2 English reference Fructus Aurantii Immaturus [Landau Chinese-English Dictionary]
Fructus Aurantii Immaturus [Xiangya Medical Dictionary]
Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, Fructus Aurantii Immaturus [Xiangya Medical Dictionary]
Immature orange fruit [Xiangya Medical Dictionary]
Orange beans [Xiangya Medical Dictionary]
Fructus Aurantii Immaturus [China Pharmacopoeia (version 20 10)].
Fructus Aurantii Immaturus [Chinese Medicine Terminology Committee]. Terminology of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2004)]
Fructus Aurantii Immaturus [Committee on Terminology of Traditional Chinese Medicine]. Terminology of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2004)]
3. Summarize Fructus Aurantii Immaturus as the name of traditional Chinese medicine and publish Shennong Herbal Classic. It is the dry young fruit of Rutaceae plant Lime and its cultivated varieties. Hemispherical, a few spherical, with a diameter of 0.5 ~ 2.5 cm. Exocarp is dark green or dark brown-green, with granular protrusions and wrinkles, and obvious style remnants or fruit stalk marks. In the profile, the pericarp is slightly raised, with a thickness of 0.3 ~ 1.2 cm, yellowish white or yellowish brown, with 1 ~ 2 oil discharge chamber at the edge and brown capsule. It's hard. It is fragrant, bitter and slightly sour. Fried Fructus Aurantii Immaturus with bran is yellow in section, slightly burnt, brittle, fragrant and light in taste [2].
Fructus Aurantii Immaturus tastes bitter, pungent and sour, slightly cold [3]. Spleen and stomach meridian [2][3]. It has the functions of breaking qi, resolving food stagnation, resolving phlegm and resolving hard mass [2]. Used for stagnation, fullness and pain, diarrhea, constipation, phlegm and blood stasis, chest obstruction, chest obstruction, organ prolapse and so on [3]. Fructus Aurantii Immaturus is heavier in nature, and it is mainly used to break qi and resolve phlegm, but it has a strong function of breaking qi, which may damage vital qi, so it is suitable for strong vital qi [2]. Used for chest obstruction and excessive phlegm; In recent years, it has also been used for gastroptosis [2]. Stir-frying Fructus Aurantii Immaturus with bran can alleviate its fierceness, so as not to damage healthy qi, but also dissipate stagnation, eliminate swelling and strengthen [2]. Used for food retention, epigastric fullness, constipation and damp-heat diarrhea [2].
Pharmacopoeia of People's Republic of China (PRC) (20 10 edition) records the pharmacopoeia standard of this Chinese medicine.
4 Latin scientific name of Fructus Aurantii Immaturus (La) (terminology of traditional Chinese medicine (2004))
5 English name of Fructus Aurantii Immaturus (Chinese Medicine Terminology (2004))
6 Fructus Aurantii Immaturus prescription drug name Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, fried Fructus Aurantii Immaturus [2].
7. The source of Fructus Aurantii Immaturus is Rutaceae lime and its cultivated varieties or dried young fruits of citrus [1].
Fructus Aurantii Immaturus is a dry young fruit of Rutaceae plant Lime and its cultivated varieties or citrus [2].
Fructus Aurantii Immaturus is the young fruit of Rutaceae plant Lime [4].
8 Origin Fructus Aurantii Immaturus is produced in Fujian, Shaanxi, Guangxi, Guangdong, Guizhou, Sichuan and Jiangxi [4].
9 Collecting and primary processing Collect the fruit falling in May-June, remove impurities, cut it in half from the middle, and dry it in the sun or at low temperature, and directly dry the smaller one or at low temperature [2].
