What kind of book is Twenty-four History?
Twenty-four histories, with a unified biographical style, completely and systematically recorded the vicissitudes of China for thousands of years before the demise of the Ming Dynasty. It is the only complete, most influential and most widely circulated official compilation of history in China (several of which were revised and approved by the official private sector). It is the most important handed down document among the voluminous ancient books in China, and it is the Mount Tai Kunlun in the history book of our country. For a long time, studying and studying the Twenty-four Histories has been an extreme sport pursued by countless people in China.
Twenty-four histories, with biographies of emperors as the key link, run through historical events, with tables connecting time and space, supplemented by figures and records of laws and regulations and astronomical calendars, show the historical panorama of China in an all-round and three-dimensional way. The characters recorded in it are emperors, nobles, officials, politicians, military strategists, writers, thinkers, scholars, lobbyists, strategists, rangers, hermits, businessmen, doctors, fortune tellers and intellectuals. The recorded social life includes politics, military affairs, economy, law, science and technology, diplomacy, literature, art, agriculture and commerce, finance and taxation, astronomy, geography, calendar, and even morality, religion, nationality and folklore. Twenty-four histories are an inexhaustible source of knowledge for many disciplines. It has always been a mirror for politicians, military strategists and thinkers to learn from history, govern the country, cultivate one's morality and keep one's family in order, and behave themselves.
The rapid and sustained development of China's economy has not only changed the face of China itself, but also subtly changed the world's economic and political structure, and reawakened the world's attention to China's history and China's culture. More and more people in China and more and more foreigners are interested in recording the twenty-four history of China civilization.
Twenty-four histories is an encyclopedia of China's history and culture. The genes of China culture are deeply rooted in its body. You can't read China without reading twenty-four histories.
Among the four sources of early civilization in human society: Nile, Indus River, Euphrates River and Yellow River Basin, only China has survived, its three middle roads have died and its flowers have withered.
The inheritance of Chinese civilization from ancient times to the present is a miracle of mankind, and a complete account of this process is a special case of all countries in the world. A 24-year history outlines the main line of the collision and fusion of various cultures with the Yellow River culture as the core in China's territory for 5,000 years, and records the panoramic scan of the Chinese nation in which the Han nationality in the Central Plains is running in and melting the conflicts among ethnic groups around the core.
Twenty-four histories, from the beginning of Historical Records to the end of Ming History, consist of twenty-four historical books with more than three thousand volumes and more than forty million words. It systematically recorded the 5,000-year history of China, from the Chinese ancestor Huangdi (before the 26th century) to the entry of Qing soldiers and the demise of the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1644). In the forty-ninth year of Qianlong (AD 1784), Emperor Qianlong signed the canon "Twenty-four History". Since then, it has been passed down to future generations with national history.
The Twenty-four History takes biographies of emperors as the key link, running through related events, supplemented by "tables" connecting time and space and people, supplemented by "records" such as laws and regulations and astronomical calendars. It shows the whole history of China in an all-round, large-angle, multi-level and three-dimensional way. Almost every stratum of the society was recorded: emperors, kings, officials, generals, ministers, officials, writers, philosophers, soldiers, militarists, monks, Taoists, scholars, sons, chivalrous men, hermits, Confucian classics, scholars, doctors, fortune tellers, businessmen, Jia, women, children, gifted scholars and prostitutes. It involves finance, politics, economy, military affairs, law, science, religion, literature, art and even morality, religion, nationality, folklore, society and life.
As an official history, Twenty-four History has its political connotation different from other historical books. Historical records bear the task of "observing the end of the book, observing the prosperity and observing the decline", and always make arguments around the actions of rulers in various dynasties, reflecting a lot of historical evolution information, which can not be ignored by leaders from all walks of life in various historical stages. Therefore, the cultural phenomenon of the twenty-four histories is also very special in China.
First of all, historical management is composed of "the beginning of the country, the governor of the prime minister, and the system of directors". Tang, Wuji, Fang, and various historical museums presided over the revision of this edition; Song Zengzhiquan, Ouyang Xiu, Yuan, Lian, etc. They were all influential ministers and scholars at that time. There is even the theory of "imperial writing"-the generation of Emperor Taizong Li Shimin, who pioneered the compilation of the official history of China's national history, personally wrote four historical theories, Two Biographies of Sima Yan and Two Biographies of Jin Shu Lu Ji and Wang Xizhi for Sima Yi in Xuan Di, among which Sima Yan was criticized as "forgetting the danger of living in smelting", "I don't know where to think", "It is difficult to draw a long time based on a new collection" and "the fate is impermanent"
Such a rich content makes every "official history" not only a general history, but also an encyclopedia. In addition, the seriousness of "opening up the country" and the reliability of "remembering the past and learning from the future" have become inexhaustible sources for future generations to study various specialized disciplines and history. Therefore, the educational function of "official history" has also been recognized by politicians of past dynasties. The arrangement of "official history" has become a traditional topic as important as the revision of history. Now we can see that from the Song Dynasty, when the woodcut printing technology was mature, imperial academy presided over the collating and engraving of the Song Dynasty (17 history) and the Ming Dynasty (2 1 history), and it was not until the Qing Dynasty Emperor Qianlong's Chen Duan that the twenty-four histories were finalized. Mao Zedong is a recognized leader in today's world. He has studied the history of twenty-four years intermittently and made many comments. As early as 1950s, when People's Republic of China (PRC) was founded, he instructed Zhonghua Book Company to mobilize talents nationwide to collate and proofread Twenty-four History. It took twenty years from 1958 to 1978, and finally the twenty-four school-based histories were published. Twenty-four histories are not only so important to politicians, but also very popular among the people.
