Different from the Tang Dynasty, ordinary officials have the characteristics of scholars, poets, painters and politicians. They love calligraphy and painting, are good at poetry and collect antiques. People love opera. There are many dishes in restaurants and many clothes and shoes in the market.
The literary thought of the Song Dynasty is closely related to that of the late Tang Dynasty. Emperor Taizong resolutely opposed Qi Liang's beautiful writing style, demanding that his works be beneficial to politics and religion, advocating equal emphasis on content and art, replacing eroticism with momentum and emotion, and creating a new world, which is called prosperity and character.
With the decline of the Tang Dynasty, the literary world appeared a trend of indifference, advocating high sentiment and far-reaching charm, and pursuing formal skills. In the late Tang Dynasty, he returned to the beautiful style of writing and pursued the beauty of poetry.
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Compared with the overbearing Qin Dynasty, the powerful Han Dynasty, the rich Sui Dynasty and the prosperous Tang Dynasty, the Song Dynasty seems to be a more diversified dynasty, which cannot be described in one word. Because during the Song Dynasty, many countries appeared around the Song Dynasty, including Liao, Xixia, Jin and Dali, and the civilizations of these countries complemented each other with the Song Dynasty.
Although the Song Dynasty was not independent in diplomacy, it was a connecting link in culture. Many experts believe that the Song Dynasty is the pinnacle of China culture. Chen Yinke, a master of Chinese studies, said: "The culture of the Chinese nation has experienced thousands of years of evolution and reached its peak in the Song Dynasty."
As a historian, Japanese Jiro Todo put forward an important point, because the Song Dynasty was a very important turning point in the history of China. Later, someone put forward "the theory of Tang and Song Dynasties", which means that the reform in Tang and Song Dynasties was a great turning point in the history of China. Although everyone has different opinions, the only thing that will not change is that the Song Dynasty was indeed a major turning point in the history of China.
One of the characteristics of Song Wenhua is retro. Because the rulers of the Song Dynasty wanted very much to restore the ritual and music system of the Qin Dynasty. For example, Zhao Kuangyin liked Confucianism very much after he took office, so he admired Confucianism and made people modify the etiquette system. Therefore, emperors after the Song Dynasty paid special attention to etiquette and were also influenced by Zhao Kuangyin.
Under the influence of the system of rites and music and Confucianism, the group of scholar-officials gradually developed. Scholar-officials promoted the culture of Song Dynasty. In Song Dynasty, there was a special shortage of scholar-officials, so Zhao Kuangyin strengthened the selection of imperial examinations.
Let many ordinary people also take part in the imperial examination and become literati. They not only helped Zhao Kuangyin to assist the government, but also gave full play to the advantages of literati and made important contributions to the cultural development of the Song Dynasty.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Song Dynasty Culture