1, the Shuicheng school headed by Werner, a German, believes that in the early days of the earth's formation, its surface was completely covered by the "primitive ocean". Minerals dissolved in this primitive ocean gradually precipitate. The first thing separated from these solutes is a thick layer of granite, which spreads on the "core" part of the earth with uneven surface, and then deposits layers of crystalline rocks. Werner called these crystalline rock formations and the granite beneath them "primitive rock formations". He thinks that "primitive rock stratum" is the oldest rock on the earth. He also believes that because the sea water drops again and again, the hills exposed from the water surface and formed by primitive rocks are eroded, forming sedimentary rocks, which he calls "transition layer". He believes that the strata containing fossils above the "transition layer" are all produced in a disguised form by the "original rock strata". He insisted that the basalt sandwiched in it was the ash from the burning of sediments after the underground coal seam was ignited, not the rock flow.
2. The fire school, led by Englishman Hatton, believes that granite composed of various minerals, including Yingshi, can't be the product of crystallization of minerals in aqueous solution, but the crystalline rock mass formed after high-temperature melt cooling. Because granite occupies a basic position in the rock layer on the earth's surface, the formation of granite can not be separated from the formation of rocks on the earth, that is, the development history of the earth. The plutonism went further from the edge of this granite matrix, and found a lot of evidence to prove that the crystalline granite veins separated by it are embedded in the surrounding rocks, and thought that timely minerals could never be dissolved in water, so how could they be crystallized from aqueous solution? They further noticed that the rocks in contact with granite or dikes often have obvious interlacing and anxiety, which proved the role of high-temperature lava intrusion. In addition, after careful inspection by the fire school, the mineral particles that make up basalt are mostly minerals that are crystallized by cooling in a molten state.