? To sum up, there are the following statements:
? Radish or turnip (turnip) plants. This theory is often used in the modern translation and annotation of The Book of Songs. Such as "ancient poetry network": "Philippines: radish and so on." Interpretation on the Internet: "Fiji, a turnip plant, is also called fluorene. Ancient books refer to dishes such as radishes. " Yang Renzhi's comment on the modern translation of The Book of Songs: "Also known as radish, herb and root vegetable." There are two interpretations of Ci Hai: ① Turnip plants. Poetry, Gu Feng, Clapping cymbals and Fifi, Xinhua Dictionary, Mandarin Dictionary and Kangxi Dictionary are almost the same: one dish. Er Ya Cao Shi: "Fei, Swertia." Jin Guopu's note:' Philippine grass, raw wetland, looks like turnip, with purple flowers, which is edible. "
? (2) Zhuge Cai. Cihai: (Philippines) "② A fluorene". Erya Cao Shi: "Phenanthrene, fluorene." Also known as leek. Interpretation of tapir: "A Fei is also called Zhuge Cai". Panicum miliaceum. In early summer, lilacs bloom, and the fruit has a four-column shape with a beak like a bird. Young leaves and stems can be used as vegetables. " The explanation of "fluorene" is: "Plant name. Erya Cao Shi' phenanthrene, fluorene' is fluorene, which is Swertia. Panicum miliaceum, produced in northern and central China, can be used as an ornamental and as a vegetable. The online explanation of Swertia is roughly the same as "sea thorn": "millet. Lavender blooms in early summer for viewing, and its young leaves and stems can be used as vegetables and seeds to extract oil. Also known as "fee".
? As can be seen from the above explanation, phenanthrene, fluorene and Swertia refer to Orychophragmus violaceus of Cruciferae. Orychophragmus violaceus, also known as February blue, is an annual or biennial herb with a height of 10-50 cm. Basal leaves sometimes have big heads and feathers, which are a bit like radish leaves. The middle and upper leaves of the stem are not split, holding the stem. Flowers are purple, light red or light white, pods are linear, 7- 10 cm long, with 4 edges.
? In the Qing Dynasty, Wu Zhu's Textual Research on Plant Names and Facts contained: "Zhuge Cai is more common in northern China and Hunan. The newborn leaves are like small sunflowers, and the germinated leaves are like rape. The leaves on the stem are slightly wide and round, and they are also born on the stem. In early spring, four purple flowers are in full bloom. They are quite delicate and have white flowers. Those who are frost-tolerant and like cold, the calyx has been relaxed in February, and the food is very slippery. A thin root is not a mustard seed. "
? Orychophragmus violaceus is a good ornamental plant and a traditional wild vegetable, which can be cold-mixed and fried with unique flavor.
? (3) Sweet potato (sweet potato). Erya Cao Shi: "Phenanthrene, fluorene." Guangya: "Sweet potato, fluorene also." "Zheng Yun" and "Fei, sweet potato also." Erya Yi Shu: "Herbal king melon is also called sweet potato, but it is not." "Magnolia" quoted Cui Shi's "Four-person Monthly Order" as saying: February has passed, and sweet potato roots can be taken in March. Then the root of sweet potato is edible. There is no such thing as the word "Poetry" connected with the Philippines. He also said: "A scholar notes Erya: Ye Fei, fluorene leaves, Swertia leaves, sweet potato leaves, lodging leaves, five and one things. "."Kangxi Dictionary: "Fei, sweet potato also. Lu Ji's Book History: "Fei, the name of Youzhou is fluorene."
? In ancient books, there is no explanation about sweet potato except phenanthrene, fluorene, Swertia and lodging vegetables. There is a sweet potato entry in Compendium of Materia Medica, but it is another name of Cucurbitaceae, not a thing. The "sweet potato" found on the Internet is either leguminous potato or medicinal king melon. China does not produce sweet potatoes (potatoes), but only sweet potatoes.
? Sweet potato, also known as earth egg, Yunnan sweet potato, sweet potato, dried sweet potato, sweet potato, sweet potato, radish and so on. , belonging to Crocodile genus of Convolvulaceae. Perennial twining herb with tuberous roots underground, spherical or ovoid, sometimes 2-3 rows, with reddish brown, dark brown or fleshy white epidermis, starch and milky white mucus. Root starch is edible. Born in the grass on the hillside.
