From the preface before the score, it can be seen that the existing "Xie Shi Tiao You Lan" was handed down to Wang Shuming by Qiu Ming (493-590), a member of Liang Huiji in the Southern Dynasties, and it should be regarded as an old song of the Six Dynasties. Qiu Ming, a hermit at the end of Liang Dynasty, lived in Jiuyi Mountain. Sui Kaidi died in Danyang County in the 10th year (590) at the age of 97. He plays the piano well, especially the song You Lan, which is "difficult to teach because of its low voice." But judging from the handwriting and fingering of the manuscript, the suspect copied it in the early years of the Tang Dynasty. Yang Shoujing pointed out in an Interview with the Ancient Classics that "vigorous calligraphy and flying words are the original creations of Tang Liren". After this music score was published in China, Yang Zongji, a pianist of Beijing Normal University, made a pioneering research on this music score during the period of19/-1914, and published Interpretation of Ancient Fingers of Youlan, Subtitles of Youlan and Five Elements of Youlan. In 1950s, there appeared a group of virtuosos, such as Guan Pinghu, Xu, Zhen Wu, etc., and the related research was also deepened.
The tune of "Jieshi Tune" originated very early and is generally considered to be played as dance music in Wei and Jin Dynasties. As early as in the Three Kingdoms, Cao Cao wrote a poem "Out of Xiamen" in business music. The Book of the Southern Qi Dynasty said: "Jieshi Tune, Ci and Jin thought Jieshi Dance Song have four chapters." Today, the spectrum of "Jieshi Tiao You Lan" is also divided into four beats, which coincides with the musical structure of "its four chapters". Youlan was the first famous song in Chu Ci. Xie Huilian, a poet in the Southern Dynasties, recorded in Xue Fu that "Chu Ci was written by Youlan". Later, it was adapted into a tune, a tune and a piano tune, and many literati also wrote poems to describe it. For example, "Sunrise in the Southeast Corner" by Lu Ji in the Jin Dynasty said: "Sad songs spit out clear sounds, and elegant rhymes broadcast" Youlan ". During the Northern Wei Dynasty, I learned two satirical poems by Lu: How to Play the Piano, You Lan and Snow White. Liu Yun in the Liang Dynasty said in the poem Yi Dao Shi: "In the clear night, I urge the column to play You Lan. Sima Xiangru's "Fu on Beauty" in Han Dynasty also mentioned: "Fu Xian is a song of the orchid and Snow White. It can be seen that the piano piece Youlan is a very famous piano piece in the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties.
As for the content of this piano piece, the original volume does not describe the music. However, Yang Shoujing's Visit to the Ancient Classics, under the title of the original score, is called "Yi Lan", which shows that people are incompetent and born at the right time. According to Cao Qin, during the Spring and Autumn Period, when the philosopher Confucius traveled around the world, he was not appreciated and reused by the rulers of various countries. On his way back to Jin from Weiguo, he saw the interaction between lush orchids and weeds in the hidden valley, which touched his inner feelings of self-injury, and made him write a piano piece called Yi Lan. On the way, he played the piano and sighed:
The valley came quickly and fiercely, with dark clouds and heavy rain.
My sister married in the country today.
It's heaven, not its place.
Happy Kyushu, no fixed abode.
The world? Cover it up, I don't know a saint.
As you get older, you will get older.
His words are like crying, like resentment and anger, like a sad lyric poem. It expresses the author's dissatisfaction by describing the lush and fragrant orchids in the deep mountains and valleys. Such themes and contents are especially suitable for the mentality of some literati who are dissatisfied with the status quo and can't find a way out. But it is obviously not credible to say that this song was written by Confucius. There are other kinds of piano scores, such as Yi Lan and Youlan. Generally, Cao Qin's theory is used to solve problems, but there is no * * similarity between its tunes and Shi Jiediao Youlan. In addition, the fifty-eighth volume of Yuefu Poetry Collection contains Bao Zhao's Qin song You Lan in the Southern Song Dynasty. Judging from the poem's phrase "Flowers are inexhaustible, and I am worried about sitting wrong", it is through the orchids in the deep mountains and valleys that I express my disappointment and frustration, which is consistent with the mood of existing tunes.
The whole song "Youlan" has four paragraphs. At the end of each paragraph, there is a roughly similar tune, with sadness and sadness, which means to summarize the whole paragraph. If it is related to Cao Cao's poem "Walking Out of the East Gate", the end of each paragraph is also "Fortunately, the Song Dynasty will have eternal aspirations". Therefore, on the surface, the structure of Youlan seems to be a four-stage structure with a closed end, but this is only from the lyrics and macro paragraphs. In fact, the structure of Youlan is varied and logical.
The melody of the orchid is beautiful and euphemistic. After the initial introduction, the scale rose step by step, accompanied by ups and downs, showing a bumpy pursuit and enterprising. At the end of the paragraph, there is a gradual upward glide in the bass area, which shows deep resentment and exclamation.
The second paragraph expresses sad and melancholy feelings by presenting, comparing and reproducing the clear overtone theme. In the subsequent opening paragraph, the musical mood further fluctuates. At the end of the music is an exclamation point, with mixed feelings.
The tune style of Jieshi Diao You Lan is very unique. Its scale form is a seven-tone scale with inflections, which is far more varied than a simple five-tone scale, and the length of phrases also changes greatly. The basic tonality of the whole song is C Gong Diao, compared with which E quotient and E angle are mainly used, which is related to the three sounds of Qing, Ping and Se at that time. In the score of Guan Pinghu's "Jie Shi Diao You Lan", the tune is to play C Palace with F Palace. The position of Gongdiao has not changed, so the paragraphs appearing in E quotient actually form the possibility of dual-tone interweaving. The method of "slow-angle tuning" is adopted in the spectrum of "Stone Tunes the Orchid" composed by Xu, that is, the yellow bell is the palace (one string), and the first to seventh strings are C, D, E, G, A, C and D in turn. Because of the tuning method, the music from Palace C to Palace E is shown in the second paragraph. In fingering, this piece mostly adopts right-handed fingering, which shows the characteristics of "more sounds and less rhyme" in early piano music.
Guqin, as an instrument with profound cultural connotation in the history of human music, pursues not external expression, but returning to the inner self and seeking internal sustenance. Qin Le's music character is that "the sound is small but the source is high". The distant and quiet musical artistic conception is integrated with the natural environment in the secluded valley, expressing deep sadness, depression and loneliness. This kind of injury is out of place, and Lan Fang's gentleman ethics of caring for others has won the praise of later scholars. Bai Juyi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote a poem "Listening", saying:
The ancient music in the piano is orchids, which is more interesting to my guests.
If you want to be calm and sound like Hong Zhong, you can't play as well as listening to people.
Han Yu, a scholar in the Tang Dynasty, imitated Cai Yong's Cao Qin as his poem Cao Lan, which seems to be more open-minded. He said:
Orchids are fragrant.
If you don't accept it, you will be hurt.
Today's rotation is natural.
I travel everywhere, day after day, year after year.
Ice and snow trade, wheat prosperity.
If the child doesn't hurt, I won't die.
There are lush wild oats and wild oats.
A gentleman hurts it, but a gentleman prevents it.