2 English reference sagittarius [Landau Chinese-English Dictionary]
Epimedium [Landau Chinese-English Dictionary]
Epimedium [Xiangya Medical Dictionary]
Epimedium [Xiangya Medical Dictionary]
Epimedium [Xiangya Medical Dictionary]
Epimedium [2 1 century bilingual dictionary of science and technology]
Committee on terminology of traditional Chinese medicine. Terminology of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2004)]
Epimedium [Committee on Terminology of Traditional Chinese Medicine]. Terminology of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2004)]
3 Overview of Epimedium
Epimedium is the name of traditional Chinese medicine, which is recorded in Shennong Herbal Classic. It's epimedium. Epimedium sagittatum (sieb。 et zucc。 ) motto. Epimedium pubescens , the dry aerial parts of Epimedium wushanense or Epimedium koreanum [1].
Pharmacopoeia of People's Republic of China (PRC) (20 10 edition) records the pharmacopoeia standard of this Chinese medicine.
4. Latin scientific name Epimedium (La) (Chinese Medicine Terminology (2004))
5 English name Epimedium (Chinese Medicine Terminology (2004))
Epimedium brevicornum
Epimedium is also known as Epimedium, Three-branch Nine-leaf Grass, and Sheep Hinge Leaf.
Herba Epimedii, Herba Lysimachiae Christinae, Clover and Horn Flower [2].
7. Epimedium belonging to Berberidaceae is Epimedium. Epimedium sagittatum Etzucc。 ) motto. Epimedium pubescens , the dry aerial parts of Epimedium wushanense or Epimedium koreanum [1].
Epimedium is the whole grass of Epimedium sagittatum. Etzucc。 ) motto. Or epimedium. Berberidaceae.
Epimedium is the aerial part of Epimedium. Etzucc。 ) motto. Epimedium sagittatum of Polygonaceae. Eucalyptus brevicornus Eucalyptus tomentosa It belongs to the same genus as Michelia koreana.
The original plant is a perennial herb with a height of 30 ~ 50 cm. Rhizomes are creeping, nodular, hard, dark brown and have many fine roots. Basal leaves1~ 3,3 have compound leaves and slender petioles; Leaflets are ovoid to ovate-lanceolate, leathery, 4 ~ 9 cm long and 2.5 ~ 5 cm wide, with acute or tapering apex, deep heart-shaped base, fine bristles at the edge, asymmetric leaflets at the base, sharp ears on the outside and bristles or fine hairs on the underside; Cauline leaves 1 ~ 2. Racemes or lower branches form panicles, and floral axis and flower branches are glabrous or covered with a few glandular hairs; Flower diameter 6 ~ 8 mm; Sepals 8, outer wheel 4, with purple spots, easy to fall off, inner wheel larger, white; Petals 4, saccate, spur or absent. Fruit ovoid, persistent style with short beak. The flowering period is February-March, and the fruiting period is April-May.
Born under the bamboo forest in Shan Ye, in the crevice of mountain road.
9 Origin Epimedium is mainly produced in Shaanxi, Shanxi, Hubei, Sichuan and Guangxi [2].
10 harvesting and primary processing When the stems are vigorous in summer and autumn, cut them, remove thick stems and impurities, and dry them in the sun or in the shade.
1 1 Epimedium is pungent, sweet and warm; Into the liver and kidney meridian [2].
Efficacy and indications of Herba Epimedii 12 Herba Epimedii has the effects of tonifying kidney-yang, strengthening pelvis, expelling wind and removing dampness, and can be used for impotence, nocturnal emission, pelvic flaccidity, rheumatic numbness and contracture, and climacteric hypertension.
Epimedium has the effects of warming kidney, supporting yang, expelling wind and removing dampness, and can be used to treat impotence, premature ejaculation, soreness of waist and knees, cold limbs, fatigue, amnesia, chronic bronchitis, arthralgia due to wind-cold and dampness, and numbness of limbs. It also treats climacteric hypertension, coronary heart disease, viral myocarditis, neurasthenia and polio [2].
Epimedium is a commonly used medicine for tonifying yang in ophthalmology, which has the effects of tonifying yang and nourishing yin, expelling wind and removing dampness;
(1) is used to treat visual edema and exudation caused by liver and kidney deficiency, blurred vision, easy color deformation, cloudy eyes, liquefied ointment, etc. It is often used with Morinda officinalis and Cistanche deserticola.
