How many emperors in the history of China have sat in Mount Tai Zen?

Worship of Zen is a ritual held by the ancient rulers of China. Seal it as a place to worship heaven and Zen as a place to worship. Closed meditation is a place to worship heaven. There are two different opinions about when Zen came into being. Sima Qian thought in Historical Records that Zen originated from home, before Fu. Wu Huai once named Mount Tai and Zen Yun Yun as mountains. During the Spring and Autumn Period, after Qi Huangong dominated the princes, he wanted to hold a meditation. Guan Zhong said: In ancient times, there were seventy-two fathers who worshipped Mount Tai and Liang. The famous ones are Fuxi, Shennong, Huangdi, Zhuan Xu, Yao, Shun, Yu and Tanghe. "They were all asked to meditate." After Guan Zhong's persuasion, Qi Huangong stopped meditating. Ma Duanlin, on the other hand, thinks that the statement of "seventy-two schools" is "humble Confucian view" and "what is not contained in poetry books is not true", so he has been preaching Zen in the "general examination of literature" since Qin Shihuang. Let's not talk about whether the seventy-two schools of Zen really happened. There is no doubt that the idea of Zen was formed long ago, at least not later than Qi Huangong. Fengchan originated from people's worship of nature. Entering the class society, Zen was used by the ruling class and became a tool to deceive and fool the people. Feng and Zen are generally carried out at the same time. Feng, it's all in Mount Tai. It is said that this is because Mount Tai is the East Mountain, the main life of the East, the beginning of all things, and the place where Yin and Yang alternate; It is also said that people can know the length of life because there are gold and jade raiders on Mount Tai. Zen is held in Yun Yun Mountain, Tingting Mountain, Fuliang Mountain, Sheshou Mountain and Gaojiawan Mountain near Mount Tai, and also in Huiji Mountain. Although the retreat of Zen is carried out at the same time, the retreat ceremony is more important than the Zen ceremony. This is because the sky is above and the earth is below. People think that the sky is Yang, the earth is Yin, and the sky is higher than the earth. In fact, it is because heaven can deceive the masses more than the earth and is more useful to the ruling class. The amenorrhea ceremony is not only complicated, but also mysterious. Legend has it that in the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, although there was a saying of closed-door Zen, there was no specific record. Entering the feudal society, although there are records, the closed-door Zen rituals in different dynasties are not the same. I can't list them all here, I can only give a few examples. When Qin Shihuang was preparing to retreat to Zen, he called 70 Confucian scholars under Mount Tai to ask about the etiquette of retreat to Zen. Confucian scholars have different opinions. Some say that the ancient emperor kept Zen in a "car" to avoid destroying the soil, stone and vegetation of Mount Tai. Some said, "Sweep the floor to pay homage, and the mat uses straw.". Qin Shihuang thought these words were nonsense and difficult to implement, so he was embarrassed by Confucian scholars and decided to close the Zen ceremony. He took a bus from the southern slope of Mount Tai to the top of the mountain, "erected a monument to praise virtue, and made it clear that it would be sealed", and then from the northern slope of the mountain to Fuliangshan for meditation. This etiquette is similar to worshipping God with great desire, but the seal is secret, so the world can't remember it. Qin Shihuang was caught in a storm in Mount Tai and took shelter from the rain under a pine tree. Because pine trees are named "ENT", they are called five rich pines. The Wudafu pine on Mount Tai today is said to have been replanted by the Ming Dynasty, and it is no longer the pine tree when Qin Shihuang took shelter from the rain. Qin Shihuang's meditation is a Yi Chan. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sealed a Zen, but it was just two Zen letters. Before he closed his eyes, he also called the Confucian scholars to discuss. These Confucian scholars also don't understand meditation etiquette, so it is difficult to practice one person and one statement. The Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty showed them the prepared "memorial vessels", and they were "confined to ancient poems and ancient books" and said "different from ancient times". No one can tell the difference and how to live in harmony with ancient times. Therefore, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty made his own closed-door meditation ceremony. He went to Fu Liangshan to worship the land and set up an altar in Mount Tai to worship heaven. The altar is ten feet wide and nine feet high, and there is a "jade book" buried under it. After the ceremony, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and several ministers climbed to the top of Mount Tai and offered sacrifices to heaven again. The next day, from the north slope, I once again offered sacrifices to the land in the majestic atmosphere under Mount Tai, such as a sacrifice ceremony to the earth. At the time of sacrifice, a three-ridged grass produced