[guán bào zh Jiāo]
David and Jonathan
(idiom)
This idiom comes from the story of deep friendship between Guan Zhong and Bao. It first appeared in Liezi Mo Lifeng. "My parents gave birth to me, and Bao Zi knew me. This world is called Guan Baoshan. " The deep friendship between Guan Zhong and Bao has become a much-told story handed down from generation to generation in China. In China, people often use "Guan Bao's close friend" to describe the mutual trust between themselves and their good friends.
Idiom explanation
Guan Bao's friendship
David and Jonathan
Pronunciation: gu m: nb à ozh and Ji ā o
Explanation: In the Spring and Autumn Period, Guan Zhong and Bao were the most familiar people in Qi Dynasty. Later, it was often compared to a friend with deep friendship.
From: Liezi Mo Lifeng: "Give birth to my parents and know my uncle Bao."
Grammar: formal; Become an object; Include praise
Example: Biography of Historical Records and Yan Guan by Sima Qian in the Western Han Dynasty: "My parents know Bao Zi."
Synonym: the difference between life and death
Antonym: a nodding acquaintance
Related idioms: Guan Bao's friendship, the legacy of steamed stuffed bun, death, Guan Bao's golden share, his own master, the battle before the war.
Character background
Guan zhong
Qi politicians in the Spring and Autumn Period
Baoshuya
. My name is Yi Wu, also known as Guan. It is said that he did business in his early years and then engaged in political activities. In the struggle for the throne between Xiao Bai (Qi Huangong) and Gong Zijiu, the sons of Qi, Guan Zhong once supported Gong Zijiu. After Xiao Bai acceded to the throne, he put aside the past and reused Guan Zhong. Guan Zhong also helped Qi Huangong to carry out reforms. Politically, the system of participating in and discussing state affairs and despising the state is implemented, that is, the monarch and the second secretary jointly govern the state, set up military organizations at all levels, and stipulate that scholars, industry and commerce go their own ways; Economically, the tax system reform was implemented, and the mining fields "declined everywhere" (see pre-Qin taxation), and some policies conducive to the development of agriculture and handicrafts were adopted.
Baoshuya
Bao, also known as steamed stuffed bun (about 723 BC or 7 16 ~ 644 BC), the son of Bao, a doctor in the State of Qi in the Spring and Autumn Period, was famous for his knowledge of people. When I was young, I made friends with Guan Zhong and did business together. During the chaos, he took Xiao Bai, the son, out to Lu, and Guan Zhong took Jiu, the son, out to Lu. Qi Xianggong was killed, and Xiao Bai fought for the throne. Xiao Bai won the throne, that is, Qi Huangong. Guan Zhong was imprisoned by Huan Gong. Bao knew Guan Zhong's sage and recommended him to take over his post. He himself was willing to live under Guan Zhong. Because of Guan Zhong's governance, Qi became stronger and stronger, and was praised as "a friend with Bao Zi" and "a legacy of Bao Zi" by people at that time.
Idioms and their stories
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"Guan Bao" refers to the politicians Guan Zhong and Bao in the Spring and Autumn Period of China in the 7th century BC. They are good friends. Guan Zhong is poor and Bao Fu is rich, but they know each other and trust each other. The deep friendship between Guan Zhong and Bao has become a much-told story handed down from generation to generation in China. In China, people often use the word "close friend" to describe the intimate and trusting relationship between them and their good friends.
It is said that at the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, hundreds of vassal states were enfeoffed, and by the Spring and Autumn Period, there were only over 100, among which only a dozen countries, such as Qi, Jin, Chu, Qin, Lu, Wei, Yan, Song, Chen, Cai, Zheng, Cao, Wu and Yue, were relatively large. These vassal States all want to be their own hegemons. Therefore, the hegemony of great powers became the main feature of the Spring and Autumn Period, and five tyrants appeared, which was called the Spring and Autumn Five Hegemonies in history books. One saying is: Qi Huangong, Jin Wengong, Song Xianggong, Qin Mugong, Chu Zhuangwang. Another way of saying it is: Qi Huangong, Jin Wengong, Chu Zhuangwang, Wu Wang, He Lv and Betty Wong Gou Jian. Qi Huangong became the overlord first.
Qi is in the northern part of Shandong Province today.
