Question 2: What are the four styles of history books? What are the styles of the history books in the first part? There are mainly six styles: (1) chronological style: related historical events arranged in chronological order, such as Zuo Zhuan. (2) Biography: reflecting historical events by describing the activities of characters, such as historical records. (3) Chronicle: Focusing on events, the relevant thematic materials are brought together. Originated from Yuan Shu in the Southern Song Dynasty. For example, Yuan Shu's History as a Mirror. (4) National style: history recorded separately by country. For example, the warring States policy. (5) General history: an uninterrupted narrative of ancient and modern historical events, such as Historical Records. (6) dynastic history: record the history of a certain period or a certain dynasty, such as Hanshu. The above six styles of history books are classified according to different standards. In fact, the same history book may belong to several different styles of history books at the same time. For example, Historical Records belongs to biographical style and general history; The History of the Three Kingdoms belongs to biographical style, national style and dynastic history.
Question 3: Historical Records: What kind of history books are they? Historical Records is the first biographical general history in the history of China.
Question 4: What kind of historical books is Historical Records, in chronological style, chronological style and biographical style?
Dating style: the event is introduced in detail, but the time span is short and the historical records of dynasties are discontinuous.
Chronological style: Chronological style is a genre of China's traditional history books. Taking time as the center and arranging historical facts by year, month and day is the earliest and simplest method of compiling history.
Biography: Biography, a form of East Asian history books, records historical facts in the form of biographies of people (biographies of emperors are called biographies, biographies of ordinary people are called biographies, characters in special circumstances are called records, records of systems, customs and economies are called records, and historical events are arranged in tables.
Historical Records records important historical figures and facts in the form of biographies or biographies, which belongs to biographies.
Question 5: What genre of historical books does Historical Records belong to? General History of the First Biography in China's History.
Question 6: What kind of historical works is Historical Records? Historical Records is a general history of biography.
Historical Records is a biographical history book written by Sima Qian, a famous historian in the Western Han Dynasty. It is the first biographical general history in the history of China, and is listed as the first of the "Twenty-four History", which records the history of more than 3,000 years from the legendary Huangdi era to the first year of founding ceremony, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Together with The History of the Later Han Dynasty, The History of the Later Han Dynasty and The History of the Three Kingdoms, they are called "the first four histories".
Historical Records had a far-reaching influence on the development of later historiography and literature. His original biographical method of compiling history was passed down by the "official history" of later generations. At the same time, Historical Records, as an excellent literary work, has an important position in the history of China literature. It is praised by Lu Xun as "the swan song of historians", which has no rhyme with Li Sao and has high literary value. Liu Xiang and others think that this book is "good in order and reason, argumentative but not flashy, qualitative but not vulgar".
Historical Records includes twelve biographies (recording the political achievements of emperors in past dynasties), thirty biographies (recording the rise and fall of vassal states and governors in Han Dynasty), seventy biographies (recording the words and deeds of important people, mainly describing the characters and ministers, and the last one is the preface), ten tables (chronology of major events) and eight books (recording various laws and regulations, such as etiquette, music, temperament, calendar, astronomy, etc.).
Question 7: The Warring States policy of Historical Records Zuo Jian Zhuan can be compared from the following aspects: genre, starting and ending time, main content bias, historical position and influence, author, etc.
Chronological style of Zuo Zhuan (earliest) by Zuo Qiuming
It is an important ancient book that records the social situation in the Spring and Autumn Period. The range of materials includes royal archives's and Lu's books, the history of vassal states, etc. The chronicles are basically based on the twelve kings of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period, including betrothal, alliance, conquest, marriage and funeral, usurpation and so on. , had an important influence on later history and literature. It mainly records the decline of the Zhou royal family and the history of feudal hegemony. He recorded and commented on various etiquette norms, laws and regulations, social customs, ethnic relations, moral concepts, astronomical geography, calendar seasons, ancient documents, myths and legends, and ballads. Regarding the characteristics of Three Biographies of the Spring and Autumn Annals, Ning said: "Zuo's family is gorgeous and rich, and its loss is also witchcraft (referring to ghost stories). Gu Liang is beautiful and graceful, and it is short-lived. "
"Mandarin" national style (earliest) Author: probably Zuo Qiuming.
It records the history of the royal family of Zhou Dynasty and the vassal states of Lu, Qi, Jin, Zheng, Chu, Wu and Yue. From the 12th year of Zhou Muwang (990 BC) to the Western Expedition (about 947 BC), Zhi Bo was destroyed (453 BC), including engagement, banquets, satire and arguments.
National Style of Warring States Policy Author: Not sure
The book is compiled by different countries such as Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Western Zhou Dynasty, Qin State, Qi State, Chu State, Zhao State, Wei State, South Korea, Yan State, Song State, Wei State and Sun Yat-sen State, with a total of 33 volumes and about1.2000 words. It is one of the most accomplished and influential historical prose works in the pre-Qin period.
Historical Records General History (the earliest) Author: Sima Qian
It records the history of more than 3,000 years from the time of the Yellow Emperor in ancient China to the first year of founding ceremony (BC 122). Sima Qian, the author, made Historical Records the first biographical general history in the history of China with his historical knowledge of "studying the relationship between man and nature, connecting the changes of ancient and modern times, and forming a unified view".
Historical Records includes twelve biographies, thirty biographies, seventy biographies, ten tables and eight books, 130, with more than 526,500 words.
Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms by Chen Shou
It recorded in detail the 60-year history from the first year of Huang Chu, Wei Wendi (220 years) to the first year of Taikang, Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty (280 years). The History of the Three Kingdoms (65 volumes), Wei Shu (30 volumes), Shu Shu 15, and Wu Shu (20 volumes). Chen Shou was a courtier of the Jin Dynasty, who inherited Wei and won the world, so the History of the Three Kingdoms respected Wei as orthodox.
The Chronological General History of Zi Tong Zhi Jian was written by Sima Guang, with 294 volumes and about 3 million words, including 30 volumes of textual research and catalogue. The historical boundary recorded in Zi Tong Zhi Jian is from the 23rd year of Zhou Weilie (the first 403 years) to the 6th year of Zhou Xiande (the last 959 years). That is, five volumes of Zhou Ji, three volumes of Ji Qin, sixty volumes of Han Ji, ten volumes of Wei Ji, forty volumes of Jin Ji, sixteen volumes of Song Ji, ten volumes of Miracle, twenty-two volumes of Liang Ji, ten volumes of Chen Ji, eight volumes of Sui Ji and Ji Tang.
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