1. The translation history of the original preface of Compendium of Materia Medica (an ancient book recording the past) says: Look at Longguang to know Gu Jian, and observe (examine) the treasure to distinguish pearls. Therefore, Shi Ping (the fruit of the level) Shang Yang (the legendary bird name), not Tian Ming (the genius) Mo Dong (the insight). Jue (its). One day later, I visited Lushan Garden (the name of the garden) and stayed for a few days. Seeing that man, he is beautiful (moist and radiant), handsome (slim) and talking with relish. That's really (indeed) the southern head of Beidou (the first). Collect Bai's family background, biographies of philosophers, phonology (phonology books), agricultural nursery (books on agriculture, fruit and vegetable gardening), medical astrology (books on astrology) and Yuefu (books on poetry and music). There were several words in ancient times. There is a Materia Medica (referring to Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica) that omits countless things (count them one by one). I dare to make up my mind (edit and research) and usurp the narrative power (overreach), and I have tested more than 800 books in the past 30 years. Manuscripts have been changed, repeated deletions, missing ones (supplements), and wrong ones (corrections). It is called Compendium of Materia Medica. I would like (hope) to beg a word (this is a preface) in order to support eternal life. I will open the book and play it seriously. Each drug is based on the correct name (to determine the common name) and aims at explaining the name (to explain the meaning of the name). At the beginning (from the correct name), I will also collect explanations (from various scholars) to argue right from wrong. Followed by odor (indicating the nature and taste of drugs), main indications and prescriptions, and body use (the nature and function of drugs) are also described. From tomb raiding canon (three tombs and five classics, generally referring to ancient classics) to legend (general literary works), whenever there is a connection, it is inevitable. If you enter the garden of Jingu, the color (variety) is eye-catching; As the dragon palace, the treasure is well known; For example, if we learn curling jade, the indicators can be broad but not complicated, and they can be detailed and important. We can have a direct look at the deep sea by comprehensively looking at what is empty (in-depth study). Don't we just look at it with medical books, the subtle nature (the theory of Confucian nature in Song Dynasty) and the general code of * *. Zhu Xi (metaphor for good and evil, right and wrong, good and bad) is oblique (repulsive), and its disadvantages are long-lasting. Therefore, if you want to argue the bone of a special car, you must wait. If you are familiar with the stone of the machine (the stone of the weaver's pad loom), you must visit (consult) to sell divination (the industry of divination in the Han Dynasty) and give it to the party. " To * * * (supply) the world's descendants, taste (study body odor) Taiyuan as the cloud (Yang Xiong, Western Han Dynasty). According to ancient records, you will know where this Gu Jian is when you see the phosgene of Longquan Sword (Zhang Huachuan, Book of Jin). You know there are pearls when you see the treasure (see Du Yang Miscellany for details). Such auspicious things as Shi Ping (a big fruit) and Shang Yang (the name of a bird) are unknown to wise people (such as Confucius). If you want to know more about things, push Zhang Hua. (Jin Zhang Hua's "Natural History" ten volumes) If you want to know the meaning of words clearly. It should be said that they are a meal. (Yidun, people in the Spring and Autumn Period) But these people can only be regarded as the stars in the morning. (By using metaphors and elegant and implicit language, there are only a few people who feel the natural history in the world, paving the way for the following kind publicity of Li Shizhen's character and knowledge. ) There was a man named Li Shizhen in Qiyang (now Qichun County, Hubei Province). Li Shizhen was the first man in the southern boundary of the Big Dipper. This is a compliment to Li Shizhen. ) He unpacked it, and there was nothing extra except a Compendium of Materia Medica with dozens of volumes. He said to me: "Shizhen is a native of Hubei, young and sick, and naturally clumsy." When he grows up, he loves reading classical works, just like eating honey. "History, classics, biography, phonology, agricultural nursery, medical divination, astrology, Yuefu, all written down after reading. Originally, there was a book "Materia Medica", from Han, Liang, Tang and Song dynasties to now, there are Shennong annotations, but there are many mistakes and false theories. So I took the liberty of vowing to write it (this book) beyond my ability. Make up for what is missing and correct what is wrong. There were 15 18 kinds of old materia medica, but now there are 374 kinds, which are divided into 16 parts and compiled into 52 volumes. Although it is not completed, it is basically completed, and it is signed "Compendium of Materia Medica". I hope you can preface this book and make it immortal. And through Li Shizhen's dictation, it explains the reason, process and scale of compiling Compendium of Materia Medica. ) I opened the book and studied it carefully. I saw that each medicine was marked with the proper noun "Compendium" and alias "Eye". From the beginning of proof, I sorted out, analyzed doubts, corrected mistakes, arranged the shapes of unearthed plants in order, and then explained them according to smells, indications and attachments.
