Tang poetry is an unprecedented peak in the history of ancient poetry in China. In less than 300 years, many famous poets such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Wang Wei and Li Shangyin have emerged, as well as hundreds of small and medium-sized poets with their own characteristics. According to the statistics of Complete Tang Poems, there are more than 2,000 poets and more than 50,000 poems (some of which were collected by mistake), and there are still many lost poems. For example, Mr. Chen supplemented more than 4,000 poems from various sources, and published A Supplement to All Tang Poems.
Due to the large number of poets and vast works, many anthologies of Tang poetry have appeared since the Tang Dynasty. For example, books that have been handed down to this day, such as Ba Suo Zhong Ji, He He and Guo Xiu Ji, etc. In the Song Dynasty, with the rapid popularization of block printing technology, many anthologies and anthologies of Tang poetry appeared. Among them, Wang Anshi's Selected Poems of Tang Hundred Schools is an important one. There are three main reasons why this book is important: first, Wang Anshi is famous and has a high position. He is a writer with a high literary level and a great person. This anthology has certain reference value for studying Wang Anshi. Secondly, the materials of Wang Anshi's poetry selection mainly come from Song Qiumin, a famous scholar and calligrapher in the Northern Song Dynasty. Song Min asked for more than 30,000 books, especially a collection of Tang poetry and Song poetry. Therefore, this collection of poems has high documentary value and can be collated. Third, this anthology is an anthology of poems of the whole generation. From the early Tang Dynasty to the late Tang Dynasty, * * * selected more than 100 poets and 1200 works, which are quite representative. According to the Five Dynasties to the Song Dynasty, there are many anthologies of Tang poetry, but there are few anthologies of Tang poetry in the whole generation, and even fewer of them have both styles. Before this book, the existing anthologies were You and Cai Yuan Ji, followed by Tang Poems and Zhong Miao Ji, but the latter two were not all selected.
According to Wang Anshi's preface, this book was compiled when he was a judge in the third division. Referring to your own official experience, it should be written around 1060. There are two systems of publishing and engraving many times in Song Dynasty, namely, dividing books according to arrangement and dividing books according to the content of works. Judging from the documents we have seen at present, especially the existing preface of Wang Anshi and the preface of Pan Yang in the Song Dynasty, both of them talk about "a hundred schools of thought contend" without mentioning classification. It can be inferred that Wang Anshi should have been divided into people, and the classification book was rearranged according to the division of people. Mr Huang Yongnian also holds this view. Mr. Huang said in the school-based explanation: "... the secret edition of the Song Dynasty, after being sorted by the Song people, is not the true face of the original book." It's a pity that there are only fragmentary volumes left in these two books, and the Song edition, which can better reflect the original appearance of Wang Anshi's selected works, is now in Shanghai Library, with one to nine volumes. This edition was once designated as a five-tone engraving in the Yuan Dynasty in the Northern Song Dynasty. Now it seems that it should be a reprint between Shaoxing and Xichun in the Southern Song Dynasty (please refer to the relevant contents of Mr. Chen Xianxing's lecture on "Speaking Good Books First"). At present, there are two classified books, one of which has only ten volumes left, and is now in the Jingjiatang Library in Japan. The other is a revised edition carved in the Song Dynasty, with a total of eight volumes, which is now in China Library.
Wang Anshi's Preface to Selected Poems of Tang Baijia
During the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, Selected Poems of Tang Hundred Schools were not published. By the time of Kangxi, this book was already very rare. Luo Song has bought it for many years. Later, when he was the governor of Jiangning, he got Xu Gan's eight volumes (five to eight volumes, thirteen to sixteen volumes) of Old Song, so in the autumn of Kangxi Chen Geng (1738), he called his protege Qiu Jiong "Shang Zhong Zi". Three years later, Luo Song got the complete edition through the introduction of the famous calligrapher Mao Yi, and asked Qiu Jiong to supplement the 12 volume to make it a 20-volume book, which was completed the following year (1704). This edition is also divided into people-oriented. This book is well collated and exquisitely carved, and it is really faithful to the original. The lack of pens in the Song Dynasty was also copied. Therefore, after engraving, it was highly valued, widely circulated and reprinted many times. At present, this book is basically available in relatively large libraries, such as several national maps, and it often appears in ancient book auctions. What is rare is the so-called first edition printed on paper.
But without exception, these books are all full-volume editions of 20 volumes, that is, the printed edition after the engraving of 1704, while the first printed edition of the original engraving of 1700 has never been recorded (only Huang Pilie mentioned it, see below for details). And we can determine from Luo Song's preface to the whole book that the eight-volume book was really printed after it was engraved: "Harmony is fruitful, and those who cherish it win ..." So is this eight-volume first edition still in circulation? Moreover, a careful study of the writing process of Kangxi reprint will inevitably lead to a question: did Qiu Jiong modify the original eight volumes in the process of adding eight volumes to twenty full volumes? What's the difference in words? Because the old incomplete Song version of A Study of Xu Gan, which was obtained by Luo Song in those years, has been lost, we can only get a glimpse of this Song version through the first edition of eight volumes during the reign of Kangxi and Chen Geng. According to the postscript of He Chao contained in The Book of Song Dynasty, the 20-volume complete edition purchased by Luo Song at that time was not a copy of the Song Dynasty, but a copy, probably a copy of the early Ming Dynasty. Combined with Qiu Jiong's 20-volume postscript, "Twenty volumes of Ni Shu were restored on Changshu Avenue in the last three years", this manuscript is a Ni engraving in the Southern Song Dynasty. It can be said that, in terms of literature value, the first eight volumes can convey some information of the remnants of the Song Dynasty, which plays an irreplaceable role, second only to the Song version.
