orientation is "growing crops" and "clothes worn by men and women". "Knowing as an outsider" means "everyone is like an outsider".
This means that "farming" and "men's and women's clothes" are similar to outsiders. China Youth Publishing House and Tianjin People's Publishing House jointly published * * * "A Fine Interpretation of Classical Chinese in Junior High School" (joint edition), which translated this sentence into: "People there come and go to farm and work, and men and women wear the same clothes as people outside."
Such a translation obviously does not accord with the author's original intention. This sentence has two meanings: one meaning "people coming and going are like outsiders" and the other meaning "men and women dressed like outsiders"-this is the author's original intention.
To express these two meanings in one sentence becomes "First, men and women dress like strangers." It can be seen that the word "informed" is only useful when two things are put together.
Its function is only to express comprehensiveness, which can only be understood as "all" and cannot be understood as "integrity". "Knowing as an outsider" can't be understood as "exactly the same as people outside".
It is precisely because people understand this sentence as "exactly the same as people outside" that they doubt the rationality of this sentence; The reason why people think that "outsiders" should not be interpreted as "outsiders" but should be interpreted by others is also based on this understanding. According to the structure of this sentence and the usage of the word "Xi", we think this sentence can be translated as follows: "Here, (people) come and go to farm, and (and) men and women dress like people outside."
It should be noted that we believe that the "men's and women's clothing" in the original text is from the aspect of clothing system, not specific clothing. If you refer to the specific dress, it is not only different from people outside, but also different from people in Taoyuan.
The author said in the poem of Peach Blossom Spring: "Cowpea is ancient, but clothes are not new." "system" and "law" are synonyms, and "clothes are not new" is equivalent to "clothes are still ancient"
"clothes" refers to coats; "dress" refers to the bottom dress, that is, the lower skirt. The dress under the coat is one of the main symbols of ancient clothing.
In ancient times, men and women put on their clothes and put them on. The so-called "clothes are not new" means that people in the Peach Blossom Garden have never changed their clothes.
This has important enlightenment for us to understand the sentence "men and women dress". The reason why the author wants to say "among them, men and women dress like strangers" has its profound meaning.
Yuan Hongdao, a famous literary critic in Ming Dynasty, said when commenting on Peach Blossom Garden.
4. "That's great" How to express goodwill in classical Chinese?
Classical Chinese is the written language in ancient China, mainly including the written language based on the spoken language in the pre-Qin period. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, no articles were invented to record characters, but bamboo slips, silks and other things were used to record characters, and silks were expensive, bamboo slips were huge and the number of words recorded was limited. In order to record more things on a roll of bamboo slips, unimportant words must be deleted. Later, when "paper" was used on a large scale, the habit of using "official documents" among the ruling classes had been finalized, and the ability to use "classical Chinese" had evolved into a symbol of reading and literacy. After the 20th century, in China, the position of classical Chinese was gradually replaced by vernacular Chinese. Classical Chinese comes from vernacular Chinese, characterized by writing based on words, paying attention to the use of allusions, parallel prose, neat rhythm and no punctuation, including strategies, poems, words, songs, stereotyped writing, parallel prose and ancient prose. The classical Chinese in modern books are generally marked with punctuation marks in order to facilitate reading and understanding.
Overview of classical Chinese
Mr. Wang Li, a famous linguist and educator of classical Chinese, pointed out in Ancient Chinese: "Classical Chinese refers to the written language of ancient Chinese formed on the basis of pre-Qin spoken language and the language in the ancient works of later writers." Classical Chinese, that is, articles written in classical Chinese, that is, ancient classical Chinese works and works imitating it in past dynasties. Classical Chinese, as a written stereotyped writing language, has been used for two or three thousand years, from pre-Qin philosophers and poems in Han Dynasty to ancient Chinese prose in Tang and Song Dynasties and stereotyped writing in Ming and Qing Dynasties. In other words, classical Chinese is the ancient written language of China and the source of modern Chinese. [2]
The first word "Wen" means beauty. The word "Yan" means writing, expressing and recording. The word "classical Chinese", that is, written language, has long occupied a dominant position relative to "spoken language" in ancient China. After the May 4th Movement, vernacular Chinese was qualified to become a formal written language. The last word "Wen" refers to works, articles, etc. , and represents the genre.
"Classical Chinese" means "beautiful language articles", which is also called stylistic writing. And "vernacular" means: "articles written in ordinary and simple oral language" such as "have you eaten?" .
In ancient China, it was different to express the same thing in "oral language" and "written language". For example, if you want to ask someone if they have eaten, you can express it in spoken English. Did you eat? And expressed in written language, it is "rice?" . "Fanbu" is classical Chinese. Here, the noun "Fanbu" is used as a verb, which means to eat.
Before 19 18, China's articles were all written in classical Chinese. In modern times, we generally refer to "ancient prose" as "classical Chinese".
In the history of China for thousands of years, great changes have taken place in spoken English, but the classical Chinese has always maintained a similar format. Classical Chinese can make users of different languages "talk in writing", which is a fixed format but not very difficult way of communication.