Source: Song Wangshi's "Rope Swallow and Literati Talk" Tang Taizong reads three volumes of Magnolia every day, and makes up for it in his spare time. He tasted: "Opening books is beneficial, not laborious."
Interpretation: "Opening a book" means opening a book, that is, reading. Metaphor is good for reading.
Story: When Zhao Kuangyin, the great ancestor of the Song Dynasty, founded the Song Dynasty, there were still some separatist forces in various places. It was not until his younger brother Zhao Guangyi became emperor that the task of unifying the whole country was completed. After Zhao Guangyi acceded to the throne, he was renamed Zhao Guangling, known as Song Taizong in history. After Song Taizong unified the whole country, it was determined to carry forward the traditional culture and ordered to sort out all kinds of ancient books. At the same time, it also attaches importance to the collection of various ancient cultural materials. During the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (976-983). Ordered the compilation of three books, Taiping Guang Ji, Taiping Yu Pinglan and Wenyuan Huaying, which made important contributions to the protection and development of chinese heritage.
Seven or eight of the ten ancient books cited in Taiping Yu Lan are now out of sight. So it can be said that it is a collection of cultural knowledge before the Northern Song Dynasty. The original name of this book is Taiping Bian. After editing, Song Dazong attached great importance to it and stipulated that he should read three volumes every day and finish them all after one year. So it was renamed "Taiping Magnolia", which means the book read by the emperor himself during the years of Taiping and Xingguo.
Song Taizong's political affairs are very busy. He often fails to read this book as planned because he is dealing with other things, so he makes up reading in his spare time. The courtiers were afraid that he would study too long and affect his health. Taizong said, "As long as I open a book to read, I will get benefits, so I don't feel tired."
Go through the hall and enter the inner room ―― gain profound knowledge
Source: "The Analects of Confucius Advanced" Confucius said: "I have risen to the hall, but I have not entered the room."
Interpretation: "Tang" is the front room of the ancient house, and "stone" is the back room of the ancient house. The metaphor of "Ascension to Heaven" has just started. Entering a room is a metaphor for a higher realm. There are different degrees of success in learning, and now it is generally used to praise people who have been deeply taught by teachers in learning knowledge or learning technology.
Story: Confucius, a great thinker, politician and educator in ancient China, received more than 3,000 apprentices during his 40-year study career, including 72 famous disciples. Luz is one of 72 disciples. Lutz said to Confucius, I am like a straight bamboo pole, and I was born with a good arrow. Why are you still studying? Confucius enlightened him that reading makes people learned. It's like adding a feather to bamboo arrows's tail and a sharp metal head in front, so the arrow is more useful. After listening to what Confucius said was very reasonable, Lutz worshipped Confucius as his teacher. On one occasion, Luz played the harp in Confucius' house. He is brave, and his pop-up voice is as murderous as a war. Confucius advocated "benevolence" and "moderation". Naturally, he felt his voice was uneven and dissatisfied. He said, "Why does he play the harp in my house?" After listening to the teacher's words, Confucius' disciples realized that this was the teacher's bad comment on Lutz playing the harp, and their views on Lutz suddenly changed, and their words were somewhat disrespectful. After Confucius knew it, he explained to everyone: "Lutz's ability to play the piano has gone to the hall, but it has not yet entered the inner room." He has made some achievements, but he has not yet reached a profound position. "
Study hard
Source: Historical Records Confucius Family Confucius likes the Book of Changes later ... reading the Book of Changes. He said, "If you leave me for a few years, I will be gentle in Iraq."
Interpretation: "Wei" is cooked cowhide; "Bian Wei" refers to bamboo slips woven with cowhide ropes. "Three" is a divisor, which means many times; "Absolute" means broken. In order to read easily, Confucius turned over the bamboo slips of cowhide tendon many times. Later generations used the idiom "Bian Wei's Three Musts" to describe hard work.
Story: Books in the Spring and Autumn Period were mainly made of bamboo. Bamboo is broken into bamboo sticks, called bamboo slips, then dried with fire and written on them. Bamboo slips have a certain length and width, and a bamboo slip can only write one line, ranging from dozens to eight or nine. A book needs a lot of bamboo slips, which must be woven together with strong ropes and the like to read. Books like Yi, of course, are made of many bamboo slips, so they have considerable weight.
Kong Qiu spent a lot of energy reading the Book of Changes and basically understood its contents. I quickly read it for the second time and grasped its basic points. Then, he read it for the third time and had a thorough understanding of its spiritual essence. Later, in order to study the book deeply and explain it to his disciples, he read it many times. After reading this way, the cowhide belt of serial bamboo slips has been worn off several times, and it has to be replaced with a new one and reused many times. Even after reading these, Confucius said modestly, "If I were allowed to live a few more years, I would fully master the text and quality of the Book of Changes."