? On the Internet, I happened to see Volume 2 of Pu 'an Official Records recorded in Chai Lizhong's blog (which governs some counties and cities such as Panxian, Xingyi, Anlong and Pu 'an in Guizhou Province and Fuyuan in Yunnan Province), including "local products", including "Fei", and there was an explanation: "LAM Raymond followed Erya Cao Shi": "Fei". "Guo Pu's Note:' That is, sweet potatoes.' "Shu", a book by Xing Bing, quoted a land machine as saying:' The Philippines is like a dragonfly, with thick stems, thick and long leaves and much hair. Steamed in mid-March, smooth and beautiful, you can make soup. Youzhou people call it fluorene, erya is also called leek, and now Hanoi people call it vegetarian food. " "
? According to online introduction, sweet potato is called sweet potato in some places in Yunnan. Sweet potato is rich in starch and tastes slightly sweet. Locals usually eat it raw as fruit, but it can also be cold salad, fried vegetables or steamed.
? Wild cowpea is also commonly known as sweet potato, vine and purple flower. Its roots are usually spindle-shaped, but when it is old, it is woody and seems inedible. Its leaves are three leaves like cowpeas, not like rattan green, no? .
? The vines grow seedlings. Erya Cao Shi says, "Fei, Swertia." Lu Ji's Shi Mao cursive script: "The Philippines is like a dragonfly, with thick stems and long leaves and hair. Steamed in mid-March, smooth and beautiful, you can make soup. Youzhou people call it fluorene. " ? It is a general term for convolvulus, bowl flower and field convolvulus, and some also refer to bowl flower alone. Similar to the shapes of convolvulus, bowl flower and field convolvulus, only vines can grow seedlings with hairy stems and leaves. Rattan seedlings, also known as radial seedlings, dog seedlings, rabbit ear seedlings and rabbit seedlings, are perennial herbs. Shaped like a swirling flower, the stems and leaves are all white or yellowish brown, which means "the Philippines is like a dragonfly, with thick stems and long leaves with hair"; Its roots are slender and edible. "Disaster Relief Materia Medica" contains: "Also known as snail food, it was born on the hillside of Mi County. Born by dragging vines, the seedlings are more than three or four feet long and the stems have fine hairs. The leaves are as narrow as drops of gold and the head is quite neat. Open five big pink flowers. Roots are like bowls of flowers. Roots and leaves are sweet. " ?
? Let's analyze which one is the "non" in the Book of Songs.
? "Tai Gu Feng" means "picking weeds and picking Philippines, and there is no successor", which means picking mang Qingfei without abandoning its roots. This shows that the "flying" roots of plants are edible; If the Philippines is a sweet potato, the Moon Order for Four People says that "sweet potato roots can be harvested in February", which also shows that the plant "Philippines" is an edible rhizome. Judging from the names of Swertia Japonica and Susai, it should be a biennial or perennial (Swertia Japonica, Susai) plant with edible stems and leaves.
? The theory of radish or turnip plants may come from Guo Pu's interpretation of Erya Cao Shi (see above), but Guo Pu said that flying is a weed, not a cultivated vegetable. Lu Ji explained that "picking weeds and picking the Philippines, without the following body" is also called wild vegetables, and it is impossible to refer to cultivated vegetables such as radish or turnip. Furthermore, similar to turnips, there are Brussels sprouts, turnips and mustard bumps in underground bulbs, but their flowers are yellow, but there are no purple flowers. Radish has purple flowers, but radish is an annual. In the north of the Yellow River, it is generally sown in August in the solar calendar and harvested after autumn, which is inconsistent with the "sweet potato roots can be harvested in March".
? Zhuge Cai eats stems, leaves and fine roots, but there is no record of eating its roots. Saying "fee" does not conform to the meaning of "fennel charge"
? Both rattan seedlings and sweet potatoes are in line with poetry and Lu Ji's explanation of "non". Sweet potato has underground stems, similar to fennel, but sweet potato is only distributed in Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan. And it should not be produced in Thailand, Yan and Tang in northern Henan, Hebei and Shanxi. Moreover, sweet potatoes eat underground stems quickly, and the stems and leaves seem inedible. Judging from Luji's "steaming in mid-March can be used as soup", it should refer to tender stems and leaves; Third, look at the online "Erya Cao Shi", "Phenanthrene" and "Fluorene". "Didn't find the source of this sentence. Guo Pu's explanation of "Erya" and "Swertia japonica Thunb." is that "raw wetland, shaped like radish, is purple and edible. "If the water spinach is a sweet potato, you shouldn't say' Philippine grass'. Maybe "phenanthrene and fluorene" and "phenanthrene and Swertia" in Er Ya Cao Shi are two kinds of plants? That is, water spinach is not sweet potato?
? According to Lu Ji's Shi Mao cursive script, the word "flying" in Li's Book of Songs should refer to the long vine seedlings. It is the most poetic to say that "flying" is a radish, regardless of the ancient explanation.