I am also participating in the debate, but ours is the negative side, you can also be the positive side. . .
The Political Achievements of the First Emperor of Qin
1. Politics
1. Improving the dignity of the emperor: Yingzheng thinks that he has made merits and demerits of the "Three Emperors" and has both virtues and virtues. The "Five Emperors", therefore, were combined into "Emperor" by taking the honorific titles of ancient emperors, and were used as the proper title for the Son of Heaven. From then on, the monarch in Chinese history was called the "Emperor", and the winner of the government was called Qin Shihuang. In addition, a series of special names are used to show the supreme authority of the country's supreme ruler. For example, the emperor calls himself "I", his order is called "Zhi" or "Edict", and his seal is called "Xi".
2. Strictly implement centralization of power: the prime ministers are each responsible to the emperor, and everything takes orders from the emperor. In addition, the Shiqing Shilu system was abolished, and officials from the central to local governments were appointed and removed by the emperor and had no right to be hereditary.
3. Implementing severe punishments and laws: The Qin Dynasty revised a set of strict laws based on the original laws of the Qin State and promulgated them throughout the country.
2. Military
1. Building the Great Wall: Qin Shihuang connected the old Great Walls built by Yan, Zhao and Qin in the north during the Warring States Period. , starting from Lintao and reaching Liaodong, extending more than ten thousand miles."
3. Economy
1. Unified currency: It is prohibited to use turtle, shell, jade and other coins of each of the six countries. It is stipulated that two round currencies, gold and copper, should be uniformly used throughout the country, with gold as the upper currency and copper as the lower currency.
2. Unify weights and measures: The Qin State, measurement and weighing instruments of Shang Yang's time were used as the standard for calculating length, size, and weight across the country.
3. Determining the private ownership of land: Since the Qin Dynasty abandoned the well fields and opened Qianmo during the Shang Yang period, it has gradually allowed the private ownership of land and the free sale and purchase of land. After unifying the country, the Qin Dynasty paid more attention to agricultural production and asked people who owned land to report the number of fields they occupied and pay taxes, officially recognizing the legality of private ownership of land.
4. Transportation
1. Construction of Chidao: Qin built a wide and uniform Chidao based on the original carriage and horse roads of the Six Kingdoms, with the capital Xianyang as the center.
2. Communicating waterways: Qin dredged Honggou as a waterway hub, and in 214 BC, built a more than 60-mile Ling Canal to connect the Hunan and Li rivers.
5. Culture
1. Unified writing: During the Warring States Period, "the fields were in different acres, the roads were on different tracks, the laws and regulations were different, the clothes and hats were in different systems, the speech was in different sounds, and the characters were in different shapes" Qin Shihuang ordered Li Si to simplify the original Qin seal script into small seal script, which was widely used throughout the country. Later, Xiaozhuan was simplified and became official script, which became popular throughout the country during the Qin Dynasty.
2. Controlling thoughts: In order to prevent the people from resisting, Qin Shihuang also implemented strict ideological control, such as issuing a book ban, confiscating and burning books, and killing more than 400 Confucian scholars who criticized the government. It is known in history as "burning books and entrapping Confucians".
6. External Affairs
After Qin Shihuang annexed the six countries and unified the world, he resumed the northern expedition to the Xiongnu and the southern pacification of Baiyue, which greatly determined the territory of China, stretching from Longshu in the west to Liaodong in the east. Starting from the desert in the north and reaching the South China Sea in the south, it formed the basis of China's later territory.
1. Northern Expedition of the Huns: Since the end of the Warring States Period, the Huns have often invaded the south, threatening the lives, property and safety of the people of Yan, Zhao, Qin and other countries. On the basis of the old Great Wall, additions were made to form a so-called "Great Wall of Ten Thousand Miles" that is more than 5,000 miles long. It is one of the greatest construction projects in ancient China and the world.
2. Overview of Baiyue: Baiyue is the general name for the Yue people in southern China in ancient times. Before the unification of the country, Qin had gradually conquered Ouyue, Minyue, etc.
◎ The Tyranny of Qin Shihuang
1. Excessive levies and extremely heavy taxes: In order to maintain huge military expenditures and engineering construction and satisfy his extravagant and lustful life, the First Emperor did not hesitate to impose The people imposed heavy taxes, and a serious situation appeared in the country where "men are hard at work, but there is not enough food and wages, and women are spinning and weaving, and they are not enough for clothes, and all the wealth in the world is used up to serve their government." As a result, the people are in dire straits. .
2. He was eager for quick success and abused people's power: Qin Shihuang was eager for quick success and did not care about the sentiments of the people. He carried out large-scale construction projects and fought everywhere for years. For his own extravagant desires, he built Afang Palace and Lishan Tomb near the capital, which cost seventy people. More than ten thousand people. It is estimated that the number of people serving in the military at that time was well over two million, accounting for more than one-third of the prime-age men. Such heavy taxes and hard labor are beyond the tolerance of the people.
3. Severe punishments and harsh laws aroused public dissatisfaction: Since Shang Yang’s reform, Qin’s laws have been very strict. One person was punished with death and three tribes were punished. Neighbors of one family who committed crimes were punished, and people were often punished with hard labor or tortured.
4. Suppressing thoughts and burning books to entrap scholars: Qin Shihuang also imposed severe punishments on the field of thought, wantonly controlling thoughts and restricting freedom of thought.
5. Conclusion: Qin Shihuang made great contributions in politics, military, and culture, but his cruel personality made the people miserable. Perhaps this was a major factor in the demise of the Qin Dynasty. Bar!
So Qin Shihuang’s merits outweigh his faults
It’s OK. . .