China's ancient books have no punctuation marks similar to those used today. In ancient times, some words (such as Oracle Bone Inscriptions) sometimes used lines or isolation to indicate pauses, which was not common. Therefore, it has always been considered that learning to punctuate sentences is the basic requirement of reading. The symbols of sentence breaking in Han Dynasty are ","and ","which means a small pause and ""means a big pause. This symbol was used in some simple fragments of the Han bamboo slips "The Slip of Quicksand" discovered in the early 20th century. Han people call it sentence reading. These two symbols were gradually popularized and used in the Song Dynasty, but their forms changed. One is to use ". ",read the number with", "; The other is to read the period with the same dot, with the dot of the period next to the word and the dot of the number between two words. Books published in Song and Yuan Dynasties, especially Confucian classics, are generally read without sentences. Reading sentence symbols are mostly used for teaching or collating. There are also copies of proofreading books in Song dynasty, but it is rare. Most of the novels printed in Yuan and Ming Dynasties are circled at the end of sentences, and some of them use ","or ". "yes. Some operas and enlightenment books also use this method. In addition, the Ming Dynasty added names of people and places. The former is to add a straight line to the right of the name, and the latter is to add two straight lines to the right of the place name. Punctuation, the word, first appeared in the Song Dynasty. " "History of Song Dynasty He Qichuan": "Everything you read is punctuated, meaning clear, and there are people who don't have to say it. "Punctuation here refers to the sentence reading symbols added when reading ancient books, which is the so-called old-fashioned punctuation. New punctuation is borrowed from western writing habits, and it was not used until the late Qing Dynasty. Translator Yan Fu's Annotations to English (1904) is the earliest work in China that uses foreign punctuation marks. A few years before the May 4th Movement, many writers began to use new punctuation marks. Volume 4 of New Youth Magazine (19 18) has also been partially used. Because most of the publications at that time were vertical, users changed them to varying degrees. In this way, there is a phenomenon of different standards. 19 19, Ma Yuzao,, Qian, Zhou Zuoren, Hu Shi and others jointly put forward the Proposal on Promulgating New Punctuations, which was resolved at the first meeting of the Preparatory Committee for the Unification of Putonghua and officially promulgated by the then Ministry of Education on 1920. This motion first explains the necessity of using punctuation marks, and then lists various symbols, including periods, periods, semicolons, colons, question marks, exclamation marks, quotation marks, dashes, ellipsis, brackets, private names, and book titles *** 12. After the May 4th Movement, the published punctuation marks were gradually popularized and applied. Compared with the punctuation used in the west, there are several obvious differences: ① Use ""as a full stop. Don't use it. " ② Use ""and ""instead of ""in quotation marks. Is to adapt to the characteristics of straight text. (3) The names and place names of proper nouns in western languages are expressed in capital letters, while Chinese characters have no such marks, so there should be private names and book titles. 195 1 In September, the former General Administration of Publishing of the Central People's Government announced the usage of punctuation marks. In June, 10, the former the State Council issued instructions to require the whole country to comply with them. In the past 40 years, the writing and typesetting of books and periodicals have changed from straight books to horizontal books, and the usage of punctuation marks has also undergone some development and changes. Therefore, on March 1990, the State Language Committee and People's Republic of China (PRC) Press and Publication Administration re-issued the revised usage of punctuation marks. This standard is based on the newly promulgated usage of punctuation marks. This standard refers to the domestic literature on the use of punctuation marks, and widely listens to the opinions of scholars, journalists, publishers and educators in China. This standard specifies and explains the common usage of punctuation marks in Chinese written language, aiming at making people correctly master the usage of punctuation marks, accurately expressing the meaning of words and promoting the standardization of Chinese written language. This standard was put forward by the State Language Committee. This standard is drafted by the punctuation usage research group of the Language and Character Application Research Office of the State Language Committee, and the main drafters are Gong and. This standard is implemented from June 1996 to June 1 day. Since the date of implementation, the original punctuation marks shall be abolished. 1, scope This standard specifies the name, form and usage of punctuation marks. This standard plays an important auxiliary role in Chinese writing norms. This standard is applicable to Chinese written language. Foreign languages and scientific and technological circles also refer to it. 2. Definitions The following definitions are adopted in this standard. A sentence with a pause before and after a sentence has a certain sentence tone, indicating the meaning of a relatively complete language unit. A sentence used to illustrate facts. An imperative sentence used to ask the listener to do something. Interrogative questions used to ask questions. An exclamatory sentence used to express a strong feeling. Complex sentences, clause complex sentences and clauses are closely linked to form a big sentence. Such a big sentence is called a complex sentence, and every small sentence in a complex sentence is called a clause. Words and phrases (phrases) are the smallest language units that can be used independently. A phrase, that is, a language unit composed of two or more words according to certain grammatical rules, is also called a phrase. 3. Basic Rule 3. 1 Punctuation is an auxiliary symbol of written language and an organic part of written language, which is used to express pause, mood and the nature and function of words. 3.2 Commonly used punctuation marks are 10, which are divided into dot and punctuation. The role of dots is punctuation, which mainly indicates the pause and tone when speaking. Point the end point and the middle point of a sentence. The dots at the end of the sentence are used at the end of the sentence, including periods, question marks and exclamation marks, indicating the pause at the end of the sentence and the tone of the sentence. The dots in the sentence are used in the sentence, including commas, pauses, semicolons and colons, indicating various pauses in the sentence. The function of labels is to express, mainly to express the nature and function of sentences. There are nine commonly used punctuation marks, namely: quotation marks, brackets, dashes, ellipsis, bullets, hyphens, intervals, titles and proper names.
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