In order to attract attention, many unscrupulous media tampered with this incident until the end of the Ming Dynasty. The topic of "abnormal phenomena in the late Ming Dynasty" seems to be very popular, but it is really ugly to fabricate news for a few dollars. I have an attitude towards this-you are really a group of hopeless XXX!
Aurora is not in the polar regions.
Ok, back to the topic, what is this phenomenon?
Nothing, only the aurora. If you want a little petty bourgeoisie, you can also call it "Aurora".
Waiting ... What's wrong? Why is there an aurora in the northeast?
Yes, under normal circumstances, of course, there can be no aurora, so this is an abnormal extreme natural phenomenon called solar storm. If a solar storm accidentally hits the earth, it will become a geomagnetic storm.
What the hell is this? In fact, it comes from an abnormal energy burst in the sun.
We know that the sun is a huge gas planet, and its core is undergoing fusion, but this is only a small part of what we know about the sun. Just like the saying "the sun will rise as usual every day", we usually default that the sun is an eternal, stable and perfect celestial body.
But this is not the case. People find that sometimes there are some black spots on the sun through observation. Sunspots are often larger than the earth, but only because the temperature is lower than the average, about 4000℃ (the average temperature is about 6000℃).
Why are there areas with lower temperatures? Of course, due to uneven heating, there is a huge undercurrent of energy under the "calm" surface of the sun, and the high-temperature and high-pressure substances inside it convect wildly, and the sunspots on the surface are like eddies in the undercurrent on the sea.
The energy that sunspots can't get accumulates in the sun, erupts at a certain time and spreads to the whole solar system. This phenomenon is called solar storm.
What's in the solar storm? There are three main components-electromagnetic radiation, high-energy charged particle flow and plasma cloud.
Electromagnetic radiation is electromagnetic wave, but it is particularly strong enough to produce the level of ionizing radiation.
High-energy charged particles are mainly hydrogen nuclei, helium nuclei and electrons. They are said to be high energy because their speed is amazing, up to 200-800 km/s.
Plasma cloud is an air mass composed of free hydrogen and helium, which is activated at extremely high temperature. Unlike the above, hydrogen and helium do not decompose into particles. This is the most powerful and destructive phenomenon in solar storms. Because it is equivalent to the sun directly ejecting a part of itself, and because its density is much larger than the first two, it carries much more magnetic field energy.
What will the solar storm bring to the earth
Smaller solar winds often occur, but generally do not affect the earth.
First of all, because the earth is too small and the direction of solar storms is relatively concentrated, it is generally not so clever to spray on the earth.
Secondly, the earth has a geomagnetic field, and charged particles will deflect in the magnetic field, so the general solar wind will be "dumped" to one side by the geomagnetic field. A small amount of charged particles at the two poles of the earth will stir the atmosphere and make gas molecules enter an "energized" state. When gas molecules release energy, they will become light, which is aurora.
But solar storms are different. It has a very powerful plasma cloud, which will greatly squeeze the geomagnetic field and make the magnetosphere compress and deform. And usually carries a magnetic field rotating in the north-south direction. When the magnetic field turns to the south and interacts with the geomagnetic field, the energy of the plasma cloud will be injected into the earth from the poles, which will cause abnormal changing current in the earth's near-earth atmosphere, and the changing current will produce a changing magnetic field, so there will be a very violent magnetic field change on the earth's surface, that is, a "magnetic storm."
This intense magnetic field will cause abnormal current to all electrical appliances, and will also stimulate atmospheric molecules to glow, which will cause great damage to satellites, substations and various electrical appliances.
At present, the largest recorded magnetic storm was discovered by astronomy enthusiast Carrington when observing sunspots in the morning of September 1859. 17 half an hour later, the magnetometer pointer jumped out of the calibration range due to the super geomagnetic intensity. Almost at the same time, telegraph operators in various telegraph offices reported that their machines were sparking and even the wires were melted. Moreover, on this night, the colorful northern lights in the sky spread southward to Cuba and Hawaii.
And if the event of 1770 is really like the historical records, it may be the strongest solar storm in history, because it lasted for 9 days, and it is estimated that the intensity of the storm in carrington event is 3% to 10%!
Of course, because there was no dependence on electrical appliances at that time, people had no influence except to see the red light. If it happens now, the consequences will be unimaginable.
I am Mr. Qiu Zhiyu, a scientific author without a manuscript. Welcome attention!