(2) For rheumatic pain, dry pupils, repeated excessive internal heat, malnutrition and poor eyesight. It is often used with clematis and Taxilli.
Usage and dosage 13 epimedium decoction, 3 ~ 9g [2].
Chemical constituents of Epimedium 14 contains icariin and icariin A; Rhizomes and roots contain norcaline and icariin.
Epimedium contains icariin flavone and icariin [2].
Pharmacological Action of Epimedium 15 Injecting Epimedium extract into male mice can increase the weight of prostate, seminal vesicle and levator ani, which proves that it has androgenic effect. This decoction can inhibit poliovirus and some enteroviruses in vitro [2].
Epimedium can lower blood pressure, increase coronary blood flow and lower blood sugar in animals [2].
Epimedium also has antitussive, expectorant, antiasthmatic, anti-inflammatory and hypoxia tolerance improving effects [2].
16 Epimedium Pharmacopoeia Standard 16. 1 is called Epimedium.
Yin-yang fire
Epimedium leaves
16.2 source this product is epimedium belonging to Berberidaceae. Maxim. Epimedium sagittatum Etzucc。 ) motto. Epimedium pubescens Or epimedium koreanum. The stems and leaves are lush in summer and autumn, and they are harvested when they are dried in the sun or in the shade.
16.3 character 16.3. 1 epimedium has three leaves; Leaflets ovate, 3 ~ 8 cm long and 2 ~ 6 cm wide; The apex is slightly sharp, the base of the terminal leaflet is heart-shaped, the leaflets on both sides are small, eccentric, large on the outside, ear-shaped, with yellow bristles and serrations on the edge; The upper surface is yellow-green and the lower surface is gray-green. There are 7-9 main veins, with sparse and slender hairs at the base, prominent veinlets on both sides and obvious reticular veins. Petiole length 1 ~ 5 cm. Leaf blade nearly leathery. Slight breath and bitter taste.
16.3.2 Epimedium sagittatum has three compound leaves, the lobules are elliptic to ovate-lanceolate, 4 ~12cm long and 2.5 ~ 5cm wide; The apex is tapered, the base of two leaflets is obviously skewed, and the outer side is arrow-shaped. The lower surface is sparsely covered with rough short hairs or nearly hairless. Leaf blade leathery.
16.3.3 The lower surface and petiole of hairy epimedium leaves are densely villous.
16.3.4 Epimedium koreanum has large leaflets, 4 ~ 10 cm long and 3.5 ~ 7 cm wide, with a long tip. The leaves are very thin.
16.4 Identification (1) Leaf view of this product:? Epimedium? The vertical walls of the upper and lower epidermal cells are deeply wavy and curved, with heterogeneous cells arranged longitudinally along the veins, containing 1 ~ multiple columnar crystals of calcium oxalate; The stomata of the lower epidermis are numerous and uncertain, and sometimes non-glandular hairs can be seen.
Epimedium sagittatum? The upper and lower epidermal cells are smaller; The stomata of the lower epidermis are dense, and there are many verrucous processes formed by the shedding of non-glandular hairs, and sometimes non-glandular hairs can be seen.
Epimedium? The stomata of the lower epidermis are few, and most of them are slender non-glandular hairs.
Epimedium koreanum? The stomata and non-glandular hairs of the lower epidermis are easy to see.
(2) Take 0.5g of this product powder, add 65438 00 ml ethanol, soak for 30 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate, and dissolve the residue with 65438 00 ml ethanol as the test solution. According to the test of thin-layer chromatography (appendix ⅵ b), taking ethyl acetate-butanone-formic acid monohydrate (65,438+00: 65,438+0: 65,438+0) as the test sample, on the same silica gel H thin-layer plate, respectively, take 65,438+00μ l of the test sample solution and 65,000 μ l of the reference solution under icariin. In the chromatogram of the test sample, the same dark red spots appear in the position corresponding to the chromatogram of the control sample; Spray aluminum trichloride test solution, and then observe it under ultraviolet lamp (365nm), showing the same orange-red fluorescent spots.
The impurity of16.516.5.1shall not exceed 3.0% (appendix ⅸ a).
16.5.2 the moisture content shall not exceed 12.0% (appendix ⅸ H first method).
16.5.3 the total ash content shall not exceed 8.0% (appendix ⅸ k).
16.6 the extract shall be determined by the cold immersion method under the alcohol-soluble extract determination method (appendix X A), with dilute ethanol as the solvent, which shall not be less than 15.0%.
