When you climb the building, you can look around and relax, so as to dispel your worries. Looking at the place where Siyu is, it is really open and bitter. With the help of the Qing dynasty, it is easy to get through Puxi, and it is easy to lean on Changzhou. Backing the grave is a vast land, and it is in the face of the tide. Taomu in the north and Zhaoqiu in the west; Hua Shi covers the wild, and the millet is full of territory. Although I believe in beauty rather than my soil, how can I stay less?
This is the first paragraph in Wang Can's Ode to the Building. Among the numerous ci poems in Jian 'an period, three are the most famous. One is Mi Heng's Ode to Parrot, the other is Cao Zhi's Ode to Luoshen, and the other is Wang Can's Ode to the Building. Some people even think that this fu is the first in the fu works in the Jian 'an era. For example, Zhu Xi, a master of Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty, quoted Chao Buzhi, one of the "Four Scholars of the Sumen School", as saying: "Poetry has an ancient style. The work "Going to the Building" is far from Chu, but it is not as good as Han. However, it is still better than Cao Zhi, Pan Yue, Lu Ji's "Sorrow", "Idleness" and "Nostalgia", and Gai Wei's fu is extremely good. " Regardless of whether Wei Fu is extremely good at this, it is difficult to compare because of different themes, but if it is said that it is the first in the ancient and modern tour and boarding, there will probably be no objection. Just as Nautilus Island is famous for "Parrot Fu", the building where Wang Can wrote this Fu is also known as "Zhong Xuan Lou", and Du Fu's "A Short Song for Wang Lang Si Zhi" says that "the head of Zhong Xuan Lou is deep in spring". However, the opinions of later generations are not consistent as to where the Zhongxuan Building is in Jingzhou. Sheng Hongzhi's The Story of Jingzhou and Li Daoyuan's Notes on Water Classics are considered as Dangyang Tower, while the five ministers in Selected Works note that it is Jiangling Tower, while Zhou Shaoji's Chu Cheng breaks it down as Xiangyang Tower, so that when Wang Shizhen, a Ming Dynasty, wrote The Story of Zhongxuan Tower, a tower was named "Zhongxuan Tower" in Jiangling, Xiangyang and Dangyang. Judging from the geographical environment described in "The Ode to Climbing the Tower", Wang Can's climber is the tower in the southeast corner of Dangyang, because there you can see the Tao Zhugong Tomb in the west of Jiangling and the Tomb of King Chu Zhao in the southeast of Dangyang, which are immediately called "Taomu" and "Zhaoqiu" in the Ode. Wang Shizhen, however, thinks that Liu Biao has always been in Xiangyang, and Zhong Xuan is in Liu Biao's position, so he should not go to Xiangyang and climb the tower of his county. Therefore, Zhong Xuan Tower should be "in Xiangyang, and it is a little far to assign things, but close to reason". Wang Shizhen's statement is not unreasonable, but Xiangyang is close to Xiangjiang River and Hanshui River, and it is too far away from Zhangshui and qu shui mentioned in Fu. Although Fu allows exaggeration and imagination, it is difficult to explain why Wang Can should stay as close as possible, so it is still generally believed that the real Zhongxuan Building should be in Dangyang.
The first paragraph of "Ode to the Tower" describes the scenery that the author saw after he boarded the tower, and the pen suddenly drops, taking "Although I believe in beauty rather than my country, how can I stay less" as a turning point and turning to the second paragraph to describe my homesickness. So where is the hometown that the author misses? According to his native place, Wang Can was a native of Gaoyang, Shanyang (now southwest of Zouxian County, Shandong Province). However, his great-grandfather Wang Gong and his grandfather Wang Chang were both in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and his father Wang Qian also served as the general blades. It can be seen that his family has lived in Luoyang for a long time and he was born in Luoyang himself. When he was fourteen, Dong Zhuo moved to Chang 'an, Xian Di, and the Wang Can family followed suit. It was in Chang 'an that he was appreciated by Cai Yong, who was "outstanding in learning" at that time, and called him a "different talent". He even called himself "I am not as good as you" in public, which made Wang Zhongxuan's reputation rise. At the age of 17, he wrote a letter to the assistant minister of Huangmen. Because Dong Zhuo's ministry, Li Jue and Guo Si, made an insurrection in Chang 'an, Wang Can resigned, and "abandoned China, and was far from being handsome" (one of the Seven Sorrow Poems), he lived in Jingzhou and attached himself to Liu Biao. It was in Jingzhou that he wrote this article "The Ode to the Building". From this experience, we can see that the "my land" and "old hometown" that he missed in his Fu can refer to Luoyang and Chang 'an, and it can also refer to Shanyang Gaoping, which is difficult to sit down. It can be said that it is "China" relative to "Jing Man", that is, it refers to the "Central Plains" area of the Yellow River Basin. Therefore, when writing about homesickness in the second paragraph of "Ode to the Building", there are more abstract narratives than concrete descriptions: < P > I have been moved away because of the turmoil, and I have gone beyond the discipline so far. Love as soon as possible and return to Xi, who is worried about it? With the porch sill, I can see from afar and open my chest to the north wind. The plain is far and wide, covering the Gao Cen of Jingshan Mountain. The road is winding and winding, and the Sichuan is both overflowing and deep. Sad for the old hometown, tears are falling and forbidden. In the past, my father was in Chen Xi, and there was a sigh of "returning". Zhong Yi is quiet and Chu plays Xi, while Zhuang Zhong sings more and more. Human feelings are the same as cherishing the soil. Is it poor and disloyal?
in this paragraph, the first four sentences are written in vain, leaving home for a long time, and it is difficult to be worried; At the second level, eight sentences are written, looking at the hometown but not seeing it; At the third level, six sentences use three historical allusions to illustrate that no matter how poor or rich, human feelings are the same in nostalgia for their homeland. The three allusions cited are also the nostalgia of people who left the motherland for their own country: when Confucius was in trouble in Chen State, he said to his protege, "Go back to Lu"; Zhong Yi, a Chu man, was imprisoned in the military camp of the State of Jin, and played the music of the State of Chu to the King of Jin. Zhuang Tong, a Vietnamese, enjoyed wealth in Chu, and sang songs of Yue in his illness. It can also be seen that the "old hometown" that Wang Can misses is a broader concept.