in Jianghuai area, rare birds, animals and pheasants all over the country were sealed with five-color soil. In the grand music, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty wore yellow clothes and bowed down in person. After the closing ceremony, he wrote a letter to change the yuan, making the governors "govern the government" under Mount Tai. In the later dynasties, meditation was basically like this, but the details were different. In feudal China, the emperors who presided over meditation included Qin Shihuang, Han Wudi, Han Guangwu, Tang Gaozong, Tang Xuanzong and Song Zhenzong. , Liu,,, Sui Wendi, Emperor Taizong, etc. After the Southern Song Dynasty, the emperor worshiped Zen on Mount Tai, abolished Zen in form, but still kept Zen in essence. This is why later emperors combined Zen worship with suburban worship. In the 18th year of Yongle (1420), Ming Taizu Chengzu built an altar of heaven and earth in the southern suburbs of Beijing. During the Jiajing period, heaven and earth were dedicated to each other. Fang Zetan (the Ditan) was built in the northern suburb, and the original dome in the southern suburb was renamed the Temple of Heaven, which was dedicated to praying for heaven and valley. In the Ming Dynasty, when worshipping in the suburbs, "Chenhukou Qiangu was born under the altar". In the Qing Dynasty, the Temple of Heaven was also used to pray for heaven and valleys. It costs a lot of money to hold meditation. At the beginning of Zhenguan, Emperor Taizong wanted to worship Zen, and Wei Zhi remonstrated: "Your majesty sealed the east to make all countries salty." "You have to ride thousands of horses, pay bills, move to several states, and the registered permanent residence is depressed. How can I give it? " At the closing ceremony, "several States were mobilized", which wasted people and money. It is still difficult to pay for meditation during the Zhenguan period, and the cost is huge. The meditation will not really be given to the emperor Gade. Some knowledgeable people have long realized that, for example, Sima Biao, a historian in the Western Jin Dynasty, once said: "The emperor is so superior to the latter, and his virtue is really imposed on others without knowing the seal." Although Emperor Taizong also wanted to worship Zen, he thought: "If I am sincere, I can make the world peaceful enough to give to others. Although I lack the gift of worshipping Zen, I am more virtuous than Yao and Shun. " Lack of people, barbarian invasion, combined with the instrument of Zen, longitudinal repair "Since Zen is expensive, why are rulers so keen? The answer is simple, because Zen has the function of maintaining feudal rule, and they use people's worship of heaven to cheat. The confusing function of Zen can be summarized as follows: First, it tells God that the dynasty has changed, and the new emperor accepted the destiny and ruled the people on behalf of heaven. Generally speaking, it is "sealed after shilling", that is, the owner of Yi surname can only change the seal, and the owner of ZTE can only repair the seal. When Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty wanted to modify the seal, Song Liang tried his best to "think that it must be changed, which is an act of God". Guangwudi accepted his suggestion and changed the seal. But he didn't get any auspicious results, so he held Song Liang accountable and killed him. Second, meditation can whitewash peace. Historically, feudal rulers believed that amenorrhea was related to "peace and prosperity", that is, "amenorrhea talks about peace", and only emperors with moral policies were qualified to amenorrhea. So whoever worships Zen will have political achievements. Guan Chan is another opportunity to praise the emperor's "merits". Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty erected a three-foot-high stone tablet on the altar, engraved with the following words: "Do things with courtesy, stand with righteousness, do things with filial piety, and educate people with benevolence." "Within the four guards, there are counties, four barbarians and eight barbarians, salty tribute, and the promise of heaven, the interest of the people, and the eternal harvest." Third, meditation can "boast Yi Di". When the Zen is closed, the leaders of "Yidi" are present. You can boast to them that the dynasty is peaceful, rich and blessed. The Prime Minister of the Song Dynasty once led more than 20,000 civil and military officials and monks, demanding that the true Sect accept Zen. Unable to recover the lost land in the secluded thistle land, Zhenzong wanted to wash away the shame of losing land by closing the door to Zen and "serving the world and boasting the land". Fourth, meditation can become immortal. It is said that the Yellow Emperor became a "fairy" because of meditation. Both Qin Shihuang and Han Wudi were keen to find the elixir of life. They "named Mount Tai as a good fairy and believed the words of the alchemist", hoping to get the elixir of life and live forever. Even Emperor Guangwu sealed Mount Tai and changed his name to Yuan Yi, which is also "long life, but not his words". You can't live forever, at least you want to live longer. For these reasons, rulers are happy to hold it, even if it wastes people and money. ]