Baoshuya
. The hegemony of Qi can not be separated from Guan Zhong, a great statesman of Qi, and his hegemony mainly depends on his help. It was Bao who recommended Guan Zhong to. Guan Zhong and Bao are good friends. At first, Guan Zhong and Bao were business partners. Guan Zhong's family is poor and his capital is not as much as Bao's, but when it comes to dividends, he wants to get more. Bao's people were very unhappy and said Guan Zhong was greedy. Bao Shu Ya explained: "Where did he get the money? His family's life is difficult, and I gave it to him voluntarily. " On several occasions, Guan Zhong helped package ideas, but he all screwed up. Bao was not angry, but comforted Guan Zhong and said, "It's not your bad idea, but the bad timing. Never mind. " Guan Zhong was an official for three times, but he was dismissed every time. Bao thinks that Guan Zhong is not without talent, but has not met anyone who appreciates him. Guan Zhong once led troops to fight. Hide behind when attacking and run ahead when retreating. All his soldiers looked down on him and refused to fight him again. Bao said, "There is an old mother in Guan Zhong's family. He protects himself to serve his mother, not really afraid of death. " Bao defended Guan Zhong and tried his best to cover up his shortcomings, just to love Guan Zhong. Guan Zhong was very moved by these words and said with a sigh. "My parents gave birth to me, and Bao Shu Ya knows me!" Guan Zhong and Bao thus became the difference between life and death.
Later, Guan Zhong and Bao both went into politics. At that time, Xiang Gong, the monarch of the State of Qi, had no sons, only two half-brothers. One is Gong Zijiu, and his mother is from Shandong (now southwest Shandong); One is his son Xiaobai, and his mother is a Weiguo (now northern Henan). One day, Guan Zhong said to Bao, "In my opinion, Gong Zijiu will succeed to the throne in the future. You and I will each help one. " Bao Shu Ya agreed with Guan Zhong's idea. From then on, Guan Zhong became Gong Zijiu's teacher and Bao became the teacher of Gongzi.
Qi Xianggong is cruel and fatuous, so he often finds fault with ministers. In order to avoid the chaos of state affairs, sons fled to other countries to wait for opportunities. Guan Zhong assisted Gong Zijiu who lived in Lu, while Bao served another son of Qi in Ju.
In the twelfth year of King Zhouzhuang (685 BC), Sun killed him in ignorance and seized the throne. Less than a month later, Sun Ignorance was killed by ministers again. Some ministers of Qi secretly sent envoys to Ju 'an to welcome his son Xiaobai back to the throne of Qi.
Hearing the news, Duke Zhuang of Lu decided to personally lead 300 personnel carriers and escort Gong Zijiu back to Qi as a general. He first asked Guan Zhong to take some military forces to intercept Xiaobai's son on the road.
Guan Zhong took thirty chariots and chased his son Xiaobai day and night. They chased Jimo (now southeast of Pingdu County, Shandong Province). I heard that it had been half a day, and they continued to hit the road, chasing for more than 30 miles in one breath. Far away, they saw a group of Ju soldiers making a fire and cooking at the edge of a small forest, and their son Xiaobai was sitting in the car. Guan Zhong ran forward and said, "Son, where are you going?" Xiao Bai said, "Go to the funeral." Guan Zhong added, "Omiya is older than you. He can handle a funeral. Why are you in such a hurry? . Bao Shu Ya knew Guan Zhong's intention and said to Guan Zhong unhappily, "Guan Zhong, you are quick to go home. Everyone has their own career, so you don't have to worry. " Guan Zhong looked around, and the people behind him looked at each other, staring and rubbing their hands, as if to try their best with him. Then look at our own people, much less than them, thinking that they will definitely suffer, just pretend to promise and retreat. After a few steps, I suddenly turned around, drew my bow, picked up an arrow, aimed it at Xiaobai and shot an arrow. I heard Xiao Bai yelling, spitting blood and falling in the car. People around constantly came to the rescue, and some of them shouted "No!" Then, many people began to cry.
Guan Zhong saw this scene and thought that Xiaobai must be dead, so he flew back by car and reported to Duke Zhuang of Lu. When Duke Zhuang of Lu heard that Xiaobai had died, he immediately gave a banquet to celebrate. Then with omiya for a long time, I set out to Qi slowly.
Guan zhong
I don't know, Guan Zhong's arrow didn't kill Xiao Bai, but just hit Xiao Bai's coat hook. Xiaobai was afraid that Guan Zhong would shoot an arrow again, so he used his quick wits and bit his tongue, pretending to vomit blood and died. Everyone was fooled by him in the bustle. It was not until Guan Zhong walked away that Xiao Bai opened his eyes and sat up. Bao Shu Ya said, "We have to run quickly. Maybe Guan Zhong will come back. " So Xiao Bai changed his clothes, sat in a covered car and took a shortcut to Linzi, the capital of Qi State. At that time, Duke Zhuang of Lu and Childe Nine were still halfway!
