Su Jiao Edition Teaching Plan "Preface to Sending Ma Sheng to Dongyang" (1)
Teaching objectives
1. Learn from the ancients' spirit of concentrating on learning and self-motivation.
2. Master some real words and function words in the text? With what? The usage of.
3. Master the writing technique of contrast.
Emphasis and difficulty in teaching
1. Master the writing skills of expressing opinions through comparison.
2. Understanding of inverted sentences and ellipsis sentences.
Teaching preparation
Students use reference books to read correct pronunciation and master the content of the article in general.
Design concept
The words in this article are not difficult, except for some key words, others are easy to understand. This article is clear in thinking. At the beginning? Indulge in learning? Then around this central word, layer by layer, in contrast, point out the attitude and spirit of learning. In teaching, students can be guided to master key words and sentences on the basis of reading the full text and overall perception, and then, from word understanding to content understanding, grasp the central point of the article and understand the author's thoughts and feelings. In teaching, we should read the whole article and promote the understanding of the article through reading.
teaching process
First, the introduction of new courses.
As the saying goes:? Since ancient times, great men have suffered a lot and have never been too handsome. ? Mencius also said:? If my husband wants to be a great man in Sri Lanka, he must first suffer from thoughts, exercise his bones and muscles, starve his body, empty his body and act indiscriminately. ? All these show that suffering is not all bad. As long as we are good at turning suffering into motivation, suffering will become a stepping stone to success. Today we are going to learn Song Lian's Preface to Send Ma Sheng to Yang. (Title of blackboard text. )
Second, introduce the author and works.
Introduce the author.
(Students introduce themselves and the teacher supplements. )
He was the main founder of the Ming Dynasty and a writer in the early Ming Dynasty. When he was young, he was educated by ancient writers such as Wu Lai, Liu Guan and Jin at the end of Yuan Dynasty. From nine years in Yuan Dynasty to Zheng Zheng, he was called to edit imperial academy. Because of his age, he lived in seclusion in Longmen Mountain, writing books and saying things. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, he was recruited as a Confucian scholar in the south of the Yangtze River and asked to give lectures to the Prince and compile a history of the Yuan Dynasty. He was appointed a bachelor's degree in the Royal College.
He wrote most of the important documents of the imperial court, the Patent. Resign in old age. Later, due to the crimes committed by his eldest grandson Song Shen, he was exiled to Sichuan and died on the road. He, Liu Ji and Gao Qi are great poets in the third day of Ming Dynasty. He is the author of Song Shixue's Collection.
one
2. Introduce the stylistic features of this article.
This article is the preface, in which? Order? , not? Foreword? , but? Leave a message The meaning of. Preface, as the genre of the article, can be divided into book preface and ritual preface. Preface is equivalent to preface and postscript, which generally introduces the author's life, or the process and purpose of writing a book, and provides certain reference materials or necessary guidance for reading and evaluating works. However, the Preface to Gifts is different from the Preface to Books, which began in the Tang Dynasty. Scholars exchange words to express some thoughts and feelings when they leave, often because people put forward arguments and clarify some viewpoints, which is equivalent to argumentative writing.
Third, read through the full text and dredge the pronunciation of difficult words.
Ask students to pay attention to the pronunciation of the following words:
Addicted to learning
Idle (dai4)
Kouwen
Qixiu (qi3) IV. Students can read the full text freely and get a preliminary understanding of the text. Fifth, study the text.
1. Say the students' names to read aloud.
2. Students discuss the translated sentences in groups.
3. Teachers guide students to master the following words or phrases.
(1) Yu liked studying when he was young: I liked reading since I was a child.
(2) Fu Zhi is lazy: the pronoun of a negative sentence is a prepositional object. Chi: refers to copying books.
(3) Master: Master, a title of respect for scholars.
(4) Xianda: a senior with status and prestige. According to relevant information, this may refer to gold.
(5) I have never lost my words: I have always been serious. Words: language and face.
(6) The quality of aid query: help query and ask questions; Quality, questioning truth.
(7) Gai language is hard to learn: Gai, the first sentence. I usually do this when I study hard.
4. Think and explore.
(1) What is the central meaning of this article? Please summarize it briefly.
(2) How does the article write about the hard conditions when studying? Please quote the key words or sentences in the original text to answer.
(3) The author wrote about the extremely difficult conditions when studying. what is the purpose?
(4) According to the text, describe the author's school life in his own words.
(Students discuss in groups. )
Key points:
(1) tells the author's own learning difficulties and his efforts.
