Legend has it that there is a bug called "strange", which has five senses and is melted by resentment.
Dong Fangshuo's explanation is unscientific and unreliable. But when he said this, he was actually trying to persuade Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty to be benevolent and not to kill innocent people indiscriminately, causing people's resentment and resistance. The reason why the Qin Dynasty perished in the second year was precisely because of "public mourning and public resentment", which should be taken as a warning.
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More specific explanation:
Dong Fangshuo and the "Strange" Story
In Volume 140 of the Summary of the Catalogue of Sikuquanshu, Ceng Yun learned a "lesson":
"Shu He Guangyuan. Dong Fangshuo's argument about strange insects (for example, the novel has been lost. For this article, see Taiping Guangji, page 473) is attached. "
The "novel" mentioned here is the novel compiled by Yin Yun of Nanliang. Although it has long been lost, you can see the edited version. In addition to Lu Xun and Yu Jiaxi, Zhou Lengga also has a compilation. In Zhou Lengga's version, the story of "strange" originally came from Shuo Jiao, and the original note was Legend of the New Moon. I guess it refers to the biography of Dong Fangshuo:
Emperor Wu was fortunate to be in Ganquan Palace. There are insects in the red knife, the color is red, and the leader's teeth, ears and nose are all there, which is unknown to the viewer. The emperor showed the new moon and said to him, "This is very strange. During the Qin Dynasty, prisoners were innocent, and many people were worried and resentful. Xian looked up and sighed,' what a strange thing! Beggars get angry when they move heaven, hence the name' Qi'. This place must be Qin's prison. "That is, according to the map, Guo Qin was imprisoned. He asked again, "Why do you want to exterminate insects? "Shuo said," Those who are worried will drown their sorrows by drinking. "So people put bugs in wine, and after a while, the fruit will be scattered. (The 60th novel of Yin Yun, first edition of Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House 1984)
This "strange" story is one of the best stories in Dong Fangshuo, so its editor Yin Yun is really good. Zhou Lengga quoted Shi Nan and others in the Preface to Yin Yun's Novels, saying that he was "free and easy, regardless of details". Judging from this sketch, Yin Yun still has a rare imagination and superb irony to write so brilliantly. Perhaps, because of this, it has appeared in other books many times. So far, I have only collected these five versions:
1. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was lucky that a bug stood in his way ... The emperor asked Dong Fangshuo to look at it and said to him, "This insect has a strange name. In the past, it was innocent ... this place must be the prison of Qin. " Just believe it according to the picture. ..... put the worm in the wine, and it will soon disperse. ("Taiping Guangji" Volume 473, "Novel")
2. Another Biography of Dong Fangshuo said: Emperor Wu was lucky to have sweet springs, and Osaka Road in Changping was covered with insects, such as red liver. Shuo said, "You must be in Qin prison. If you are worried about your husband, you can solve your worries with wine. " Is to put bugs in wine to kill elk. Give a hundred silks. The same is true after the car is filled with wine. ("Taiping Yu Lan" Volume 818, Cloth and Silk Department 5)
3. Another Biography of Dong Fangshuo said: Liang Wudi was fortunate in Ganquan, and there were insects on Sakaguchi Road in Changping, red as liver, and the leader was articulate. Pioneer has replied to the report, and the superior told him to read it, but he didn't know it. When Xinyue was in the car, he showed it. Xinyue said, This is strange. It is necessary to locate Qin prison. The superior made it according to the picture, and the leader asked how Xinyue knew it, and Xinyue said. (Yiwenhui, Volume 72, Food Department, Taiping Yulan, Volume 845, Food Department III also cited, with slightly different words)
4. "County Records" said: Changping Sakamoto, the north 15 miles of Xianyang County, Yongzhou, was fortunate in Ganquan, and the road was full of insects and red as liver. When asked about Dong Fangshuo, Shuo said: "Qin prison is also unfair. I can smell the wine and get rid of my troubles. " If you pour it with wine, the fruit will be sold. (Taiping Yu Lan, Volume 53, Part 18, Osaka)
5. "The Journey of Guangwu" said: Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was fortunate in Ganquan Palace, with insects at the equator and red eyes and nose. The audience was ignorant, so the emperor showed it to Dong Fangshuo and said to him, "This Qin Dynasty is innocent, and all people are worried about death. Salt looked up and sighed, so clear. This must be the prison of Qin. " The new moon also said, "Those who are worried will drown their sorrows by drinking, and they will also drown their sorrows by drinking." So put the bug in the wine and it will disperse in a minute. ("Taiping Yu Lan" Volume 944, Insect Article 1)
The first novel has little difference in words. The second and third kinds are both from Dong Fangshuo Biezhuan, but they are different: the former says that there are insects covering the land, while the latter does not mention the word "covering the land"; The former says "husband is worried" and the latter says "husband is worried".
The fourth kind of county annals is probably the county annals of Sima in Jin Dynasty. In this way, the book's record of "strangeness" is much earlier than "Different Garden".