The ministers who originally advocated Gong Zijiu as the monarch of the State of Qi said to Bao when their son came back first, "What can you do if Gong Zijiu comes back?" Bao said: "The civil strife in Qi requires a wise man like the son of Qi to be a monarch in order to be stable. Now Xiao Bai, the son, has come back long before Miyako. Isn't this providence? Think again. Duke Zhuang of Lu escorted omiya back for a long time. If Miyako becomes a monarch for a long time, Duke Zhuang of Lu will definitely blackmail property. Qi has been miserable. How can he stand it? " The ministers listened to Bao's words and unanimously agreed to let the famous in history inherit the throne.
A few days later, Duke Zhuang of Lu came to the border of Qi with a great army. When he heard that his son Xiao Bai had not died and had become a monarch, he was very angry and immediately attacked Qi. Qi Huangong had to send his troops to fight. There was a scuffle between the two armies in Shanggong (now west of Zibo), and the Lu army was defeated. Duke Zhuang of Lu abandoned his car and fled, just to save his life. Wenyang of Lu was also occupied by Qi. It's really stealing chickens and not eating rice.
Duke Zhuang of Lu returned home after defeat. Before he could catch his breath, the Qi army came to the door again, forcing Duke Zhuang of Lu to kill Gong Zijiu and hand over Guan Zhong. Seeing that the soldiers were under great pressure, Duke Zhuang of Lu was unwilling to risk national subjugation for a Gong Zijiu, and quickly ordered Gong Zijiu to be executed. He also ordered Guan Zhong to be arrested and prepared to give it to Qi. Counselor Shi Bo said to Duke Zhuang of Lu, "Guan Zhong is a genius in the world. If Qi uses him to enrich it, it will be a great threat to us. I think it is better to leave him in Lu. "
At that time, Duke Zhuang of Lu only cared about the Qi army outside China.
David and Jonathan
Where dare you leave Guan Zhong for reuse? Before Shi Bo's words were finished, Duke Zhuang of Lu said, "That's no good! The enemy of Qi Huangong, we will reuse it, and Qi Huangong will not spare us. " Shi Bo said, "Kill him if you don't need him, so Qi doesn't need him." Duke Zhuang of Lu was moved to kill Guan Zhong.
So Bao was sent to Lu's friend to pick up the clock. As soon as he heard that Duke Zhuang of Lu wanted to kill Guan Zhong, he panicked and quickly said to Duke Zhuang of Lu, "Our monarch hates Guan Zhong, and he must kill him himself to get rid of it. You give him to me. " Duke Zhuang of Lu had to hand over Miyako's head and Guan Zhong to the State of Qi.
Guan Zhong arrived at the border of Qi, where Bao had been waiting for a long time. As soon as he saw Guan Zhong, if he got the treasure, he immediately let the prisoner open it, let Guan Zhong come out and return to Linzi together. Bao arranged for Guan Zhong to live in his own home, and then recommended Guan Zhong to come.
Qi Huangong said, "Isn't Guan Zhong the one who shot me with a hook? I still have the arrow he shot! I can't wait to skin him and eat his meat. Do you want me to reuse him? " Bao Shu Ya said, "At that time, everyone was his own master! When Guan Zhong hit you, all he could think about was Gong Zijiu. Moreover, if you really want to make Qiang Bing rich and powerful and establish hegemony, you can't do it without a large number of wise people. " Qi Huangong said, "I've thought about it. Among my ministers, you are the most loyal and capable. I want you to take a picture and help me enrich Qiang Bing. " Bao said, "I am far worse than Guan Zhong. I'm just a cautious and law-abiding courtier. Guan Zhong is a talent for ruling the country and dominating the country! If you value him, he will shoot all over the world for you. Where can I just shoot a hook? "
Seeing that Bao admired Guan Zhong so much, Qi Huangong said, "Then bring him to see me tomorrow." Bao Shu Ya said with a smile, "If you want to get useful talents, you must respect them. How can you call them? " So, Qi Huangong chose a good day, personally went out of the city to meet Guan Zhong, and invited Guan Zhong to join him in his car.
When Guan Zhong arrived at the court, he quickly knelt down and apologized to Qi Huangong. Qi Huangong personally helped Guan Zhong and humbly asked him how to build a prosperous Qiang Bing. Guan Zhong made it clear. The more they talk, the more speculative they are. They talked for three days and nights. It was a brief encounter. Qi Huangong appointed Guan Zhong as Prime Minister.
