Confucius had too many shortcomings and limitations. It is easier to oppose him than to overthrow him.
Since he received letters from a series of teachers and friends, such as Laozi, Zichan, Shi Xiang, Xunzi and Changhong, he has distanced himself from them. Because teachers and friends are either traditional and conservative, or idle, or play out their doomed life scripts in a formal ban. Confucius knew it was impossible. He is ambitious and expresses it in modern language. Confucius made good use of the cultural center of the world at that time? China classics preserved by Lu, and the most advanced communication tools? Chinese characters cultivated the largest talent team in the world at that time? Confucius is a wise man, ready to build a king's paradise in his heart? Datong institution
Although writing was not effective in recording discourse thinking at that time, Chunqiu, the only book written by old people, was later called? Scrap newspaper? But Lu's advanced language has been known to the emperor and other countries; With the efforts of the descendants of the Duke of Zhou and generations of historians, in the era of Confucius, the characters began to mutate. Confucius collated ancient books; Collective wisdom has been developed in the history of Confucius' disciples, and the disciples and the disciples who passed it on together recorded Confucius' words and became a temporary model. As soon as the effective writing appeared, the poems, songs, books and poems preserved by officials and officials, scholars, historians, teachers and Mongolians, as well as the new civilized thinking and problem-solving in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, began to precipitate and accumulate, and began to spread for hundreds of years. Naturally, those nameless geniuses work under the guise of Huangdi, King Wen and Duke Zhou. Until the Han Dynasty, many China classics, such as Neijing, Yijing and Book of Rites, were written by word of mouth or by individuals, and remained popular with the help of Confucius' reputation.
So Confucius took advantage, but if this advantage was really given to someone, it was not someone else or him. He is a master, the greatest king who penetrated heaven and earth in three generations, and is called by later generations? Wang Su? .
The emergence of effective writing is a great event. The text was there? Rain millet ghost cries at night? The magical power of Oracle Bone Inscriptions, a memorandum symbol and Zhong Ding epigraphy symbol is not enough to illuminate the prehistoric history of mankind. In the dark, human beings can only sing, cry, talk and talk. The appearance of effective words makes it possible to express one's feelings and write one's mouth shape, and makes it possible for individuals to meditate, reflect and write? Make it possible. In this splendid process of the East, Confucius played the greatest role. Therefore, Song Confucians believe that Zhong Ni will last forever.
However, Confucius failed in his career. He admits that he is a lost dog and he is not a successful person. It is said that he lost his father's imagination, which made his words and deeds depend on power and people all his life. However, his disciples are better than him in dealing with the relationship between officials and businessmen, and even become first-class bureaucratic businessmen. Confucius himself never made a great speech, and his words were not too modest. Most of them decorate China's universal autocracy and hierarchical autocracy since the three generations or the Duke of Zhou with more warmth, but this round-trip reflection on life is more worth listening to. The princes dispersed, the government arrested doctors, accompanied ministers to carry out their lives, the world went from bad to worse, heresy and atrocities continued; There is a minister who kills the king and a son who kills his father. During the Spring and Autumn Period, countless people killed 36 kings and killed 52 kings. ? At that time, everyone was living in uncertainty, and Confucius' disciples witnessed the happiness and enrichment with the teachers. Therefore, after the death of Confucius, his best disciple can still mourn for him for three years, even though employment opportunities are everywhere. Keep Lu, chaos, break Wu, strengthen Jin and bully Yue? Zi Gong, a great businessman and a first-class diplomatic expert at that time, lived in the tomb for six years. This is an infinite grasp in a limited time and space, an elegant and noble belief. Although Confucius' thoughts are out of date when the international community is fighting for power and profit like a mad dog, once Liuhe is swept away, Hai Xian is eliminated, the pattern of difference in farming time is stereotyped, and his ethical thoughts of benevolence, forgiveness, monarch and his son are the only choices for emperors to be loyal to filial piety or to expand their lives.
Confucius is realistic. He never sought to settle down like Sakyamuni, loved wisdom like Socrates, and was not as proud as Jesus? Our country is not in this world, but Confucius has no patriotism. His dream was not in Lu, Qi, Chen and Wei in the Spring and Autumn Period. (Historical figure) His dream is in the Duke of Zhou, more than three generations. This dream of being here and there did not achieve realistic harmony, but inadvertently fulfilled the most scarce ideological theory on the eve of the revolution at that time. This dream inadvertently became? Beyond the breakthrough? In Jaspers' words, Confucius participated? Axis era? The ideological principles of architecture have shaped different cultural traditions and have always influenced human life. In Marx's words, the tradition of Confucius and others is like a nightmare in the hearts of the living.
Why does Confucius in the Axis Age haunt the minds of the living in nightmares? Explaining from the perspective of modern rationality is nothing more than social path dependence, accidental preconceptions and so on. Who is he? Arrow stack? Characters. But the eternal existence of Confucius has its inevitability and its own efforts. Confucius was indeed the earliest and most diligent person in the China world except Dayu and Mozi. Yumo's efforts are well known, but Confucius' efforts are rarely humane. His efforts were the first to make people spend their lives? Unity, nervousness, seriousness and liveliness? My whole life.