I don't know who wrote the fifth edition of Guang Wu Ji Xing. The text is more important than the above. There is an article "Jiangzhou Abnormal Monk" in Volume 220 of Taiping Guangji, which is also quoted in the book. The full text is as follows:
In Yonghui, a monk in Jiangzhou choked and refused to eat. A few years later, he told his disciple Yun: "When I can't breathe, I can open my chest and throat to see what is there and want to know its roots." Finally, I said it and died. Disciple opened his eyes as he said, and there was something in his chest that looked like a fish and had two ends, knowing that it was covered with scales. Disciples come to the bowl and jump. The play is caused by various flavors. Although you don't eat it, it will turn into water soon. In addition, all poisons are destroyed with the sale. In midsummer, the blue was ripe, the temple was full of indigo, and a monk went. Because of the lack of indigo, the insects were afraid, ran around the bowl and suddenly turned into water. It is said that indigo hydrotherapy is used to treat asphyxial diseases.
Yonghui is the title of Tang Gaozong Li Zhi (650 years in the first year of Yonghui). This book is quoted by Guangji and must be a work of the Tang Dynasty. Judging from this "Jiangzhou Abnormal Monk", the writing style is not smooth. The plot that only indigo can change in Jiangzhou monks' chests is similar to the plot that wine can eliminate strangeness. Maybe this book is dedicated to treating diseases with potions.
Now, according to the earliest county records, let's see how the story of "Qi" changed later:
"County Records" said: Pingban was in the north of Xianyang County, Yongzhou, and Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was fortunate in Ganquan. The road is crawling with bugs, as red as liver. When asked about Dong Fangshuo, Shuo said: "Qin prison is also unfair. I can smell the wine and get rid of my troubles. " If you pour it with wine, the fruit will be sold. (Taiping Yu Lan, Volume 53, Part 18, Osaka)
From here, I can't see the name of "Qi", and naturally there is no description of sighing at the sky. The effect of satirical art is greatly reduced, and I wonder if the original text really doesn't exist.
Chang Ping Ban can't be found in Yin Yun's novels or Guang Wu Xing Ji.
The details of "insects are everywhere and red as liver" were simplified or rewritten by Yin Yun's novels and Guangwu Jixing: Yin Yun's novels only said "insects are red", and later Guangwu Jixing said "insects are red" and thought that "strange" was only red in the head and "red as liver".
Details such as "Gaidi", "Red as Liver" and "Changping Class" can be found in Dong Fangshuo Biezhuan quoted in Volume 53 of Magnolia in Taiping. Accordingly, the approximate creation time of Dong Fangshuo Biezhuan can be guessed at least: it must be after Nanliang, because the "strange" story in the book belongs to the "collection cost".
"Zhou Lengjia Edited Notes" Article 58 of the second volume of Yin Yun's novels: "Sui Shu's Classics and Records of Dong Fangshuo Biography in Eight Volumes"; I checked the old Tang Dynasty book Twenty-six Chronicles (electronic version), and there are eight volumes of Biography of Dong Fangshuo. If this is the Biography of Dong Fangshuo, it is probably written by Sui people.
Although Dong Fangshuo Biezhuan integrated two books, it failed to achieve "treasure" and abandoned Yin Yun's original theory of "sighing at the sky", and he really didn't understand art. What's worse, the words "wine can relieve anxiety" in Continued Records of Counties and Counties, as well as Yin Yun's adaptation and expansion of "those who are worried can relieve their anxiety with wine", were actually in Dong Fangshuo Biezhuan. "Continue to say" is the book of Jin, not far from the Three Kingdoms. The phrase "Du Kang is the only one I can solve my worries" is still ringing in my ears. Even if Sima Biao didn't mean it, Yin Yun changed this poem to "The Man with Bitterness", which was wordy and boring, but it was unnecessary.
Generally speaking, Yin Yun's adaptation is the best, with higher conception, better writing style and greatly enhanced interest. Think about it, how interesting and sympathetic a bug with red eyes, ears, nose, mouth and teeth is! Moreover, this is also a very "reasonable" bug:
The whole body is red, which is obviously formed by blood coagulation, implying that the emperor is bloodthirsty (not necessarily Qin Shihuang); With eyes and ears, you can see and hear (as if all you hear are atrocities); If you have a mouth and teeth, you can sigh, talk (except "strange", you can know the depth of resentment) and drink.
However, the book Biography of Dong Fangshuo simplifies "the leader's teeth and ears know everything" to "the leader's mouth and teeth know everything". Although the word "mouth" is added, it is redundant: if the mouth does not exist, why can the teeth be attached? Maybe that's not what the original text says.
The ending way of "drinking and selling oneself" in the annals of the county is simple, memorable and romantic. "Taking insects into wine" in Yin Yun's novels is really a snake's foot, making it look like soaking medicinal liquor, but it would be foolish to use it in Dong Fangshuo Biezhuan.
In the Biography of Dong Fangshuo, there is also originality, that is, the ending is "giving a hundred silks and new moons, and then returning to the car to hold wine, for this reason", which is a bit interesting.
References:
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