GMA950 graphics accelerator card is Intel Extreme Graphics3, which is the third generation graphics processing external core developed by Intel. Intel Extreme Graphics 3 uses PCI Express x 1 interface to directly support DX9 and OpenGL 1.4 in the integrated graphics kernel. This kernel supports DX9' s pixel shader 2, which has four pixel pipelines, but the vertex shader must still be handled by the CPU through software. Discrete graphics cards are completely handled by GPU (graphics processing core).
Generally, the memory frequency of integrated graphics cards is the memory frequency, and the core frequency is related to the integrated display chip. For GMA950, its core frequency is 400.
MHz (this is official website of Tel). See below for details:
Intel? The graphics media accelerator 950 has a graphics card core frequency of 400 MHz and a 256-bit graphics card core of memory bandwidth 10.6 GB/ s, which can realize fast communication with DDR2 667 system memory.
1.6 gigapixels/sec and 1.6 gigapixels/sec.
224 MB maximum memory *
The highest resolution can reach 2048x 1536 when the refresh rate is 75 Hz.
Support the dynamic display mode of flat panel, widescreen and digital TV.
Supported operating systems: Microsoft Windows* XP, Windows* XP 64-bit, Media Center Edition (2004/2005) and Windows 2000；; Compatible with Linux (Xfree86 source code provided)
High-performance 3D graphics cards render up to 4 pixels per clock frequency.
Microsoft * DirectX* 9 hardware acceleration features:
Pixel shader) 2.0
Volume texture
Shadow map (shadow map)
Slope scale depth deviation
match plate
With the highly optimized processor geometry pipeline (PSGP), it can be supported by software.
The difference between integrated graphics card and discrete graphics card
The integrated graphics card draws a part from the system memory for video memory, while the discrete graphics card has its own video memory.
In terms of operation speed, the integrated graphics card is processed by CPU, and then output to the display by the graphics card; Discrete graphics cards are processed by their own computing system, that is, GPU, and then output to the display.
The biggest advantage of integrated graphics card is its cheapness. Usually, motherboards with integrated graphics cards and motherboards without integrated graphics cards of the same model are almost cheaper, and the investment in graphics cards can be saved. The disadvantage is poor performance in 3D processing.
The advantage of discrete graphics card is that data processing does not need the help of CPU, which releases the occupancy rate of CPU. Its own GPU can process data, and its 3D performance is outstanding. Disadvantages require additional investment in graphics cards, and good graphics cards are expensive.
What do you mean by 1, motherboard intel chips 865PE, 9 15P, 945P, 945G, etc? What is the difference?
865pe is an early 32-bit CPU supported by Intel's early chipset. Now it has been redesigned to support 64-bit CPU, and its performance is relatively stable. If you buy a low-end computer, you can also consider it And 9 15 should be basically ignored. Intel has discontinued this chipset. 945 series is divided into 945P, 945PL, 945G, 945GZ, etc.
In which 945P is the basic type. 945PL is a low-end version, which supports lower CPU external frequency and memory frequency, memory capacity and so on. 945G is a graphics card GMA950 based on 945P. 945GZ is a low-end model of integrated graphics card.
It is recommended to buy a 945G graphics card. Of course, there are better 965 and 975. However, it usually applies to servers.
Here are some motherboard chip parameters
Memory specification and capacity supported by CPU interface of chipset FSB PCI Express South Bridge display chip.
9 10GL 533 MHz dual-channel ddr400/3332gb1xich6/ich6rgma900lga775 and 478.
9 15PL 800/533 MHz dual-channel ddr400/334gb1x/16xich6/ich6rn/alga775 and 478.
9 15GL 800/533 MHz dual-channel ddr400/334gb1xich6/ich6rgma900lga775 and 478.
9 15GV 800/533 MHz dual-channel DDR2 533/ 400 or ddr400/3334gb1xich6/ich6r/wgma900lga775.
9 15P 800/533 MHz dual-channel DDR2 533/ 400 or ddr400/3334gb1x/16ich6/ich6r/wn/alga775.
9 15G 800/533 MHz dual-channel DDR2 533/ 400 or ddr400/3334gb1x/16ich6/ich6r/wgma900lga775.
945PL 800/533 MHz dual-channel ddr2 533/4004gb1x/16xich7/ich7rn/alga775.
945P 533/800/ 1066 MHz dual-channel ddr2 667/533/4004gb1x/16ich7/ich7rn/alga775.
945G 533/800/ 1066 MHz dual-channel ddr2 667/533/400gb1x/16ich7/ich7rgma950.
2. What do Intel's CPU 478 and 775 mean? What is the difference? What does a 64-bit label mean?
478 and 775 are the number of pins and contacts of cpu, where 478 is the number of pins and 775 is the number of contacts, and their corresponding motherboards are different. The difference is that the former is 32 bits and the latter is 64 bits. 32-bit and 64-bit refer to the calculation mechanism in the processor, which refers to the length of data and the length of instruction addressing. 64 bits refers to addressing by 64 binary numbers. Theoretically, 32-bit computing can support 4G memory, but actually it can only support 2G. The latter mainly competes with AMD's 64-bit CPU, but at present, it is not as good as AMD's 64-bit CPU.
At present, basically do not buy 478-pin CPU, but buy 64-bit 775-pin CPU.
3. What do you mean by memory 400,533,566,667? What is the difference?
Standard DDR is divided into DDR 200, DDR 266, DDR 433 and DDR 400. Its standard operating frequencies are 100MHz, 133MHz, 166MHz and 200MHz respectively, and the corresponding memory transfer bandwidths are 1.6 GB/ s and 2. 12GB/ s respectively. DDR 400 refers to the working frequency of the memory (the actual working frequency is 200MHz).