I happen to have this first eight-volume book, which is from Lu. It was packaged into two rolls and printed on bamboo paper. The first volume is five to eight volumes and the second volume is thirteen to sixteen volumes. There are Wang Anshi's Preface and Yan Ruoqu's Postscript first, then Luo Song's Preface, and finally Qiu Jiong's Postscript. Let's briefly compare and analyze the difference between it and the 20-volume full version:
First of all, the preface and postscript are different. There are only 20 existing full-volume editions with the preface and postscript of Luo Song's reprinting, but there is no original preface and postscript of Kangxi's Chen Geng year. The original preface and postscript describe the printing process of eight volumes in more detail. In the original preface, Luo Song also made a long analysis of the First Choice of Tang Poems in Pan Yang, and this part was also deleted in the re-engraved preface (according to the existing Selected Works of Luo Song, although the original preface has reservations, the words are still slightly different). Qiu Jiong's original postscript is not quoted elsewhere, and the text is not too long. I copy it here for reference:
According to the Book of the Tang Dynasty, 100 poems and 1246 poems were compiled for the second time, which was taken by Wang, and the world thought it was compiled. Ye's family in Shilin said: without self-confidence, poetry is what he wants, and it is no longer tolerant. Such as "it's raining all over the world, and I don't know where the dragon is going". , are straight to the chest. Later, he was a pastoral judge and made a fake collection of Tang Poetry from the Song Dynasty. In his later years, when he became deeply interested, a careful examination of his choices was obvious, and Gong Jing's complacency was also deep. My teacher, Song Gong of Shangqiu, visited and bought this eight-volume book a few years ago, which is very valuable. Geng, Yu and "Hundred Poems" Yan Xianggong paid tribute to Weiyang Administrative Office. I was afraid that I would be easily forgotten, so Gong Jing took his big finger, but I didn't know it later, so I urgently asked the public to count it and pay attention. It is a mistake to bow to the school, there is a word difference between the two. If you stay away from the public, you will be asked right and wrong, and you will have to wait until next month to finish. Or those who regret their imperfections, hehe! Wen Yuan has a volume of 100, and Wei Songyou has a volume of 19, which means that 12 is missing from Su Shi's recent annotation. Do ancient books have to be complete before they are precious? Postscript of Hu Aishan and Yang Qiu
Postscript of Qiu Jiong's Selected Poems of Tang Hundred Schools
Preface to Luo Song's Selected Poems of Tang Hundred Schools
Secondly, after Wang Anshi's Preface to Selected Poems of the Tang Dynasty, there is an inscription by Yan Ruoqu in the first eight volumes, with more than 300 words * *, saying that "the preface to the right Wang Yuan was concentrated, and the Song Dynasty was lost, and the rest was taken from the concentration to see the old clouds". Twenty complete volumes have been deleted. At the prompt of Mr. Guo Lixuan, I found that this article is contained in the fourth volume of Yan Ruoqu's Notes on Qian Qiu, and the text is basically the same.
In terms of writing, this first edition is also different from the full edition of 20 volumes in many places (taking this "National Map" as an example), which was obviously modified during the engraving process.
For example, the fifth volume of Wang Changling's Gift from Zheng County was changed to Gift from Zheng County to Yuan Er, and Mr. Huang Yongnian's collated version was marked as Yuan Er here, and there was no Song version (according to the publishing house, the Song version here refers to the above-mentioned residual Song engraving). Obviously, the eight volumes of the Song people are the same as those of the Song people in the above picture. Volume 5 "Send Liu Shaofu to Yanling" by Li Qi, in which "Nantian customs are different", and this note is collated as "Nantian, Song version and secret version are Nanchuan". The first eight volumes printed here are "Nanchuan". If you look closely, you will find that the first 20 volumes of the whole page are also printed as "Nanchuan" and the last 20 volumes are changed to "Nantian". It can be seen that the 20 volumes of the whole page have been revised one after another. There are many differences between the first printing and the second printing of twenty volumes. Let me give you a few more examples: Volume XIII, Song of Farewell by Wang Jian, Eight Volumes by Chu Yin and Yang Shaohe are all written as Farewell; Volume 15 Lu Tong's eclipse poem is called Generation of Heaven, and the first edition is called Generation of Eternity. Huang Yongnian's collating notes are "Seeking for Heaven on behalf of heaven, and classifying books" substitute for heaven "; Gu Yu's "Seeing Mr. Zhang's Temple in Wonderland" and "If the rafters are only horizontal", the first edition is "Poor Springs are only horizontal". Collation notes cloud "inspection of posts", classification book "inspection of power" )
Feng Liu was given by Su Tao in Zheng County.