(2) It is mainly reflected in borrowing and copying books, poor food and clothing, simple life, and arduous trekking. The main statement is as follows:
(1) Borrow one library at a time, record it by hand, and count the day to the day. (2) The inkstone is hard and the fingers can't bend and stretch. (3) poor winter wind, snow several feet deep, chapped skin and I don't know. (4) The rest are covered with cotton gowns and clothes.
(3) The author believes that diligence and hardship are two interrelated aspects. With subjective diligence, all difficulties can be overcome. This is the fundamental reason for success in learning.
(4) Ask students to describe. First, check the students' understanding of the text. In order to describe it accurately, we must understand the exact meaning of the sentence and then describe it in vivid language. The second is to let students understand the author's learning difficulties, so as to feel the happiness of their own learning. Sixth, understand the basic characteristics of article writing.
This paper focuses on the natural combination of narration, description and discussion in writing.
This paper is mainly narrative and concise. Some places have been properly rendered and described, making the article more literary, vivid and concrete. For example, I wrote a scene of asking for advice from a famous teacher from a hundred miles away, and I wrote about the surrounding environment. Did you write it? Xianda? Performance, wrote his humility when asking for advice. The text is concise, but the characters look lifelike on the paper. Another example is the difficulty in writing on the road, a few words, and the modality is complete. When writing about the luxurious clothes of my roommates, I used the method of detail description, which set off the author's simplicity and hardship.
Seven, expand the inquiry
The author comes from a poor family, loves learning and is willing to forget his worries. He was too respectful to speak in front of the teacher. How should contemporary middle school students view this learning attitude and respect for teachers? Write a speech material and communicate in the next class.
Eight, homework
1. Finished? Explore? .
2. Recite the text. Information link 1. About what? Order?
When the ancients bid farewell, they often gave each other poems, and sometimes they prefaced these poems and introduced the situation. After the early Tang Dynasty, articles written separately as parting words were also called prefaces, which mostly encouraged, comforted, expressed their feelings, or expressed their opinions on something. Gift order? (What else? Book order? Not the same). This article is a preface written by Song Lian, a famous scholar in Ming Dynasty. The preface we learned is the preface of a book, written in the front or back of the book, explaining the process and background.
Second, prose in the early Ming Dynasty
Most of the essayists in the early Ming Dynasty experienced social unrest and had a deep understanding of the rise and fall of chaos, so their works were closer to reality. The main representative writers in this period are Song Lian, Liu Ji and Fang Xiaoru.
Song Lian is? The head of the founding civil servant? . He advocated that prose should be used by Ming Dow, and should learn from the classics, emphasizing? Resign? , pay attention? General change? , requirements? What do you feel about? As for writing, his prose is more substantial and has certain artistic skills. Liu Ji is both a poet and a poet. Prose is good at argument, simple and bold in style, sharp and vigorous, full of images, such as Yu Li's words and the official words. Fang Xiaoru, a student of Song Lian, inherited the literary tradition and orthodoxy of the Song Dynasty and has his own unique style. His prose is vigorous and bold, sharp and pungent, such as mosquito pairs and finger metaphors.
Su Jiao Edition "Preface to seeing Ma Sheng off to Yang" teaching plan (2)
First, a brief analysis of teaching materials:
The preface to seeing Ma Sheng off to Dongyang is the fifth text in Unit 4 of the first volume of the eighth grade of Shandong Education Publishing House. The articles selected in this unit have various topics and rich contents. Or writing landscapes, or writing images, or chanting history, or expressing the interest of life, or showing the friendship between relatives and friends, all of which are saturated with the author's profound understanding and deep thinking about nature, society and life. This paper focuses on the hard experience of studying when he was young, so as to encourage Ma Sheng to concentrate on his studies, study hard and make a difference in the future. The article is calm, sincere and touching.
Second, the analysis of learning situation: this article is relatively long, and it is difficult for students to recite, and some sentences are also difficult to analyze. Students should be arranged in advance to strengthen preview.
Three. Teaching objectives: According to the new curriculum standards, the content of this course and the teaching requirements of this unit, the following teaching objectives are formulated:
1, knowledge and ability objectives:
(1) Read the text, master and accumulate some function words and content words in classical Chinese, and cultivate the reading ability of ancient Chinese.
(2) Learn the contrast techniques used in this paper and their expressive effects.
2, process and method:
Read the text repeatedly and understand the main content of the article in the process of autonomy, cooperation and inquiry.