Ancient records
original text
Close 1, Ying Shang 2 also. I often swim with Bao Shu's teeth, and Bao Shu knows his talent. Guan Zhong was poor and often bullied Uncle Bao, but Uncle Bao finally met him and didn't take it for granted. Bao wrote Qi Gongzi and Guan Zhong wrote Gong Jiu. Xiao Bai made Huan Gong, the son died for a long time, and Guan Zhong was imprisoned. Uncle Bao then went into Guanzhong. Guan Zhong is both useful and political. Qi Huangong is the overlord, pet-name ruby nine princes, a kuangtian attending, guanzhong's plan also.
Guan Zhong said, "When I was in trouble, I tried to share my wealth with Uncle Garbo. Uncle Bao didn't treat me as greedy and knew I was poor. I tried to find a job for Uncle Bao, and I was poorer. Uncle Bao doesn't think I'm stupid, but he knows when it's good or bad. I have tasted three officials and three people, and I am driven by you. Uncle Bao doesn't think I'm evil, but he knows I'm not. I have tasted three wars and three walks, and Uncle Bao is not afraid of me, knowing that I have an old mother. Miyako was defeated for a long time and was called to death. My prisoner was humiliated. Uncle Bao didn't treat me as shameless, knowing that I was not ashamed, but his shame and reputation were not obvious to the world. My parents know buns. " Uncle Bao is in Guanzhong, under him. Shilu's descendants lived in Qi, and there were more than a dozen feudal lords, often famous doctors. There are not many smart people in the world, but Uncle Bao knows many people. Since Guan Zhong became independent, he has lived on the seashore with only a small amount of money, accumulated wealth, enriched Qiang Bing, and shared the joys and dislikes with the people. Therefore, it is said: "The granary knows etiquette, food and clothing know honor and disgrace, and clothes are solid." If the four dimensions don't open, the country will die. Ordering food is like the originality of running water, making it popular. "Therefore, this theory is humble and easy. What the vulgar want, let it go; Vulgar is not, so go.
It is also the government, good every cloud has a silver lining, that turned defeat into victory. Weigh carefully. Huan Gong was really angry with Cai, so Guan Zhong attacked Chu and blamed Mao for not paying tribute. Huan Gong was really good at the Northern Expedition, and Guan Zhong put Yan Xiu in charge of Zhao Gong. At the meeting of Yu Ke, Huan Gong wanted to break the contract, Guan Zhong believed it was true, and the princes returned to Qi. Therefore, it is said that "knowing what it is used for is the treasure of politics."
Guan Zhongfu intends to go to the government, and he has three returns and is buried. Qi people don't think this is luxury. When Guan Zhong died, it was often better for Qi to obey his own government than for princes.
Tai Shigong said: I read the Herdsmen, The Mountain is High, Riding a Horse, Light and Heavy, Nine Rooms and The Spring and Autumn Period of Yan Zi, and I choose my words carefully. Ever since I saw him writing a book and wanted to see him act, I have passed it on. As for his books, there are many in the world, so anyway, tell me his anecdotes.
Guan is a so-called virtuous minister, but Confucius is a villain. Do you think that Zhou Dao is declining and Huan Gong is virtuous, but instead of encouraging him to be king, he is overbearing? As the saying goes, "let it be beautiful, keep it evil, and blind date from top to bottom." What does Guan Zhong mean?
Fang Yanzi cried over the body of the landlord, saluted and left. Is it evil to say, "Being brave is not brave"? As far as his advice is concerned, it is shameful to offend the monarch. What a so-called "faithful thinking will make up for it" person! Although I let Yan Zi play, I was behind the scenes, and I was greatly appreciated.
To annotate ...
⑴ Guan Zhong (723~ 645 BC): Yi Wu, a statesman in the Spring and Autumn Period, was born in Yingshang.
⑵ Ying (yǐng): Ying River, which originated in Henan and flowed into Anhui.
(3) Travel: communication.
(4) Cheating customers: this means that money and goods are not divided, and they account for more.
Step 5 serve.
[6]: Qi Xianggong's younger brother, surnamed Jiang, first name. In 685 BC, Qi Xianggong was killed, and he fought for the throne with another brother Gong Zijiu. Gong Zijiu was killed and Xiaobai ascended the throne as Qi Huangong. (7) prisoner: detained.
(8) promotion: recommendation, recommendation.
Levies levies: In ancient China, "three" and "nine" often meant much truth. The "three" in the following "three officials and three opinions" also refers to "many times"
⑽ Kuang: correction and righting.
⑾ Jia: Doing business, doing business.
⑿ Immortality: Immortality and incompetence.
[13] Encounter: Encounter.
[14] Zhao Hu: Guan Zhong and I were both under Gong Zijiu.