Twenty-four histories [Official history of China in the late Ming Dynasty authorized by Emperor Gaozong of Qing Dynasty]
Serial number, title, author, volume number
1 Historical Records Sima Qian of the Western Han Dynasty 130
2 Han Han Ban Gu 100
3 Ye Fan 120 in Han Dynasty and Southern Dynasties and Song Dynasty
4 The Three Kingdoms keep 65 in the west.
5 Jin Shu, Tang Fang, Ling Xuan and others 130
6 Song Shen Liangyue 100
7 Xiao Zixian, southern Liang Chao, southern Shu Qi, 59
8 Liang Shutang Yao Silian 56
9 Chen Shutang Yao Silian 36
10 Shu Wei Beiqi Weishou 1 14
1 1 Bei Shu Qi Tang Li Baiyao 50
12 Zhou Shutang Ling Hudefen, etc. 50
13 Zhideng. eighty-five
14 heather Li Tang life extension 80
15 li yanshou, Tang Beishi 100
16 Old Tang Book, Later Jin, Liu Shao, etc. 200
17 "New Tang Book Ouyang Xiu and Song Qi" 225
18 Song Xueju and others, the history of the Old Five Dynasties 150
19 History of the New Five Dynasties Song Ouyang Xiu 74
20 Song Shiyuan Tuotuo et al. 496
2 1 Liao Shiyuan Tuotuo et al. 1 16
22 Jin Shiyuan Tuotuo et al. 135
23 Yuan Shiming Song Lian et al. 2 10
24 Ming, Zhang, etc. 332
Twenty-four histories, the general name of twenty-four historical books written by China in ancient times, are regarded as orthodox historical books by all previous dynasties, so they are also called "official history". It started in the legendary Yellow Emperor (2550 BC) and ended in the seventeenth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty (1644), with a total of 32 13 volumes and about 40 million words. It was written in a unified biography style combining biography and biography.
192 1 year, President Xu Shichang of the Republic of China ordered the New Yuan History to be included in the official history, and together with the twenty-four histories, it was called the twenty-five histories. However, some people do not include the history of the New Yuan Dynasty, but list the draft history of the Qing Dynasty as one of the twenty-five histories. In other words, if both books are included in the official history, the "twenty-six histories" will be formed.
The history of twenty-four histories
During the Three Kingdoms period, society was called "three histories". "Three History" usually refers to Historical Records, Hanshu and Dongjian Hanji written by Serina Liu in the Eastern Han Dynasty. After the appearance of the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, it replaced the History of the Eastern Han Dynasty and was listed as one of the "three histories". Three History and History of the Three Kingdoms are collectively called "the first four histories".
There is also the name of "Ten History" in history, which is a general term for the history books of the Three Kingdoms, Jin, Song, Qi, Liang, Chen, Northern Wei, Northern Qi, Northern Zhou and Sui Dynasties. Later, the History of the Thirteen Dynasties appeared. The History of Thirteen Dynasties includes Historical Records, Hanshu, Houhanshu and Ten History.
In the Song Dynasty, on the basis of the thirteen histories, the history of the South, the history of the North, the book of the New Tang Dynasty and the history of the New Five Dynasties were added, forming the seventeenth history. In the Ming Dynasty, History of Song Dynasty, History of Liao Dynasty, History of Jin Dynasty and History of Yuan Dynasty were added, which were collectively called "Twenty-one History". In the early years of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty, the History of Ming Dynasty was published, and together with the previous history, it was named Twenty-two History. Later, the Book of the Old Tang Dynasty was added as Twenty-three History. The History of the Old Five Dynasties was compiled from Yongle Dadian and included in it. The fourth year of Qianlong (A.D. 1739) was decided by Emperor Qianlong, which was collectively called Twenty-four History. And published "Wu Ying Dian Ben".
In ancient China, Twenty-four Histories were called "official history". The name of "official history" can be found in Sui Shu Jing Ji Zhi: "There are writings in the world, all of which are intended to be official history." After Emperor Qianlong signed Twenty-four Histories, the title of "official history" was exclusive to the Twenty-four Histories and gained the status of "orthodox" history books.
1920, ke shaowen wrote the new yuan history. In the tenth year of the Republic of China (192 1), President Xu Shichang took the New Yuan History as the "official history", and together with the Twenty-four History, it was called the "Twenty-five History".