16.7 content determination 16.7. 1 total flavonoids accurately measure 0.5ml of the test solution under the icariin determination, put it in a 50ml volumetric flask, add methanol to the scale, and shake it evenly as the test solution. Take an appropriate amount of icariin reference substance, accurately weigh it, and add methanol to make a solution containing 65438±00ug per 65438±0ml as reference substance solution. Take the test solution and the reference solution respectively, take the corresponding reagent as blank, and measure the absorbance at the wavelength of 270nm according to the ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (Appendix V A) and calculate.
In terms of dry products, the content of total flavonoids in this product should not be less than 5.0% in terms of icariin (C33H40O15).
16.7.2 determination of icariin by HPLC (appendix VID).
Chromatographic conditions and system adaptability test? Octadecylsilane bonded silica gel is used as filler; Acetonitrile-water (30: 70) was used as the mobile phase. The detection wavelength is 270 nm. According to the icariin peak, the theoretical plate number should be no less than 1500.
Preparation of reference solution? Take an appropriate amount of icariin reference substance, weigh it accurately, and add methanol to make a solution containing 0.65438±0mg per 65438±0ml.
Preparation of test solution? Take about 0.2g of this product powder (pass through the No.3 sieve), weigh it accurately, put it in a conical bottle with a stopper, add 20ml of dilute ethanol accurately, weigh it, perform ultrasonic treatment for 65438 0 hours, weigh it again, make up the weight loss with dilute ethanol, shake it evenly, filter it, and take the filtrate.
Determination? Accurately suck 10μl of the control solution and the test solution respectively, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.
Calculated by dry product, this product contains icariin (C33H40O 15) at least 0.50%.
16.8 decoction pieces 16.8. 1 processing 16.8. 1 epimedium to remove impurities, spray with clear water, slightly moisten, shred and dry.
This product is silky. The upper surface is green, yellow-green, or yellowish, and the lower surface is grayish green, with obvious reticulate veins, prominent midvein and veinlets, and yellow setose fine serrations at the edge. Almost leather. Slight breath and bitter taste.
The content of 16.8. 1. 1 is the same as that of traditional Chinese medicine, and the content of icariin (C33H40O 15) should not be less than 0.40%.
16.8. 1.2 Bake Herba Epimedii, heat and melt sheep fat oil, add shredded Herba Epimedii, stir-fry with slow fire until uniform and shiny, take out and let cool.
Epimedium per100kg; Use sheep fat oil (refined) 20kg.
This product looks like epimedium thread. The surface is light yellow and shiny. There is almost no sheep fat oil and natural gas.
Chromatographic conditions and system adaptability test? Octadecylsilane bonded silica gel is used as filler; Use acetonitrile as mobile phase A and water as mobile phase B, and perform gradient elution according to the following table; The detection wavelength is 270 nm. According to the icariin peak, the theoretical plate number should be no less than 1500.
Time (minutes) Mobile phase A(%) Mobile phase B(%) 0~29 25 75 29~30 25? → 4175 → 59 30 ~ 55 4159 preparation of control solution? Take an appropriate amount of icariin reference substance and baohuoside I reference substance, weigh them accurately, and add methanol to make solutions containing 0.65438±0mg per 65438±0ml respectively.
Preparation of test solution? Take about 0.2g of this product powder (pass through the No.3 sieve), weigh it accurately, put it in a conical bottle with a stopper, add 20ml of dilute ethanol accurately, weigh it, perform ultrasonic treatment (power 200W, frequency 40kHz) 40k Hz)65438±0 hours, let it cool, weigh it again, make up the weightlessness with dilute ethanol, shake it evenly, filter it, and take the filtrate.
Determination? Accurately absorb 65438 00μ g of the above two control solutions and test solution, and inject them into a liquid chromatograph for determination.
The total content of icariin (C33H40O 15) and pogoside I(C27H30O 10) shall not be less than 0.60% in terms of dry products.
16.9 Sexual taste and pungent, sweet and warm meridian tropism. Enter the liver and kidney meridians.
16. 10 Functions and indications: tonifying kidney and strengthening yang, strengthening bones and muscles, expelling wind and removing dampness. Can be used for treating deficiency of kidney-yang, impotence and nocturnal emission, weakness of bones and muscles, arthralgia due to rheumatism, and numbness and contracture.
16. 1 1 usage and dosage 6 ~ 10g.
16. 12 stored in a ventilated and dry place.
16. 13 from China Pharmacopoeia 20 10.
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