10 The characteristic of crude drug is that Fructus Aurantii Immaturus is hemispherical, and a few are spherical, with a diameter of 0.5 ~ 2.5 cm. Exocarp is dark green or dark brown-green, with granular protrusions and wrinkles, and obvious style remnants or fruit stalk marks. In the profile, the pericarp is slightly raised, with a thickness of 0.3 ~ 1.2 cm, yellowish white or yellowish brown, with 1 ~ 2 oil discharge chamber at the edge and brown capsule. It's hard. It is fragrant, bitter and slightly sour. (People's Republic of China (PRC) Pharmacopoeia (20 10 Edition))
1 1 The processing methods of Fructus Aurantii Immaturus in the Han Dynasty include removing the core and frying (synopsis of the golden chamber in Han Jing, Jing Yu), charcoal making (synopsis of prescriptions by Jingui) and roasting (note on treatise on febrile diseases).
In the Tang Dynasty, there were decoctions (a recipe for the urgent care of thousands of women) and fried yellow (a secret recipe from outside Taiwan), which suggested that "frying makes black and cracks like inside and outside" (cranial meridian).
In the Song Dynasty, there were methods such as bran frying (Taiping Shenghui recipe), noodle frying (historical recipe) and vinegar frying (school women's recipe).
In the Yuan Dynasty, there was a saying that "bitter cold is baking, breaking water and draining gas (herbal soup)" [2].
In the Ming Dynasty, soaked fried rice bran (Puji recipe) was added; "If honey is used, water will be broken to discourage and remove fire" (Compendium of Materia Medica); "Stir-fried noodles, stir-fried with ginger juice if you feel sick" (the criterion of syndrome differentiation and treatment); Cooking methods such as steaming rice (Jingyue Quanshu) [2].
In the Qing Dynasty, there were several methods, such as wine frying (Ji Youcheng), bran frying (Depei Materia Medica) and local frying (Fang Yi Conghua) [2].
Now the main processing method is bran frying [2].
1 1. 1 Processing method of Fructus Aurantii Immaturus1.1Take the original medicinal materials of Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, remove impurities, wash them with clear water, fully moisten them, slice them, dry them in the air, and screen out impurities [2].
1 1. 1.2 Fried Fructus Aurantii Immaturus with bran. First, heat the pot, evenly sprinkle a certain amount of wheat bran, heat it on medium fire, add the pieces of Fructus Aurantii Immaturus when smoking, quickly stir-fry until it is light yellow, take it out, sieve off the wheat bran, and let it cool [2].
Use 100 kg of wheat bran per 100kg of Fructus Aurantii Immaturus tablets.
1 1.2 The finished Fructus Aurantii Immaturus is an irregular arc-shaped strip or circular slice, with a length of 2.5cm, a width of 1.2cm and a disc diameter of 0.3 ~ 1.5 cm [2]. On the profile, the epicarp is dark green to dark brown, the mesocarp is partially yellowish white to yellowish brown, there are 1 ~ 2 rows of punctate oil chambers near the outer edge, and there is brown pulp inside the strip or in the center of the disk [2]. Brittleness [2]. The smell is fragrant, and the taste is bitter and slightly sour [2].
Fried Fructus Aurantii Immaturus with bran is yellow in section, slightly burnt, brittle, fragrant and light in taste [2].
1 1.3 has a severe treatment effect, mainly to break qi and eliminate phlegm, but it has a strong effect of breaking qi, which may damage vital qi, and is suitable for those with strong vital qi and excess [2]. Used for chest obstruction and excessive phlegm; In recent years, it has also been used for gastroptosis [2]. For example, the decoction of Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, Bulbus Allii Macrostemon and Guizhi (A Brief Prescription of Jingui Medicine) is used to treat excessive phlegm, chest yang deficiency and chest pain. Daotan decoction (Yanshi Jisheng recipe) is used to treat phlegm syncope, vomiting and dizziness [2].