3, emotional attitudes and values:
Experience the author's fighting spirit and motivate yourself to study hard.
Fourth, teaching focus: read the text, master and accumulate some function words and content words in classical Chinese, and cultivate the reading ability of ancient Chinese.
Learn the contrast skills used in this article and their expressive effects.
5. Difficulties in teaching: Understand how the author encourages Ma Sheng with his own experience.
Teaching rules: reading aloud, independent cooperation and exploration.
Seven. Teaching arrangement: three class hours
first kind
Teaching objectives: read the text correctly and smoothly, and understand the main idea of the article;
Can you translate it accurately? School experience? A layer of original text.
Teaching process:
Let's get to the point and write a book on the blackboard with the author.
Second, introduce the author and stylistic features.
1. Let the students briefly talk about the author's works they have reviewed, and the teacher will revise and supplement them appropriately.
Collected works of scholars
2. About what? Order?
Ancient times? Order? There are two kinds: one is the introduction and comment on the preface of the article; The first is the order of parting words. This article belongs to the preface.
Preface to seeing Ma Sheng off in Dongyang is the author's farewell message to Ma Sheng, a fellow countryman who returned from school. This is a gift order, which is different from an introduction and evaluation order.
Third, read the text aloud.
1, teacher's template reading. Please pay attention to the pause of the marked words. The teacher wrote the new words on the blackboard and asked the students to write them with phonetic notation. Final version.
(1) Pronunciation:
Indulge in (sh? ) learn inkstone (y? N) than (y? ) about (ch? ) duh (du not) one (s? )
Negative (gas? ) drag (y? )(xǐ)(jūn)(yěng)(y？ ) but holding Tang wo (w? ) fill in (qοon) embrace (qǐ) embroidery (y? Robes and clothes
Multi-tone words: let smelly (xi? ) Duguan (guān) stiff (J? Ng) eat again (s? )
Common words: four stiff branches-limbs? Limbs?
They are all embroidered with quilts-draped? Wear?
(2) Pause:
For example, is it a person? The rest are supplemented by more books.
Yu's career? Read all the books.
From where? New arrival in the countryside/interpretation of classics
Those who enjoy it.
Gaiyu's diligence and hardship; If it is.
2. Students are free to read aloud at least twice, which requires accuracy and fluency.
3. Read the name out loud.
4. Read aloud in groups.
Read the text silently and dredge the main idea according to the notes under the book. After three minutes, please raise your hand to make a summary answer. Teachers should revise and encourage them.
Five, group cooperation translation. (From the beginning? I have to read a lot? )
First, translate the notes and mark the difficulties. After three minutes, the group discussed and solved each other. About three minutes, the whole class exchanges and the teacher comments and summarizes.
(1) Key real function words: mainly under the book,
Every: often. Yu: Item. Reason: Therefore, yes.
(2) Flexible words:
Transcript: copy with a pen. (noun as adverbial)
(3) Polysemous words:
There is no way to read (come)
Pay back the money by the day. And then what? )
So many people spend their spare time with books (before: so. After: release)
Idle (refers to copying books)
Bookstore (of)
Send away (on behalf of borrowing books)
(4) Omitting key sentences
Sixth, summarize after reading the text together.
Summarize and consolidate the main contents of this lesson. It can be summarized by the teacher or the students themselves.
Seven, homework:
1, copy the original text and read it carefully.
2. Put the translated notes in order and memorize them.
Write on the blackboard (from left to right)
Send dongyang horse
Song Lian
First, pronunciation:
Indulge in (sh? ) learn inkstone (y? N) than (y? ) about (ch? ) duh (du not) one (s? )
Negative (gas? ) drag (y? )(xǐ)(jūn)(yěng)(y？ ) but holding Tang wo (w? ) fill in (qοon) embrace (qǐ) embroidery (y? Robes and clothes
Smelly (xi? ) Duguan (guān) stiff (J? Ng) eat again (s? )
Second, translation.
(1) Common word: branch-limb? Limbs?
Put it on. Wear?
(2) Flexible words:
Pen: use a pen (noun as adverbial)
(3) Polysemous words:
come
Equivalent to a conjunction? And then what? Refers to copying books.
Therefore,
Books borrowed on behalf of others
Second lesson
Teaching objectives: reading the text, translating the text, mastering and accumulating some function words and content words in classical Chinese,
Teaching process:
First, check and review:
1, dictation of students' words and literary knowledge (omitted)
2. Check the reading text.
Second, read the text together.
Third, learn the first paragraph? All crowned to the end of the paragraph? .
