Many ancient books in China, such as Historical Records, Shangshu, Book of Rites, Huainanzi, Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals, Lun Heng, Chu Ci and so on, all have legends and records about "tiptoe". In remote ancient times, Jiaonan has always been a land of "desolation" and "suburb (outside)" in people's imagination because of its "long road and deep mountains and rivers". Later, people learned more and more about the situation there through continuous exploration (for example, "hunting in the south" is actually to open up a passage). Legends and records tell people that as early as the Western Zhou Dynasty, the Central Plains had direct or indirect contact with the South.
After Qin Shihuang unified China, the system of "sealing governors, building governors and defending them" was completely abolished, and the county system was implemented throughout the country. In 2 14 BC, there were three counties in the south of Qinpingling, namely Guilin, Nanhai and Xiang Jun, among which Xiang Jun included parts of north-central Vietnam and southwest Guangxi. Since then, Xiangxiang County has been officially listed in the China edition, and it has changed from "inside and outside China" to "inside China".
At the end of the Qin dynasty, there was chaos in the world. Zhao Tuo, originally the commander-in-chief of Longchuan County in Nanhai County, later served as the commander-in-chief of Nanhai County. In 207 BC, he merged with the three counties, became independent, and established the country of South Vietnam, calling himself the "King of South Vietnam". In BC 196, Liu Bang, Emperor Gaozu, made Zhao Tuo the king of South Vietnam to win over Zhao Tuo. The more successful Zhao Tuo is, the more people there live and work in peace and contentment, which is praised by historians.
In the autumn of the fifth year of the Han Dynasty (BC 1 12) (the first year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty), Emperor Wu sent general Lü bode and shipbuilding general yangfu to attack South Vietnam in four directions with 65,438+10,000 sailors, and set up troops in Danēr in the second year. Nanhai, Hepu, Cangwu, Yulin, Jiaodong, Jiuzhen and Rinan counties. Among them, Jiaozhi County is located in Hanoi, Vietnam, and governs 10 counties; Jiuzhen County governs seven counties in Qinghua, Hejing and Yi 'an areas. Rinan county is at the southernmost tip, with five counties under its jurisdiction. The county is roughly equivalent to a tribe of the original Lu Yue people, and it is still managed by tribal leaders. The area under the jurisdiction of these three counties is roughly equivalent to the northern and central parts of Vietnam today. In order to strengthen the rule, the Han court also set up a toe-crossing department above the nine counties and appointed the secretariat to govern.
The administrative pattern and economic and cultural development trend of Jiaozhi, Jiuzhen and Rinan counties have all prepared for the formation of Vietnam's national territory, the establishment of the dynasty and the development of society. At that time, due to the convenient land and water transportation, the three counties had frequent economic ties and cultural exchanges with today's Guangdong and Guangxi regions and the mainland. At the same time, the three counties were also the key points of maritime traffic between Han Dynasty and Southeast Asian and West Asian countries, especially Rinan County, which was the window of foreign trade in Han Dynasty.
During the Three Kingdoms period, Jiaozhi, Jiuzhen and Rinan counties belonged to Jiaozhou; In the Tang Dynasty, the organizational system of Jiaozhou changed frequently, with the governor's office first and then the governor's office. In 679 AD, Annan was appointed as the government capital and was appointed as the capital guard. There are several states under it, which are managed by the Secretariat. Since then, Tang also set up an economic envoy in Annan to rule the region.
In the second half of the 9th century, the Huang Chao Uprising dealt a fatal blow to the decadent Tang Dynasty. /kloc-Although the uprising in 0/0 failed, the rule of the Tang Dynasty had collapsed and existed in name only. In this case, its rule in Vietnam is naturally difficult to maintain. In 906 AD, the Vietnamese feudal Lord th?ad?(KHúc hawaz) came to power, and the Tang Dynasty had to admit the fait accompli and appoint him as our envoy. After Qu Hao, the son of King Th?a D?'s, inherited our times, he redefined the amount of land rent, exempted farmers from labor, and established his own army. This means that since then, the autonomous regime of the Vietnamese nation has been established.
During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, China's feudal ruling power was further weakened. In 939 AD, Wu Quan, the representative of the feudal main class in Vietnam, took Aizhou (now Qinghua Province) as the base and became king on his own. The new regime was unstable at the beginning. From the middle of 12 century to the beginning of10/century, it experienced the Twelve Commandments Rebellion (from 944 to 968, there were 12 feudal lords fighting with each other, which was called "Twelve Commandments Rebellion" in history), 98 1 year and 98/year. From 65438 to 0009, a new dynasty, the Li Dynasty, was established in Le Tai, and its regime tended to be consolidated.
In 975 AD, the Northern Song Dynasty imperial court named the King of Yue at that time as the King of Jiaodi County. In 997 AD, the Song Dynasty established Li Huan as the king of Nanping; 1 164, the Song Dynasty "specially gave the name of (Vietnam) Annan" and named the then King of Vietnam as the King of Annan. Historians believe that the founding of Annan marks the end of Vietnam's "internal" (or "northern") period and the official start of state-to-state relations between China and Vietnam. In fact, in the hundreds of years before 1884 became a French colony, the Vietnamese feudal dynasty maintained the suzerain-vassal relationship and suzerain relationship with China.
1802 (the seventh year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty and the first year of Jialong in Ruan Dynasty), Nguyn Phuc Anh, President of South Vietnam, sent an envoy to the Qing court to ask for a seal, "and please change the country name to South Vietnam". The Qing court finally issued a decree, agreeing to name the country "Vietnam" and canonize Nguyn Phuc Anh as the king of Vietnam. The name Vietnam has been used to this day.