Stir-frying Fructus Aurantii Immaturus with bran can alleviate its fierceness, so as not to damage healthy qi, but also dissipate stagnation, eliminate swelling and strengthen [2]. Used for food retention, epigastric fullness, constipation and damp-heat diarrhea [2]. For example, Zhi Zhu Pill for treating abdominal distension caused by dyspepsia, Zhishi Daozhi Pill for treating diarrhea (internal trauma theory); Dachengqi Decoction (Annotation on Treatise on Febrile Diseases) is used to treat abdominal distension caused by heat accumulation in large intestine and constipation [2].
The processing of 1 1.4 Fructus Aurantii Immaturus mainly contains volatile oil, flavonoids, synephrine and N- methyl ethylamine [2].
After fried with bran, the content of volatile oil decreased [2]. According to the research results of the effect of volatile oil from Fructus Aurantii Immaturus on isolated intestine, it can increase the frequency and decrease the amplitude of intestinal peristalsis, strengthen the contraction tension of intestinal peristalsis, make the relaxation incomplete, and make the smooth muscle in a spastic state [2]. Therefore, the reduction of volatile oil after bran frying will inevitably lead to the weakening of *** [2] of Fructus Aurantii Immaturus on intestinal smooth muscle. In addition, the qualitative and quantitative analysis of bran-fried Fructus Aurantii Immaturus in different storage periods was carried out [2]. The results showed that the qualitative results of bran-fried Fructus Aurantii Immaturus in different storage periods were consistent, but the quantitative results were quite different [2]. Compared with the samples stored for 4 years and 0 years, the contents of synephrine and volatile oil decreased obviously, and the water-soluble extract and alcohol-soluble extract also decreased [2]. The content of synephrine in bran-fried Fructus Aurantii Immaturus in the same storage period is also different, RSD >；; 5%[2]。 It shows that the storage period and processing technology have influence on the quality of bran-fried Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, and it is necessary to formulate the processing standard of bran-fried Fructus Aurantii Immaturus to control its internal quality [2].
1 1.5 storage method: Store in a dry container, seal it and place it in a cool and dry place [2]. Mothproof.
12 is bitter, pungent, sour and slightly cold [3].
Fructus Aurantii Immaturus tastes bitter, pungent and sour, and its nature is slightly warm [2].
Spleen and stomach meridian [2][3].
Fructus Aurantii Immaturus tastes bitter and slightly cold; Into the spleen and stomach meridian [4].
13 Efficacy and indications of Fructus Aurantii Immaturus has the functions of breaking qi, resolving food stagnation, resolving phlegm and reducing swelling [2]. Used for stagnation, fullness and pain, diarrhea, constipation, phlegm and blood stasis, chest obstruction, chest obstruction, organ prolapse and so on [3].
Fructus Aurantii Immaturus is heavier in nature, and it mainly breaks qi and resolves phlegm, but it has a strong function of breaking qi, which may damage vital qi, so it is suitable for those with strong vital qi and evil [2]. Used for chest obstruction and excessive phlegm; In recent years, it has also been used for gastroptosis [2]. For example, the decoction of Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, Bulbus Allii Macrostemon and Guizhi (A Brief Prescription of Jingui Medicine) is used to treat excessive phlegm, chest yang deficiency and chest pain. Daotan decoction (Yanshi Jisheng recipe) is used to treat phlegm syncope, vomiting and dizziness [2].
Stir-frying Fructus Aurantii Immaturus with bran can alleviate its fierceness, so as not to damage healthy qi, but also dissipate stagnation, eliminate swelling and strengthen [2]. Used for food retention, epigastric fullness, constipation and damp-heat diarrhea [2]. For example, Zhi Zhu Pill for treating abdominal distension caused by dyspepsia, Zhishi Daozhi Pill for treating diarrhea (internal trauma theory); Dachengqi Decoction (Annotation on Treatise on Febrile Diseases) is used to treat abdominal distension caused by heat accumulation in large intestine and constipation [2].
Fructus Aurantii Immaturus has the effects of breaking qi, resolving phlegm, resolving food stagnation, and can treat qi stagnation, food stagnation, phlegm addiction, chest obstruction, constipation, abdominal distension and pain, severe diarrhea, gastroptosis, uterine prolapse and rectocele [4].