Frank and sincere
Source: The History of the Three Kingdoms Shu Shu Chuan On Zhuge Liang, Zhuge Liang is also ... sincere and fair.
Interpretation: People simplify "sincerity and justice" into an idiom to express sincerity, frankness and selflessness.
Story: During the Three Kingdoms period, Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu Han, won the trust of Liu Bei. Before he died, Liu Bei entrusted his son Liu Chan to him and asked him to help Liu Chan govern the world. He said sincerely that if you can help him, help him. If he does not listen to you and does something harmful to the country, you can take his place. After Liu Bei's death, Zhuge Liang tried his best to help Liu Chan, the mediocre queen, govern the country. Someone advised him to be king, but he flatly refused, thinking that he had already held such a high office entrusted by the late emperor. Now the crusade against Cao Wei has not achieved any results, but has increased the rank and rank, which is unfair.
Zhuge Liang treats people fairly and reasonably, without favoritism. Ma Su is a general whom he highly values. He was a striker when he attacked Cao Wei. Loss of street kiosks due to violation of alcohol prohibition regulations; Zhuge Liang strictly abided by the provisions of the military order and reluctantly killed him. Ma Su wrote to Zhuge Liang before his execution, saying that although he was dead, he had no complaints under his grave. Zhuge Liang himself took the responsibility for the fall of the street pavilion and asked the latter to approve his demotion from prime minister to left general. He also ordered his subordinates to criticize his shortcomings and mistakes. This was rare at that time.
In 234 AD, Zhuge Liang died of illness in the army. He was poor all his life and left nothing to his descendants.
On an equal footing with (sb)
Source: Zhuangzi Fisherman, Lord of Thousand Rides, King of Thousand Rides. He has no scruples when he meets his master, but he is still arrogant.
Interpretation: "Resist" the original "constant", which means equality and reciprocity. It means that the guest and the host stand in separate chambers and salute each other to show equal treatment. Later, it was compared to equality and opposition.
Story: One day, Confucius and his disciples were resting in the Woods. Disciples read books and Confucius played the piano alone. At the end of the song, a boat stopped at a nearby riverbank, and an old fisherman with a white beard went to the riverbank and sat at the other end of the forest, listening to Confucius play the piano. After the bullet played a song, the fisherman waved Confucius' disciples Zi Gong and Luz at him and asked, "Who is this old man playing the piano?" He said loudly, "He is our husband, Confucius, Mr. Lu!" " Zi Gong added: "He is a saint of Confucius and is famous for his loyalty and benevolence. "The fisherman said with a smile," I am afraid it is dangerous to forget the truth and kindness. " With that, the fisherman turned and walked towards the river bank. Zigong quickly reported the fisherman's words to Confucius. Confucius immediately put down the piano, stood up suddenly, and said in surprise, "This is a saint, go after him! Confucius hurried to the river and the fisherman was about to row ashore. Confucius bowed respectfully to him and said, "I have been studying since I was a child, and now I am 69 years old." Never heard of advanced teaching. How dare I ask you for help? " Fishermen are not polite at all. He got off the boat and said to Confucius, "The so-called truth; It is sincere, and it can't be moving without exquisiteness and insincerity. Therefore, those who insist on crying are sad but not sad. Although angry people are strict and arrogant, close people laugh it off. True sadness feels sad when there is no sound, strong when there is no real anger, and cordial when there is no smile from real relatives. If you are really inside and God is outside, then it is really valuable. This is used by human reason. Serving a relative is filial piety, serving a gentleman is loyalty, drinking is joy, and mourning is sadness. "
Confucius listened very enlighteningly and nodded all the time. Finally, Confucius said modestly to the fisherman, "It's so lucky to meet Mr. Wang .. I'd like to be your student and your professor." Would you please tell me where you live? " The fisherman didn't tell him where he lived, but jumped on the boat and rowed away alone. At this time, Yan Yuan had stopped the car, and Lutz gave Confucius the belt that was pulled on the car, but Confucius didn't care at all. He looked at the fisherman's shadow until he couldn't see it or hear the sound of rowing, and then got on the bus sadly. Lutz didn't understand the abnormal performance of Confucius, and asked beside the car, "I've been driving for you for so long, and I've never seen a fisherman so arrogant." Even if the emperor and the princes see you, they are relatively polite and treat each other as equals. You still have some self-respect! But today, the fisherman stood casually with a pole, and you bowed before you spoke. Is it too much? Several of our disciples were surprised by your actions. How can we respect fishermen so much? Confucius was very unhappy when he heard Lutz's words. He lowered his head and sighed and said, "Alas, Luz, you are so hard to teach. Your humble heart has not changed! Come closer, and I will tell you: "disrespect for the elderly is rude, disrespect for the sages is heartless and unloving, and it is a curse." Today, the fisherman is a wise man. How can I not respect him? "