⒂ many: praise.
translate
Guan Zhong, also known as Yi Wu, is a clever man. When he was young, he often interacted with Bao and knew that he was talented. Guan Zhong was born in a poor family and often occupied part of Bao Shu's property, but Bao Shu always treated him well and didn't complain. Later, he served the son of Qi, and Guan Zhong served Gong Zijiu. When Xiaobai was made Duke Huan, Gong Zijiu was killed and Guan Zhong was imprisoned. Bao Shu recommended Guan Zhong to Huan Gong. After Guan Zhong was hired, he took charge of Qi politics, which led to Qi Huangong's hegemony. It is Guan Zhong's strategy to gather many governors to form an alliance and rectify the world. Guan Zhong said, "When I was poor, I often did business with Uncle Bao, and I often got more money by myself. Uncle Bao didn't treat me like a greedy man. He knows I'm poor. I used to work for uncle Bao, but things got worse and worse. Uncle Bao didn't think I was an idiot. He knows that this opportunity is both favorable and unfavorable. He was an official many times and was driven away by the monarch many times. Uncle Bao doesn't treat me like an incompetent person. He knew that I had no luck. I have fought many wars and retreated many times. Uncle Bao doesn't think I am a coward. He knows that my family has an old mother. After Miyako failed to compete for the throne for a long time, my colleague Zhao suddenly committed suicide, and I was locked in a deep prison to drag out an ignoble existence. Uncle Bao didn't think I was shameless. He knows that I will not be ashamed of losing my part, but I am ashamed that my reputation has not appeared in the world. My parents gave birth to me, and Uncle Bao knows me! " After Bao Shu recommended Guan Zhong, he was willing to be under Guan Zhong. His descendants have enjoyed their salaries in Qi for generations, and more than a dozen generations have had fiefs, mostly famous doctors. Therefore, people all over the world do not praise Guan Zhong's talent, but praise Bao Shu's ability to identify talents.
After the reign of Qi, Guan Zhong relied on the geographical conditions of Qi, a small coastal country, to circulate goods and accumulate wealth, making him as rich as an enemy and sharing likes and dislikes with ordinary people. Therefore, he said in the book: "When the granary is full, you will know the etiquette; Eat and wear warm clothes, and you will know the honor and disgrace; The enjoyment of kings has a certain system, and the six relatives are closely linked; If the ethics of propriety, justice and shame are not publicized, the country will perish. Promulgating laws and regulations, such as flowing water from the source, will certainly be in the hearts of the people. " Therefore, his decree is simple and easy, and what most people yearn for is given because of the situation; If ordinary people don't approve, they will follow and change. Guan Zhong is in charge of politics, and he is good at turning disaster into pleasure and failure into success. Pay great attention to the priorities of things and weigh the pros and cons carefully. Duke Huan was very angry with his youngest wife, Cai Ji, so he went south to attack Cai Guo, while Guan Zhong took the opportunity to crusade against Chu and condemned him for not paying tribute to the Zhou royal family. In fact, Huan Gong was good at Northern Expedition, but Guan Zhong took the opportunity to let Yan practice good governance. When Qi and Lu were in the League of Kedi, Huan Gong intended to tear up the signed covenant and return it to Lu, but Guan Zhong insisted on returning it, making Lu believe in Qi, and all the princes in the world joined Qi. Therefore, it is said that "knowing how to pay is to gain, which is the magic weapon for governing the country."
Guan Zhong's wealth can be compared with that of princes and royalty. People in Qi don't think he is extravagant. After Guan Zhong's death, Qi followed his politics and religion and often dominated the princes.
Tai Shigong said: I have read Guan Zi's "Herdsmen", mountain height, riding, weight, nine fu, and Yan Zi's "Spring and Autumn Annals", all of which are written in great detail. I read their books and wanted to examine their deeds, so I wrote their biographies. As for their books, the whole world can see them, so I won't discuss them, just tell some anecdotes about them. The world knows that Guan Zhong is a virtuous minister, but Confucius looks down on him. Do you think that the rule of the Zhou Dynasty has declined, and that Huan Gong is a wise monarch, but Guan Zhong did not encourage him to practice kingcraft, but helped him to dominate? "The Book of Filial Piety" says: "Be obedient and promote virtue, correct evil, and the monarch and the minister are attached." Isn't this Guan Zhong?
When Yan Zifu hanged Zhuang Gong's body in tears and left after the courtiers' ceremony, was this the person who said, "If you don't do everything, you will have no courage"? As for his resistance and dissuasion, it offended the monarch's face. This is the person who said in the Book of Filial Piety that "you should be loyal when you are in power and consider making up for it when you are in opposition"!