14 Fructus Aurantii Immaturus Decoction Usage and dosage: 3 ~ 9g [4].
The chemical constituents of 15 Fructus Aurantii Immaturus mainly include volatile oil, flavonoids, synephrine, N- methyl ethylamine and so on.
The dried young fruit of lime contains synephrine and N- methyl ethylamine. Young pericarp contains flavonoid glycosides such as neohesperidin, naringin, rhoifolin, honeysuckle glycoside, etc., and also contains 23.2 ~ 60.3 mg% of vitamin C [4].
The seeds of Fructus Aurantii Immaturus contain Yichang hesperidin and idle milin [4].
16 pharmacological action of Fructus Aurantii Immaturus By studying the effect of volatile oil of Fructus Aurantii Immaturus on isolated intestine, the frequency of intestinal peristalsis can be increased, the amplitude of intestinal peristalsis can be decreased, the contraction tension of intestinal peristalsis can be strengthened, the relaxation can be incomplete, and the smooth muscle can be in a spasm state [2]. The decrease of volatile oil after bran frying leads to the weakening of intestinal smooth muscle of immature Fructus Aurantii Immature [2].
Fructus Aurantii Immaturus and Fructus Aurantii Immaturus decoction can excite rabbit uterus and enhance gastrointestinal peristalsis of animals.
Fructus Aurantii Immaturus can raise blood pressure, induce diuresis for a short time, and reduce renal volume [4].
Low concentration of Fructus Aurantii Immaturus enhanced the contraction of isolated toad myocardium, but it was inhibited at high concentration and the blood vessels contracted slightly [4].
N- methylttyramine and synephrine contained in Fructus Aurantii Immaturus have the same anti-shock effect as Fructus Aurantii Immaturus [4].
Naringin has anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic and antioxidant effects [4].
Naringin can also inhibit DNA synthesis in tumor tissues [4].
17 17. 1 is called Fructus Aurantii Immaturus.
resign (from) one's official post
dried immature fruit of citron or trifoliate orange
17.2 source this product is rutaceae plant lime and its cultivated varieties or dried young fruits of citrus. Collect the fruit drop in May-June, remove impurities, cut it in half from the middle, and dry it in the sun or at low temperature, and directly dry the smaller one or at low temperature.
17.3 features this product is hemispherical, and a few are spherical, with a diameter of 0.5 ~ 2.5 cm. Exocarp is dark green or dark brown-green, with granular protrusions and wrinkles, and obvious style remnants or fruit stalk marks. In the profile, the pericarp is slightly raised, with a thickness of 0.3 ~ 1.2 cm, yellowish white or yellowish brown, with 1 ~ 2 oil discharge chamber at the edge and brown capsule. It's hard. It is fragrant, bitter and slightly sour.
17.4 Identification (1) The powder of this product is yellowish or brownish yellow. Mesocarp cells are round or irregular, and most walls are unevenly thickened. The surface of epidermal cells in pericarp is polygonal, square or rectangular, with stomatal rings, with a diameter of 18 ~ 26 microns and 5 ~ 9 accessory cells. Side view of stratum corneum. There are square crystals of calcium oxalate in pericarp and juice sac cells, which are rhombic, polyhedral or biconical, with a diameter of 2 ~ 24 μ m. There are hesperidin crystals in parenchyma cells, which are yellow or colorless, round or amorphous, and some have radial textures. Oil chamber debris is common, and secretory cells are slender and curved. Threaded catheter, reticulated catheter and tracheid are smaller.