Confucius' life is a model life. In the words summarized by later Confucian scholars, he practiced. He not only loved music and ceremonies, but also lived in the world of music and ceremonies. He not only expresses the truth, but also lives in the truth he expresses. His love in the world is not pure ego, nor is it greedy for food, so it has made the most beautiful and realistic spiritual home for mankind? A cultural China was born in the dreams of pre-Qin masters such as him, Laozi, Mozi, Zhuangzi, Mencius, Xunzi and Qu Zi. After thousands of years, literati, scholars and scholars have become the most solemn places of human heritage, and the places where political systems, power, money, clans, superstitions, merchants and peasants and workers meet in the Eastern continent. The most attractive way of life. Confucius is the most solid founder of this culture in China, the inheritor and master of the spirit of three generations of civilization. Since Confucius, all power, money and blood relatives can rise and fall, but the cultural China will never die.
Although the founding father of cultural China was not only his father, only Confucius concentrated the resource advantages of Chinese civilization at that time. In modern language, he not only possesses ideology, but also cultivates a contingent of cadres. He not only has products, but also knows marketing. He not only has value rationality, but also has rational tools; He not only provided the founding principles, but also provided the diplomatic ideas and the personal survival coordinates of the country and the world? In terms of generalized instrumental theory, synergetic theory and difference theory, Confucius has indeed made great achievements in modern philosophy of science. So, whether it is the external opposition such as yang hu, Uncle Sun Wu Shu and Qi Jinggong, or the internal opposition such as Mozi, Zhuangzi and Chu Kuang, or the later May 4th tycoon, * * * and the Cultural Revolution teenager Li Zhi? Not enough to shake this country and its well-deserved founding leader. This is the secret that Confucius did not fail.
Of course, people who oppose Confucius have good reasons. Once he entered the center from the edge and stepped onto the altar, he was used by the political system, even by the people in charge of the right to speak in cultural China, becoming a tool of control and alienation and a weapon of beating and killing people. That is to say, Confucius is the ideology of agricultural civilization moving elsewhere, the dream of great harmony in the world and the coat of the landlord class; However, it is not the self-improvement of the individual mind, the open personality of the individual, nor the power of identity and heresy. Whether it is Indian civilization, Christian civilization and other external cultures, or the infinite exploration of the inner spirit and soul, or even the revolutionary transformation, the era of immigration, and the stranger society? There is an incredible truth of Confucius. Do Confucius and Confucius hegemony have enough weaknesses, shortcomings, limitations, blind spots, shortcomings and mistakes? Let people hate, escape and resist.
But Confucius did not fail. Confucius, like Buddha, Jesus and Laozi, constitutes the boundary of human behavior and thinking as we know it. Unless, as Zhuangzi said, we are indomitable and detached, as advocated by religious scholars, we are justified, or as scientism said, we travel independently and explore infinitely. For human beings in the transitional immigration era, without Confucius, they really lived a new world, unprecedented and unprecedented. When Wang Anshi lamented that most of the saints in China since the Han Dynasty were from Buddhism, he said that because Confucianism was weak, talents could not be cleaned up, and first-class talents such as Master Ma in Jiangxi, unemployed Zen masters in Fenyang, Xuefeng, Yantou, Danxia and Yunmen all returned to the stone. Master Huineng, who can't read, said: Mind begets all methods. The giant of the May 4th Movement said, Down with Kongjiadian. This is the only way for our own families to respond to the times and arrange their inner lives. Opposing Confucius, overthrowing Confucius and leaving Confucius is an inevitable process for our civilization to move beyond the four seas from clan units, from China in China to China in Asia and to China in the world.
Lao Tzu said, the movement against Tao. Confucius did not fall. Opposing Confucius and returning to Confucius is the truth of human nature and civilization.
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If the basic support provided by modern philosophy of science to modern civilization is effective enough, we can optimistically predict that Confucius' thoughts, words and deeds and life will be the most impressive individual examples in our human society when the state of human unity is deeply rooted in people's hearts. Our human society did live out of Laozi and Zhuangzi, out of Christ and Buddha, but we also lived out of Confucius. The modernization that has not been completed so far is actually the integration of people. The unfinished modernity is actually the failure to return to the vast majority of modernity. Its return or completion will be the tolerance of traditional culture, or the effective return of the team, and a very clear and gentle reflection on life. In this respect, neither Laozi and Socrates, who emphasize individualization, nor Jesus and Buddha, who are also leaders, are as vivid as Confucius' entry into the WTO. In the dynamic balance of civilization, in the accumulation and precipitation, six kinds of ethics, such as strangeness, heresy and Machamp chaos, will still be added to carry forward the ethics of heaven and earth since Confucius.