zhé ji ào fǎ
This is the basic method for proofreading and reviewing text errors, similarities and differences in the production and printing process of official documents.
1. The so-called proofreading method refers to the method of using various different versions of the same book to check each other. Chen Yuan said in his "Annotations on Collation": "The corrector is to read the original version of the same book against the other copies. If there are differences, he will note them next to them." The "purpose of the corrective method" is Examine similarities and differences, but not right and wrong.”
The proofreading method, also known as "edition proofreading", is the most basic proofreading method. It is based on an extensive collection of different versions of the same book, and then selecting a version with fewer errors as the base. How to use other versions for proofreading.
The main purpose of the proofreading method is to check similarities and differences, not right and wrong, so its shortcoming is that it is irresponsible. Although the main version or other versions have errors, it is recorded according to the style, and its advantage is that it does not refer to It is my opinion that by obtaining this school version, we can know the true nature of the ancestor version or other versions. Therefore, when correcting a book, you must first use the proofreading method, and then use other proofreading methods.
Proofing methods include the following methods:
Point proofing: Place the original manuscript above or to the left of the proof. Read the original manuscript first, then the proofs, and proofread them word for word.
Parallel proofreading: After folding the original manuscript, overlay it on the text or graphics that need to be proofread and proofread.
Folding and proofreading: Place the proof on the table, then hold a page of the manuscript between the fingers of both hands and press it on the proof, and align the words on the original with the words in the corresponding positions on the proof to proofread word for word.
Proofreading: A proofreading method in which two or more people collaborate, that is, one person reads the manuscript aloud, and the other (or two people) compares the proofs and corrects the errors in the proofs.
Another reminder: In actual work, when reprinting documents and materials, the point proofreading method is usually used more often.
The daily production of official documents mainly uses the reading and proofreading method, and the folding and proofreading method is more common. The folding method can avoid a person's "inertial thinking" when reading the same text, which often leads to associative jumps due to previous deep impressions, resulting in errors and omissions in the proofreading process. Collapsing technology
Coloring: Proofreading terminology. Also known as "comparison school". The method of placing the original on the table, holding the proof between the thumb, index finger and middle finger of both hands, and folding it line by line to correspond to the original is called folding and proofreading. If the original is more complex or the changes are messy, you can move the proof up or down to correspond. When you have reached the end of a line in the proof, you can use your thumb and middle finger to push the proof forward (without leaving the original). When correcting errors in the proof, hold the proof in your left hand and the pen in your right hand to correct the errors.
Advantages: The folding speed is fast and it is not easy to miss words.
Disadvantages: The visual focus of the proofreader often moves between the original manuscript and the proof. When the visual focus is on the original manuscript, errors and omissions in the proof cannot be found and are left to the next proofreading or new book.
Color proofing technology
Color proofing: the original is placed on the left and the proof is placed on the right. Read the original manuscript first, then proofread it. The index finger of the left hand points to the text to be proofread on the manuscript, and the pen is held in the right hand, moving along the corresponding words on the proof sheet, and when encountering typos (or corrections). Feel free to annotate proofs with proofreading symbols or text. Pay special attention to proofreading the original text word by word, sentence by sentence, and punctuation by punctuation, and combine reading, reading, and thinking. The eyes should pause on each word and symbol, and should not pass by. At the same time, read the sentences silently and rhythmically, and let the brain react. Avoid reading and newspaper-style proofreading. It is suitable for manuscripts that have undergone major changes, or where the manuscript and the proof are inconsistent.
Advantages: The speed of silently reading proofs is slightly slower than reading the original manuscript. If there are errors, it is easier to find them to ensure that no corrections are missed.
Parallel proofreading technology
Parallel proofreading: After folding the original, it is overlaid on the text or graphics that need to be proofread for proofreading. Proofreading technology
Proofreading is a collaboration between two people. One person reads the original text aloud, and the other person looks at the proofs to check and correct. Readers should speak clearly and clearly, and proofreaders should avoid missing lines. It is suitable for manuscripts whose original copy is relatively clear, the content is relatively simple, and the format is not too complex.
Reading and checking technology
Reading and checking: Also known as final proofreading, it is based on the "three proofreadings" and separates from the original manuscript and reads through the proofs in order to finally check for errors and correct omissions. "Reading through" no longer proofreads word for word according to the original manuscript, but reads the proofs separately from the original manuscript. The read-through has the characteristics of globality and unity, and the requirements are stricter and more detailed than those of the first three schools. Therefore, the speed of the read-through should be slower and a certain amount of thinking time should be left. In this way, there are usually errors in the original manuscript or mistakes in the manuscript. Problems that were not easily discovered during the first few proofreadings can be found during the thorough reading.
Disadvantages: Its proofreading speed is as fast as reading proofreading, but it is prone to typos and mark format errors. Integration of editing and proofreading
Integrated editing and proofreading: that is, editing, processing and proofreading are completed independently by the editor. The editor has great freedom in the arrangement of the proofreading process and time, and can decide how to edit, process and proofread according to the specific situation. Proofreading.
Advantages: The integration of editing and proofreading is conducive to giving full play to the editor's professional knowledge advantages; the integration of editing and proofreading is conducive to improving the original manuscript and improving the quality of publications; the integration of editing and proofreading is conducive to the editor's continuous enrichment of sensory stimulation and accumulation of editing experience.
Disadvantages: 1. Fixed mindset, practice makes mistakes; 2. Role differences lead to an increase in proofreading errors; 3. Individual knowledge limitations make it more difficult to proofread right from wrong.
The division of editing and proofreading
The division of editing and proofreading means that when publishing production gradually forms a scale, editing and proofreading also move towards a division of labor. It is an inevitable product of the development of publishing productivity and an important part of publishing production. Intensification is a manifestation of historical progress. The separation of editing and proofreading has promoted the development of proofreading technology, promoted the improvement of proofreading management, and also created modern proofreading talents. Modern proofreading technologies such as point proofreading, folding proofreading, checking, sorting, and the application of proofreading software are all developments of ancient proofreading technology; modern proofreading management combines three schools and one reading, collective cross-over and responsible proofreading, A series of systems such as the combination of diversification and specialization of proofreading subjects, the combination of people and institutions, proofreading and editing, quota management and quantitative quality management are unprecedented in ancient schools.