Lu Xun (188 1~ 1936) was a writer, thinker and revolutionary on the third day of August in the seventh year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (18865438+September 25th). Yucai was originally named Zhou Shuren and was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. Born in the mouth of Dongchangfang, Huiji County (now Shaoxing City), Shaoxing Prefecture, Zhejiang Province. Born in a shabby scholar-bureaucrat family. Lu Xun was his pen name when he 19 18 published Diary of a Madman. Lu Xun 1898 went to Nanjing to study abroad, and 1902 went to Japan to study medicine. After that, the painful and numb national spirit was more important than curing physical diseases, so he turned to advocate the literary movement. 1909, after returning to China, he taught in middle schools, Hangzhou and Shaoxing. 19 18 participated in the editing of New Youth and published the first vernacular novel Diary of a Madman in New Youth. Later, he published Kong Yiji, Medicine, The True Story of Ah Q and other famous novels, wrote a lot of essays and essays, criticized old ideas and old morality, and became an advocate of new culture. 1923, the first novel collection "Scream" was published, which became the foundation stone of China's new literature. Lu Xun also made outstanding achievements in translating foreign literature and sorting out ancient books in China.
1898 went to Nanjing to study. He entered Jiangnan Naval Academy first, and was admitted to the Mining and Metallurgy School affiliated to Jiangnan Lushi College the following year. During this period, I came into contact with the "science" and "democracy" of the western bourgeoisie. 1902 went to Japan to study and entered Hongwen College in Tokyo. 1904 went to Sendai medical college to study medicine. Later, because two things happened there had a great influence on him, he gave up medical research.
Writing background
When Lu Xun wrote Flowers in the Morning, he was already an important writer in the literary world. 1926 after the "March 18th" tragedy, Lu Xun wrote articles such as "in memory of Liu Hezhen", angrily denounced the shameless behavior of the reactionary government, and was persecuted by the reactionary government, so he had to live a wandering life. He has taken refuge in Yamamoto Hospital and German Hospital. Despite the hard life, I wrote many prose poems and three essays, such as Twenty-four Filial Piety Pictures, Five Canon Meetings and Impermanence, which were later compared with Dogs written by Lu Xun before his tragedy. Cat? Mice, A Chang and Shan Hai Jing were included in the collection of essays "Flowers in the Morning and Flowers in the Evening".
1926 In September, Lu Xun accepted the invitation of Xiamen University to teach in the south, but he only stayed in Xiamen University for more than four months because he found that the air in Xiamen University was as dirty as that in Beijing. Lu Xun saw the ugly faces of all kinds of intellectuals here and attacked them mercilessly. Although Lu Xun doesn't like Xiamen University, he concentrates on his courses, which are very popular with students. After his busy teaching work, Lu Xun wrote many works, including five essays: From Baicaoyuan to San Tan Yin Yue, Father's Disease, Notes, Mr. Fujino and Fan Ainong. These five essays and five other essays written in Beijing constitute the whole of Flowers in the Morning.
Morning Flowers and Evening Flowers was published in 1927.
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"Dog? Cat? Rats-in this article, Mr. Lu Xun cleared the cat of his crimes: first, the cat always plays with its prey to the fullest before eating it; Second, it is related to liger, but he is born with a coquetry; Third, it always howls when it cooperates, which is very annoying; Fourth, it ate a little hidden mouse that I loved when I was a child. Although it turned out that it wasn't the cat, I wouldn't have a good impression on the cat, not to mention that it did eat the rabbit later! This paper takes "cat" as the type, sharply and vividly satirizes people who are similar to cats in life.
Chang and Shan Hai Jing-Chang was Lu Xun's nanny when he was a child. Describe the scene of getting along with Chang when I was a child, and describe the kindness, simplicity, superstition and nagging character of my eldest mother. "Eating a full stomach is troublesome etiquette"; I am full of respect and gratitude to her for finding and giving her a long-awaited painting "Shan Hai Jing". The article expresses the sincere memory of this working woman in affectionate language.
Twenty-four filial piety pictures-the so-called twenty-four filial piety pictures-are books about twenty-four filial sons in ancient China, with pictures. Its main purpose is to promote feudal filial piety. Starting with the feeling of reading Twenty-four Pictures of Filial Piety when he was a child, Mr. Lu Xun emphatically described the strong antipathy caused by reading two stories, Lao Lai Entertainment and Guo Ju Burying the Son, vividly exposing the hypocrisy and cruelty of feudal filial piety and the pity of children in old China.
"Wucang Club"-Wucang Club is a meeting with God and a festival in my childhood. Describe the eagerness and excitement of looking forward to seeing God when I was a child, and the feeling of disappointment and pain when my father forced me to carry my sword. It pointed out that compulsory feudal education suppressed and destroyed children's nature.
Impermanence-impermanence is a ghost with human feelings. When I went to heady, I saw my mother crying her dead son so sadly that I decided to let her son "go back to the sun for half an hour". As a result, my immediate boss, Yan Luowang, beat me with a big stick. When recalling impermanence, the article occasionally adds a few ironies to the so-called gentleman in reality, and the illusory impermanence gives some comfort to Lu Xun's lonely and sad heart at that time.
From Baicaoyuan to Sanyan Yinyue —— Describing the fun of being at home in Baicaoyuan and the boring life of studying in Sanyan Yinyue when I was a child, revealing the sharp contradiction between children's extensive interests in life and feudal library education that fetters children's nature, and expressing the reasonable requirements for children's healthy and lively growth.
"Father's illness"-quack doctors in rivers and lakes killed his father, has always been a pain buried in Lu Xun's heart. Focusing on the memory of my father's delayed treatment when he was a child, this paper describes the attitudes, styles and prescriptions of several "famous doctors" and reveals the essence of these people's ignorance, mystifying, extortion and disregard for human life.
Note-In this article, Lu Xun mainly recalled the process of leaving Shaoxing to study in Nanjing. The work describes the disadvantages and difficulties of studying in Jiangnan Navy School and Mining Railway School at that time, and criticizes the "cigar smoke" of Westernization School. The author described his excitement when he first came into contact with the theory of evolution. He read the theory of evolution hungrily despite the opposition of the older generation and showed a strong desire to explore the truth.
"Mr. Fujino"-records the author's study life while studying in Japan, and describes the process of being discriminated and insulted by Japanese students in Sendai Medical College and deciding to abandon medicine and join literature. The author highlights the rigor, integrity, enthusiasm and noble character of Mr. Fujino, a Japanese teacher, and expresses his deep nostalgia for Mr. Fujino.
"Fan Ainong"-traces the author's contact with Fan Ainong during his stay in Japan and after returning home, describes Fan Ainong's dissatisfaction with the dark old society before the revolution and his pursuit of the revolution, as well as his persecution experience after the Revolution of 1911, and shows his disappointment with the old democratic revolution and his sympathy and mourning for this upright and stubborn patriot.