The Romance of the Three Kingdoms regards Qiao Zhou's fate as the last straw for Liu Zhang. However, according to the Biography of the Three Kingdoms and Qiaozhou, in the eighteenth year of Jian 'an (2 13), Qiaozhou was only thirteen years old, but it was unconvincing to persuade Liu Zhang to surrender with the knowledge of divination.
Because of the official history, Qiao Zhou once advised Liu Chan to surrender, so the novel was borrowed.
"The Biography of the Three Kingdoms and Ma Chao" reads: "The late Lord sent people to meet Chao and go to the city gate. There were some earthquakes in the city, and Zhang kotow ... "That is, Liu Zhang was actually due to Ma Chao Enemy at the Gates, which eventually destroyed his confidence in guarding the city. ...
However, the biography of the reflection of Liu Zhangchuan also said, "At this time, there are still 30,000 elite soldiers in the city, and the grain and silk are supported for one year, and all the officials and people are dead. Liu Zhang, on the other hand, said,' Father and son have been in the state for more than 20 years, and they have no gratitude to the people. The people have been fighting for three years, and the people in the grass can't feel at ease! "hence the Kaesong out of the drop ..."
Since Liu Zhang still had the strength to resist, he chose Kaesong to surrender. Is it true that he is "close to the people" or is there an internal reason? ...
When Ada was stationed in Yizhou as an "Eastern Zhou soldier", he once suppressed the local strongmen. According to the biography of the reflection of Ada, after entering Yizhou, he was asked to kill more than ten people, such as the state strongmen and Li Quan, in order to establish a deterrent punishment, and he also killed money as a satrap, Ren Qi, and engaged in Jia Long in Yizhou.
It can be seen that Ada's political structure in Yizhou is mainly in Dongzhou, and he does not depend on the local family.
Liu's "Biography of Zhang" also quoted heroic deeds as saying: "The people of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty invaded and violently attacked the old people. Zhang could not ban them, and there were many laws and regulations, which made Yizhou quite resentful." When Liu Zhang came to power, there were constant conflicts between Dongzhou and the mainland, and the contradictions became increasingly acute. Armed conflicts occurred from time to time, which eventually gave birth to the rebellion of Yizhou people.
That is to say, Liu Zhang indulges the Eastern Zhou clan more and more, but turns around the Yizhou people.
According to the Legend of Heroes, "Nanyang and Sanfu people first flowed into tens of thousands of Yizhou, and they were taken as soldiers, which were called the soldiers of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty ..." In other words, except some of them originated from Guanzhong and Henan, most of them were originally Jingxiang people, which can also be said to be foreign forces.
The Eastern Zhou clan suppressed the resistance of local forces several times.
But "Dongzhou people" also know that in the long run, Dongzhou troops will always be exhausted and need to be supplemented and expanded urgently. Jingzhou ethnic group under Liu Bei is the first choice because of its innate affinity with "people of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty".
However, when Liu Bei entered Shu, the situation of local forces in Yizhou was quite different. ...
First of all, Liu Zhang invited Liu Bei to Shu in order to deter local forces and break the binary opposition between the Eastern Zhou Group and Yizhou Group. Followed by Jingzhou nationality, which is homologous to the Eastern Zhou nationality. After the merger, the two will jointly suppress local forces.
Finally, Liu Bei's attitude is unknown. After Liu Bei entered Shu, it is not known whether he followed in his footsteps and continued to support external forces to suppress the local area, or whether he eased up.
Even if it is alleviated, it is only for the middle and lower classes.
Therefore, there are "Zhang Zhuben, Huang Quan,, and interested in Guanghan Wang Lei abandoning the county in Zhoumen to remonstrate". However, Yizhou is located in the southwest, and its development is relatively backward compared with that of the Central Plains and Jingxiang, failing to form a strong local clan or local armed forces.
If Liu Bei enters Shu, the "Yizhou people" are the main people, but there is no place to turn over.
Therefore, Liu Bei's entry into Shu means that Liu Zhang lost the support of the clan in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, while the local clan was relatively weak. When Liu Beibing surrounded the capital, Liu Zhang had no external assistance or internal attachment. Even if Liu Zhang can't persist, he will be isolated.
It's meaningless except to annoy Liu Bei. It's better to choose a decent one.
To say the least, even if Cao Cao in the north came to help in time, Liu Zhang could not escape the fate of the prisoner. Relatively speaking, Liu Bei and his kindred, for their own reputation and the stability of Yizhou, will also give preferential treatment to Liu Zhang. Therefore, early surrender is also a rich and worry-free road.
To sum up, Liu Bei was able to have this opportunity to successfully enter Yizhou, which is the product of the intensification of contradictions between Dongzhou and Yizhou.
After Liu Bei entered Yizhou, although he settled in the hinterland of the south-central frontier, he managed the counties where Yizhou people and ethnic minorities lived together. Those who have made achievements in previous governors are also Yizhou people.
But it still maintains a political pattern dominated by Jingzhou and Dongzhou. ...
Take Zhuge Liang as the chief strategist, in charge of the affairs of the left general, the military aircraft and the overall situation; With Dong He as the commander of armies, he was in charge of the affairs of General Zuo's office. Together with Zhuge Liang, he presided over the affairs of General Zuo and Fu Fu.
That is, Jingzhou is the main place and Dongzhou is the auxiliary place, so that the two can be integrated as much as possible and become the basis of the political control center. Guan Yu also supervised the Jingzhou military; Zhang Fei is the prefect of Brazil, and Huo Jun is the prefect and general of Zitong, in charge of various military posts.
At the same time, the representative of Dongzhou, Fa Zheng, was appointed as the magistrate of Shu County, "the outside is the capital, and the inside is the main"; Liu Zhang's son-in-law, Guan Fei, was appointed as the prefect of Ba County and the governor of Jiangzhou, guarding the southeast of Yizhou; Li Yan, a former minister, was the magistrate of Guanghan, and Xiahou was the magistrate of Guanghan. After Xiahou compiled, he took over Guanghan with the help of wind and took full control of local government affairs.
And married Wu Yi's sister Wu Shi, who was a widow at that time.
In addition, a first-class celebrity lives in Shu and is regarded as a long-history general left; Liu Ba, a famous celebrity, is regarded as a human being. Meng Guang, Lai Min and Xu Ci are masters of ancient literature.
In the Biography of the First Master, "the head of the princes is the King of Hanzhong, and the Emperor Han Xian said:' General Ma Chao, General Xu Jing, General Pang, Battalion Commander, Zhuge Liang, General Guan Yu, General Zhang Fei, Minister Huang Zhong.
However, all the above people belong to Jingzhou and Dongzhou, and there is no local clan.
This paper evaluates Liu Bei's political and military form after he entered Yizhou with "Yuzhou enters Shu, Jingchu is precious" in Huayang National Records.
Therefore, in the world of Shu and Han, the resistance of local clans has not been completely eliminated. This kind of emotion also laid the groundwork for the collapse of Liu Bei's Shuhan regime in the future. ...