1. Students read the book first, understand the notes of the first paragraph, and then ask and answer questions after three minutes.
2. Add the following comments:
Both, interests, tastes, first come, die, or, to.
3. Cooperative translation in groups. After three minutes, the whole class communicated, and the teacher emphasized the key sentences. For example:
Also suffering from no master, no celebrity, no tour.
Or the more respectful and polite he is when he scolds, the more afraid he is to say a word.
Fourth, learn the second paragraph.
1. Read the text all your life. Other students should pay attention to find out the common words and polysemy in this passage.
For example, interchangeable words are abbreviated.
Polysemous words: first, equal
2. Solve the meaning of the above words. Clear:
Yu Zhi is a teacher (auxiliary words are not translated).
The white jade ring is full of joy (because)
3. Cooperative translation. Ask for word for word. Talk to the class in six minutes. The teacher made clear the following key statements:
When he was a teacher, he dragged himself into the deep mountains and valleys.
Embrace it with a blanket and it will be calm for a long time. Stay in a hotel and eat two meals a day, without fresh fat and delicious enjoyment.
Waist ring white jade
People who enjoy it are not like men.
Gaiyu's diligence and hardship are like this.
4. Read this article together and understand the main content.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) is summarized by the teacher.
Summarize and consolidate the main knowledge points of this lesson.
6. Students should read the text by themselves, and read it quickly and well, so as to reach the point of reciting.
Seven, read the full text together.
Eight, homework:
Translate the text, understand and recite the text.
Blackboard writing:
Send dongyang horse
Song Lian
(1) Common word: direct sum quilt
(2) Flexible words:
Pen: Nouns as adverbials? With a pen? Waist: Nouns as verbs? Waist hanging?
(3) Polysemous words:
come
Equivalent to a conjunction? And then what? Reference a book to copy it.
therefore
Give books borrowed by others to others
No auxiliary words for translation
because
The third category
Teaching objectives
Understand the content of the article, strengthen reciting, and appreciate the author's spirit of hard study;
Learn the contrast skills used in this article and their expressive effects.
Teaching process:
First, check and review.
Oral translation and recitation of texts.
Second, watch the full-text tutorial together.
This text is the author's farewell message to fellow villagers. Sincere and persuasive. Now let's see how the author encouraged Ma Sheng to study hard with his own personal experience.
Third, think about reading the text quickly:
From which two aspects did the author write about his learning experience? And please briefly describe the structure of the article.
Three minutes to answer freely. The teacher explicitly revised:
Mainly wrote their own learning process and learning attitude. At the beginning, the author pointed out the contradictions that are difficult to solve in learning, which led to the difficulties in learning and his attitude in learning. Hard work is hard? Summarize your study career.
Fourth, cooperative exploration:
1, read the text quickly and use the original text to talk about what difficulties the author encountered in the process of learning, how to overcome them and why?
2. Where are the contrast techniques used in the text? What is its function?
Give the students three minutes to think independently about the above questions, and then communicate with each other in groups to prepare for class communication. Finally the teacher made it clear.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) makes clear the above answer:
1. The significance of designing this problem lies in the requirement of reciting, from which four difficulties can be summarized, namely? No book is difficult, no teacher is difficult, learning is difficult, and life is difficult? . Especially the last question? Why he can do this can be based on the original text, as long as he understands.
2. If the first paragraph begins with comparison, are you addicted to learning? With what? Poor family? This sharp contradiction is intended to depict that the author can overcome difficulties and be diligent and eager to learn. The second paragraph is about the hardships of learning. Writing about poverty at home, road risks, food, clothing, housing and transportation all means one thing? Bitter? Words, the purpose is to contrast with roommates, but also to show that although their appearance is bitter, their hearts are happy. In contrast, we encourage Ma Sheng through positive education.
Sixth, expand and upgrade:
What ancient texts have you learned to persuade students to learn? Give examples to illustrate the differences between this article and this article in writing.
Clear:
In order to learn, the story illustrates a truth: everything depends on people's efforts.
Sun Quan's persuasion takes dialogue as the main means to portray characters, and encourages Lv Meng to learn in a tone of persuasion.
The preface to seeing Ma Sheng off in Dongyang was written by the author according to his own personal experience and feelings. This is serious and sincere, which not only makes people feel cordial, but also educates Ma Sheng positively.
Seven, recite the text, consolidate understanding.
Eight, homework:
Continue to recite the original text and do "learn from you" to deepen your understanding.
Blackboard design:
Send dongyang horse