Writing norms refer to the requirements of formal norms that must be observed in academic writing with academic papers and works as the main forms. According to the national and state-owned standards and the regulations on the compilation and publication of relevant documents, Otsu Compilation reminds everyone that the writing of academic papers should conform to the following basic norms.
First, the topic should be novel and unique, or explore new fields, or put forward new ideas, or explore new materials, or use new methods, which has certain theoretical depth and great academic value and practical application value. According to international practice, we should comprehensively and systematically understand the research history and present situation of the field involved in this achievement, and make an accurate summary and evaluation in the introduction or introduction of the paper.
Second, the views should be clear, informative and rigorous. Views must reflect the nature or laws of objective things, and must be scientific, accurate and innovative. The information must be true, reliable and informative, and it is best to use first-hand information and the latest information. Argumentation must be clear and consistent in concept, accurate in judgment and strict in reasoning logic, so as to achieve the organic unity of viewpoint and material, logic and history.
Three, the content of academic papers should be perfectly combined with the form, so that the content is substantial, the structure is reasonable, the organization is clear, the text is fluent, and the formal elements are complete. The project should include title, author's signature and work unit, author's brief introduction, abstract, keywords, Chinese library classification number, text, notes, references, English title, English abstract and English keywords. Papers funded by the fund should also indicate related projects. The specific requirements of each project are as follows:
Title: It should be concise, specific and appropriate, and can summarize the specific content of the article, generally no more than 20 words. Try to avoid using unknown and uncommon abbreviations, characters, symbols and formulas.
Author's signature: if the pen name is signed, the real name should be indicated. If it is signed by a group of authors, the author should indicate it in the footer of the first page of the article. The translation shall be signed by the author, with the author in front, the translator behind, and the nationality in square brackets before the author.
Author: Full name, province (region), city name and postal code should be indicated to facilitate readers' contact.
Abstract: It should be able to objectively reflect the main content information of the paper, and be independent and self-contained, generally no more than 200 words.
Keywords: Generally, 3-8 words should be selected to reflect the theme concept of the paper, and they should be selected from the Chinese Thesaurus as far as possible.
Classification number of China Library Classification: The paper should be indexed and classified according to China Library Classification. For papers involving multiple topics, a paper can be given several classification numbers, with the main classification number in 1 and the classification numbers separated by semicolons.
Fund project: the full name of the project should be indicated, and the project number should be indicated in brackets and placed at the bottom of the home page.
Author's brief introduction: The author's name, year of birth, gender, nationality, native place, work unit, professional title and degree should be introduced.
Title in the text: Except question mark, exclamation mark and ellipsis, punctuation marks are not used at the end of the title, and the level is generally not more than 5. The serial number can be one, (1), 1, (1), 1), and ① is not suitable for distinguishing from note numbers.
Use of characters: it should comply with the regulations on the use of characters in publications, and avoid using old characters, variant characters and traditional characters except some ancient books and articles. When a foreigner's name first appears in the text, the foreign language should be indicated after the Chinese translation. Celebrities in history and public figures today need not go into details.
Use of numbers: The provisions on the use of numbers in publications should be implemented, and all the centuries, years, years, months, days, hours and various counts and measurements in the Gregorian calendar should use Arabic numerals. The year cannot be abbreviated, and the day of the week is always in Chinese characters. Chinese characters and numbers should be used when the divisor expressed by two adjacent numbers in parallel is used as a morpheme to form stereotypes, phrases, idioms and abbreviations.
Illustrations and photos in the text: appropriate proportion, clear and beautiful. All the characters in the picture are printed. The drawing sequence and title shall be marked, and the drawing sequence shall be numbered consecutively with Arabic numerals; If there is only 1 graph, the graph sequence is still marked as 1 graph. The order and title of the graph are centered below the graph. Generally, the figure should be attached to the text, and sometimes it can be attached to the end of the text or other appropriate positions.
Table: It should be carefully designed, simple in structure and self-evident. Use a three-line meter as much as possible and add auxiliary lines when necessary. There should be a table order and a table title. The preface of the table is numbered consecutively with Arabic numerals. If there is only 1 table, the table order is still marked as table 1. Table order and table title are centered above the table. All figures in the table are Arabic numerals. When the numbers or words in adjacent lines are the same, they should be filled in repeatedly, and the above words cannot be used instead. There is no period at the end of the sentence in the table.
Use of units of measurement: The regulations on quantity and units should be strictly implemented, such as meters (m), kilometers (km) and so on. If the relevant units of measurement need to be expressed in the city system, brackets should be added to indicate the legal units of measurement after conversion. The units of measurement used in the same paper or table should be consistent.
Note: it is mainly used to explain and supplement the title and author of the article and a specific content in the article. Title comments and author comments are placed at the bottom of the current page; Comments on specific content in the text can be sandwiched in the text, placed in the footer of the page or concentrated at the end of the text. Note The serial numbers are indicated by Arabic numerals in brackets.
Reference: It is a sign that the author refers to other people's theories, viewpoints, materials and methods. Its description adopts sequential coding system, and the citations in this paper are coded continuously with Arabic numerals in the order in which the cited documents appear in the paper, and the serial numbers are placed in square brackets. If the same document is repeatedly quoted in a text, it shall be marked with the same serial number, and the author shall indicate the page number or the name of chapter, section and article in brackets after the serial number.