Why do foreign scholars evaluate Song's Heavenly Creations as China 17?

Wu Kai in Tiangong was first published on 1637 (the tenth year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty). It is a comprehensive scientific and technological work in ancient China. Some people call it an encyclopedic work by Song, a scientist in Ming Dynasty.

During the period of being appointed as an imperial edict, Song compiled his usual research on agriculture and handicrafts into a book, which was published in Chongzhen for ten years with the support of his good friend Tu Shaozhuo.

Because there is a strong sense of "debate between China and foreign countries" in a large number of ancient books in China, in order to consolidate the rule as an alien and eliminate the subjective consciousness of the Han nationality, the ancient books in China were centralized, inspected, revised and destroyed, which is also commonly known as the collation of Sikuquanshu.

Stylistic rules and layout

Wu Kai in the Heavenly Palace records various ancient technologies in China before the middle of Ming Dynasty. The book is divided into three parts, 18 volumes, with 12 1 illustrations, depicting the names, shapes and processes of 130 manufacturing technologies and tools.

The first part:

Neri: Cultivation Techniques of Grain Crops

Naifu: the source and processing method of clothing raw materials

Smearing: Dyeing method of vegetable dyes

Essence: grain processing

Salt making: Introduce the production method of salt.

Addiction: methods of planting sugar cane, making sugar and keeping bees.

Medium length:

Yan Tao: Making bricks, tiles and ceramics.

Smelting: Casting of metal objects

Ship: the structure, manufacture and use of ships and vehicles.

Hammer forging: Iron and bronze are made by hammer forging.

Calcined stone: the firing technology of lime, coal, etc.

Paste: Extraction method of vegetable oil.

Immobilization: a method of papermaking

Next article:

Hardware: mining and smelting of metals.

Jia Bing: How to make weapons?

Danqing: Production of Ink and Pigment

Tillering: the method of brewing wine

Pearl jade: the source of jewelry and jade

Heavenly Creations is the world's first comprehensive work on agriculture and handicraft production, which is called "technical encyclopedia" by European scholars. It systematically summarized various technologies in ancient China and formed a complete scientific and technological system. It summarizes rich agricultural experience and comprehensively reflects scientific and technological achievements. Many of the production techniques described in the book have been used to modern times.

Wu Kai in the Heavenly Palace has been translated into many languages, but it has been lost in China for a long time. I came back from Japan in the1920s. Later, the first edition was found in Ningbo, Zhejiang.