Volume 6 Zhang Biao's "Appreciating Meng Yunqing in the North" was changed from "those who are talented in letter and writing", and Mr. Huang Yongnian revised it according to Song Ben and He Chao. (Mr. Huang's collating note: "Lucky", this book is "Wen", according to Song Ben and He Jue. He Xiao: Obviously, I have never seen this eight-volume edition (according to: Mr. Huang's original edition is his twenty-volume edition, which has been examined and approved by He Chao. But obviously, this book is a post-print. It would be better if Mr. Huang could refer to the first 20 volumes, such as the national map and the book.
Go to the north to reward Meng Yunqing
These points are the same as the above eight volumes of the first printed edition and the existing Song edition, but there are also differences. For example, in the fifth volume, Yung Wing's Jingzhou Guanyuan Rongshi, the sentence "Gailu, Po, burning white grass and empty space" and the Song version above are "burning Qiang white grass and empty space", both of which seem to be within reach. These four volumes (5-8), eight volumes of the first printed edition are the same as the existing Song edition, but there are many examples that are different from the 20 volumes of the full edition, so I won't list them one by one. Here is an example. As there are only one to nine volumes of the existing Song version in the above picture, what are the differences between the first eight volumes of the thirteen to sixteen volumes and the full version of the twenty volumes, so as to get a glimpse of Xu Gan's reference to the old eight-volume Song version? The following are some comparisons of different languages, which are not all listed, and each volume has examples:
Volume 13 Wang Jian's "Three Lines in the Palace" and "Watching Flowers in Furong Garden", the first edition of eight volumes is "Furong Garden"; Volume 14 Linghu Chu's Welcome to Send Jiangzhou Money back to Assistant Minister, which contains "The Surge Invades Yi Run", the first edition is "Mountain Road"; Volume 15 Jia Dao's "South Pool" is "Difficult to Drowning", and the first edition is "Drowning Tears"; Volume 16 Li Pin's "Sending People to the Lane" and "Xinghan Sleeping in the Water", the first edition is "Xinghan Sleeping in the Water".
Xiang kou Lian ren
Although many of these variants are not necessarily better than the 20-volume full edition (the addition and revision are of course justified), they are closer to the original appearance of the 8-volume residual Song edition and have unique literature reference value.
Finally, let's speculate on the relationship between Xu Gan's old eight-volume remnant Song version and the above existing Song version. First of all, both of them are humanists, retaining Wang Anshi's true colors. Secondly, as mentioned above, according to the textual research of Mr. Chen Xianxing, the above-mentioned Song edition is a Shaoxing engraving of the Southern Song Dynasty, which was restored and reprinted between Xi Chun. This book has been photocopied and published, which is relatively easy to obtain. It can be observed that Shaoxing's original font is European style, which is very neat, while the restored version has different styles and is slightly rough. Kangxi's first eight-volume edition, named Shang Zhong Zi, also adopted a neat European style, avoiding the rigor of the Song Dynasty until it was "structured". And the layout of the two lines is the same, ten lines and eighteen characters, and the mouth is white. So I think this eight-volume remnant Song edition may be a Shaoxing engraving, which should be the first printed edition. Because as mentioned earlier, the first printed version of the sentence "burning grass and empty grass" in Volume V is different from the Song version above, and the Song version is "burning Qiang". Looking closely at the Song version, it happens to be the page printed after the supplement, which may be the variant characters that appeared during the supplement. Huang Pilie compared the first eight volumes with the Song version, and wrote a postscript, which is now kept in the fourth volume of "Continued Records of Inscriptions in the Garden": "I got the residual Song version from the May 6th Bookstore, only eleven volumes (publishing house, this is the residual Song version above). ..... Jiaqing was in Chen Wu in the summer when he was thirteen. On the afternoon of June 24th, he passed by the Wuliu Bookstore, and was invited by the master Dazhong in Yang Qiu of Huaishan to the fifth to eighth volumes and the thirteenth to sixteenth volumes of Selected Poems of Tang Dynasty by Wang. So he got the right one and realized that it was the same. Obviously, although Huang Pilie didn't list the specific reasons, he also thought that the manuscript of the first edition of Kangxi's eight volumes was "the same" after comparison.
To sum up, the eight volumes of Xu Gan's old Song edition are probably the original edition of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty, while the eight volumes of Qiu Jiong's original edition reprinted by him were not modified when they were later supplemented, and the features of Xu Songben were well preserved, among which four volumes (13- 16) have irreplaceable literature value.
Editor in charge: Zheng Shiliang
Proofreading: Shi Yan
The above is related to the year of Kangxi Chen Geng, and it is about sharing in Song Dynasty. After watching Kangxi for twenty-four years, I hope this will help everyone!