(2) Take 0.5g of this product powder, add 10ml methanol, perform ultrasonic treatment for 20min, filter, evaporate the filtrate, and dissolve the residue with 0.5ml methanol as the test solution. Another synephrine reference substance was added with methanol to prepare a solution containing 0.5 mg of reference substance solution per kloc-0/ml. According to the thin-layer chromatography test (Appendix VI B), absorb 2μl of each of the above two solutions, respectively spot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, use the upper solution of n-butanol glacial acetic acid water (4: 1: 5) as the developing agent, unfold, take it out, dry it, spray 0.5% ninhydrin ethanol solution, and heat it at 105℃ until the spots are clear. In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots with the same color appear in the position corresponding to the chromatogram of the control sample.
The water content of 17.51shall not exceed 15.0% (appendix ⅸ H, second method).
17.5.2 the total ash content shall not exceed 7.0% (appendix ⅸ k).
17.6 the extract shall be determined by hot dip method under the item of alcohol-soluble extract determination method (appendix XA), with 70% ethanol as the solvent, which shall not be less than 12.0%.
The content of 17.7 was determined by HPLC (Appendix VID).
17.7. 1 chromatographic conditions and system applicability test: octadecylsilane bonded silica gel is used as filler; The mobile phase is methanol potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.6g, sodium dodecyl sulfonate 1.0g, glacial acetic acid 1ml, dissolved in water and diluted to 1000m 1) (50: 50); The detection wavelength is 275 nm. According to Schiff LAM Raymond's calculation, the number of theoretical plates should be no less than 2000.
17.7.2 preparation of reference substance solution take a proper amount of synephrine reference substance and weigh it accurately. Add water to make a solution containing 30 micrograms per kloc-0/ml.
17.7.3 preparation of test solution take about 1g of this product powder, weigh it accurately, put it in a conical flask with a stopper, add 50ml of methanol accurately, weigh it, heat it to reflux 1.5h, let it cool down, weigh it again, make up the weight loss with methanol, shake it evenly, filter it, and measure the filtrate accurately. Passing through polyamide column (60-90 mesh, 2.5g, inner diameter l.5cm, dry packing), eluting with 25ml water, collecting eluent, transferring to 25ml measuring bottle, adding water to scale, and shaking well to obtain the product.
17.7.4 determination method accurately suck 10 ~ 20μ l of control solution and test solution respectively, inject them into liquid chromatograph and determine.
This product contains synephrine (C9H 13NO2) not less than 0.30%, calculated as dry product.
17.8 pieces of fructus aurantii immaturus 17.8. 1 processing 17.8. 1 removing impurities from fructus aurantii immaturus, cleaning, moistening, slicing and drying.
This product is irregular arc-shaped strip or circular sheet. In section, the exocarp is dark green to dark brown green, and the mesocarp is yellowish white to yellowish brown. There are 1 ~ 2 rows of punctate oil cavities near the outer edge, and there are brown sacs inside the strip or in the center of the disc. It is fragrant, bitter and slightly sour.
17.8. 1. 1 Identification, inspection, extract and content determination are the same as those of medicinal materials.
17.8.10.2 stir-fry Fructus Aurantii Immaturus slices with bran, and stir-fry them according to the bran frying method (Appendix II D) until the color becomes dark.
This product is similar to Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, with dark color and some focal spots. It is fragrant, slightly bitter and slightly sour.
The content determination of17.8.1.2.1is the same as that of medicinal materials.
17.8.2 Sexual taste and bitter, pungent, sour and slightly cold meridian tropism. Spleen and stomach meridian.
17.8.3 Functions and indications: breaking qi, promoting digestion, resolving phlegm and reducing swelling. It can be used for stagnation, fullness pain, diarrhea, constipation, phlegm coagulation, thoracic obstruction, thoracic obstruction and organ prolapse.
17.8.4 Usage and dosage 3 ~ 10g.
17.8.5 Be careful when pregnant women use it.
17.8.6 Store in a cool and dry place to prevent insects from eating.
Note: Cultivated varieties are the same as Fructus Aurantii.
17.9 source: People's Republic of China (PRC) Pharmacopoeia (20 10).
18