DDR2 can be regarded as an upgrade and extension of DDR technical standards: the core frequency of DDR is equal to the clock frequency, but the data frequency is twice as high as the clock frequency, which means that data must be transmitted twice in a clock cycle. While DDR2 adopts the "4-bit prefetch" mechanism, the core frequency is only half of the clock frequency, and the clock frequency is half of the data frequency, so that even if the core frequency is 200MHz, the data frequency of DDR2 memory can reach 800mhz-the so-called DDR2 800.
At present, the existing standard DDR2 memories are divided into DDR2 400 and DDR2 533, DDR2 667 and DDR2 800, with core frequencies of 100MHz, 133MHz, 166MHz and 200MHz respectively, and bus frequencies (clock frequencies) of 200MHz, 266MHz and 200 MHz respectively. The equivalent data transmission frequencies are 400MHz, 533MHz, 667MHz and 800MHz respectively, and the corresponding memory transmission bandwidths are 3.2 GB/ s, 4.3 GB/ s, 5.3 GB/ s and 6.4 GB/ s respectively.
However, due to the current memory delay of DDR2, the performance below DDR2 533 is not as good as DDR, so don't consider it when buying it, at least buy DDR667 and higher.
4. What is the meaning of 1066FSB of the motherboard? What is the difference?
Refers to the bus frequency of the motherboard. The greater the bus frequency, the easier it is to exert the performance of the system. You can think of it as a highway. The wider the road, the more cars pass by in unit time, and the higher the performance.
5. What's the difference between onboard graphics and discrete graphics? How is the heat dissipation of onboard graphics card carried out?
On-board graphics card is an integrated motherboard, with only display chip and no display memory, which is suitable for low-end users. The performance of onboard graphics cards is never as good as that of discrete graphics cards of the same level. Generally, its performance is only half that of the same level of graphics cards.
Because of the low calorific value of onboard graphics cards, there is basically no independent cooling system, unlike independent graphics cards, which have high running frequency and large memory capacity, and generally have fans.
6, the same frequency CPU, "suffix" is different, such as P42.8GE, P42.8GB, 2.8GC, the price is different, what does this mean? What is the difference?
1) The meaning of "one":
Pentium 4 processor has three different cores: Willamette, Northwood and Prescott. Among them, Willamette core belongs to the earliest product and is manufactured by 0. 18 micron process. Because of the high fever, it is difficult to increase the frequency, and the secondary cache is only 256KB, so the performance is quite unsatisfactory. So Intel quickly replaced it with the Northwood core. Northwood's core Pentium 4 adopts 0. 13 micron technology, and the main frequency has made a great leap, and the secondary cache capacity has doubled to 5 12KB. In order to distinguish the Pentium 4 product with the same frequency but only 256KB L2 cache, Intel added a capital letter "A" after its model, such as "P4 1.8A", indicating that the product has 5 12KB L2 cache. These products only have 400MHz Front Side Bus (FSB).
2) The meaning of "B":
Products with the same frequency can have higher front-end bus at higher external frequency, so the performance is also higher. To this end, while increasing the CPU frequency, Intel is constantly improving the front-end bus of its products. So from the launch of 845E, a motherboard that can support 533MHz FSB, Pentium 4 processors with 533MHz FSB appeared in the market. In order to distinguish it from Pentium 4 products with the same main frequency but only 400MHz FSB, Intel added the letter "B" as a suffix, such as "P4 2.4B".
3) the meaning of "c":
Following the 533MHz front-side bus product, Intel made persistent efforts to launch the Pentium 4 processor with 800MHz front-side bus. Similarly, in order to distinguish it from earlier products, Intel used the letter "c" in its naming, such as "P4 2.4C".
4) the meaning of "e":
Following the Northwood Core processor with a long life cycle, Intel began to turn to the 90nm manufacturing process. The core of Prescott, Pentium 4, came into being. Adopt 3 1 pipeline design, equipped with 16KB first-level data cache and up to 1MB second-level cache. For some reason, Intel did not assign the letter "D" to the Prescott P4 processor of 800MHz FSB step by step, but used the later letter "E", such as "P4 2.8E". This may be because Prescott itself contains the letter "E".
It should be noted that the core Pentium 4 of Prescott also has a 533MHz FSB product, which cancels the support for hyper-threading technology and uses the capital letter "a" as a suffix, such as "P4 2.4A". Many people see this name and take it for granted that it is the Northwood core P4 of 400MHz FSB. Remember this is wrong!
7. How to clear CMOS? What is the significance of clearing CMOS?
CMOS is the abbreviation of complementary metal oxide semiconductor, which is a kind of memory chip and belongs to hardware. Its function is to save data, but it can only play the role of storage, and can not set the data stored in it. To set the parameters in CMOS, you need to go through a special setup program. At present, most manufacturers put CMOS parameter setting programs into BIOS chips. When the computer is turned on, press a special button to enter the setup program, and the system can be set up conveniently. See the motherboard manual for details.
Of course, you can also unplug the battery on the motherboard and wait a few minutes before clearing CMOS.
If you set the CMOS password when you turn it on, but forget it, you will have to discharge the CMOS, which means that all information including the password is lost, so you don't need to enter the password again when you turn it on, and then rewrite the data.
Finally, I asked what kind of computer you want to buy, saying that everyone can give you advice.