Ruins of Luoyang City in the Han and Wei Dynasties
At the end of the second paragraph, although Wang Can's "human feelings are the same as nostalgia, but he is poor and disloyal", in fact, his inner anguish has a lot to do with his experience in Jingzhou. Wang Can stayed in Jingzhou for sixteen years, and he didn't return to the north with Cao Cao until Liu Biao died and his son Liu Cong surrendered to Cao Cao. In these sixteen years, he has never been reused by Liu Biao. Chen Shou's "The History of the Three Kingdoms" said that he was not more important than Liu Biao because he was "sleepy and weak", that is to say, his appearance was not outstanding, his body was thin and he did not repair his appearance; However, even from what he said to Cao Cao in the History of the Three Kingdoms, it can be seen that the more important reason is that Liu Biao relies on Jingzhou's geographical superiority and does not value talents. That remark was made by Wang Can when Cao Cao held a banquet on the bank of the Han River to celebrate his success after he entered Xiangyang. The original words were: "Liu Biao is graceful and graceful, and he thinks that Xi Bo can be disciplined. Those who avoid chaos in Jingzhou are all heroes in the sea; I don't know what to do, so the country is in danger and there is no help. " It can be seen that judging a book by its cover is only a very minor reason why Liu Biao doesn't reuse Wang Can. Even if Wang Can is tall and strong, I'm afraid he can only occupy a decorative position in Liu Biao's small court, and it is difficult to be of great use.
In the third and last paragraph of "The Ode to the Building", Wang Can expressed his pain that he was not reused and could not stretch his ambition:
Only when the sun and the moon are over the horizon, once the river is clear, it will not reach its extreme. One of the kings of Hebei is peaceful, pretending to be high and powerful. Those who are afraid of melons hang on, and those who are afraid of wells can't eat. If you walk late, you will lean on it, but when you are in the daytime, you will disappear. The wind is bleak and prosperous, and the sky is miserable and colorless. Animals are crazy about the flock, and birds sing and raise their wings. Yuan Ye, who had no one, took a husband's trip without interest. My heart is sad with feelings, and my heart is sad with feelings. Step by step, you will fall, and you will be angry with your chest. The night is mixed and sleepless, and the melancholy lingers on the opposite side.
The "Gourd" in Fu, that is, the gourd, uses the words of Confucius in The Analects: "Am I a Gourd? How can you tie it without eating! " Gourd is ugly, so Confucius complained when he couldn't show his ambition: am I a gourd? How can you just hang there for people to see and not eat! "Jing" cloud, the book of changes: "Jing does not eat, for my heart." It means that after the well is cleaned, no one still drinks its water, which makes people feel sad. These two allusions fully show Wang Can's confidence in his talents.
Wang Can's conceit is justified. According to the Records of the Three Kingdoms, he has an unforgettable memory that is different from ordinary people. Once he was walking with someone and saw a monument on the roadside, so he read the inscription. Later, the fellow traveler asked him if he could recite the inscription, and he said "yes". As a result, the inscription was recited on the spot without missing a word. On another occasion, watching others play Go, the chessboard suddenly broke down when it was almost finished, and the pieces were all rolling around. Wang Can took the other board and rearranged the previous game of chess. The chess player didn't believe that he could play a good game, so he covered the game with a towel and told him to play the same game again. As a result, the two games were exactly the same. In addition to a particularly strong memory, Wang Can's agility in thinking is also amazing, so he is good at arithmetic and poetry in one go. When he writes poetry, he often writes without stopping, without adding points, and he doesn't change a word at the end of the article, so that people who don't know him think that he has already written it by heart.
It is precisely because Wang Can has a strong memory and has read many classics since he was a child that he has the talent of "being knowledgeable and asking all the right questions". This talent was brought into full play after he voted for Cao Cao. When Cao Cao built the State of Wei, Wang Can was often responsible for the construction of the laws and regulations system, so he moved to worship the servants by the army for offering a drink. Wang Can finally realized his ambition of "pretending to be a high road and gaining strength" expressed in "The Ode to Climbing the Building", instead of "lingering in the opposite direction" at night. Unfortunately, he fell ill and died on the way to Sun Quan with Cao Caodong in the 22nd year of Jian 'an, and only lived for 41 years.
Cao Pi and Cao Zhi have a special affection for Wang Can. However, after the unfortunate death of Wang Can, the two brothers expressed their grief in different ways. Cao Zhi reposed his grief with a voluminous long obituary with a preface, which expressed his deep sadness, saying, "Who says it doesn't hurt! The early world is the ghost; Who said that it doesn't hurt, and the Chinese are numerous and zero "; In the obituary, he praised his talent and learning: "Remember what you hear and praise what you say. Wen Ruo is full of spring flowers. The speech can be sung, and the next pen is written. " Cao Pi's way of expressing grief is very special. When Wang Can's coffin was buried, Cao Pi brought his officials to the funeral. He said to his subordinates, "Wang Can likes to learn donkey barking all his life. Let's learn a donkey barking to send him off." So he learned to bark donkeys with his subordinates. I don't know which of the two different ways to express grief, which one would Wang Can appreciate more?