2. Why did Li Shizhen write Compendium of Materia Medica * * 52 volumes, written by Li Shizhen in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 15 18 ~ 1593), which is a huge comprehensive monograph on materia medica.
Li Shizhen was born in qi zhou (now Qixian County, Hubei Province). His father, Li Eon Wen, is a famous local doctor, and his grandfather is an herbalist.
At that time, doctors had low social status and were discriminated against. So his father wanted Li Shizhen to take the imperial examination and Li Shizhen to concentrate on his studies. He failed three times in Sun Shan. So, Li Shizhen decided to give up the imperial examination and study medicine resolutely. In medical practice, he became interested in pharmacology.
It took 26 years to complete the Compendium of Materia Medica from Renzi in the 31st year of Jiajing (A.D. 1552) to Wuyin in the 6th year of Wanli (A.D. 1578), and six descendants participated in compiling, proofreading and drawing. In the eighteenth year of Wanli (A.D. 1590), Nanjing Wang Shizhen made a preface for it; Hu Chenglong began publishing and carving.
In the twenty-first year of Wanli (A.D. 1593), the book has just been carved, and it is rare to die. On his deathbed, he drafted a list of "outlines" to be submitted to the court.
In the 24th year of Shen Bing Wanli (AD 1596), Li Jianyuan, the second son, entered Compendium of Materia Medica according to his last wish. The text of this book contains 1892 drugs.
Li Shizhen absorbed the medical achievements of many nationalities at home and abroad since Tang Shenwei's Historical Evidence of Materia Medica Emergency in Song Dynasty, and added 374 kinds of drugs. Among them, 103 was an effective drug used by doctors or circulated by the people at that time, and 27 1 was recorded in previous literature. Most of these new drugs are still in use today.
Attachment 1 1096, old 2938, new over 8000. The drug map of 1 109 drawn by his son Jianzhong and Jianyuan has certain reference value for drug identification.
3. Read classical Chinese (12 points) Read the following classical Chinese and complete the short story Li Shizhen, whose word is Dong Bi, Zhangzhou short story1:b.
Small question 1:( 1) So I searched extensively, deleted the complex and simplified it, and filled in the gaps. After about 30 years, I have consulted more than 800 medical books.
(2) Li Shizhen's son Jianzhong presented his father's suicide note and this book to the court. The son of heaven appreciated the book very much and ordered it to be published all over the world. Since then, this book has been circulated among scholars.
Question 1: It reflects his noble ideology and moral character, and his rigorous academic spirit.
translate
Li Shizhen, whose name is Dong Bi, is from Zhou Qi. I like reading medical books, the medical book Materia Medica. There are 365 kinds of medicines handed down from Shennong. Liang Tao Hongjing added about the same amount of medicine as Shennong. In Tang Dynasty, Su Gong added 1 14 species, and Song Dynasty added 120 species. By the generation of Zhang Yuxi and Tang Shenwei, there were a total of 1580 species, which was quite complete at that time. However, Li Shizhen is not satisfied with the variety of categories and messy names. Some of them are second-class and third-class, while others are mixed into one product. So after about 30 years, I consulted more than 800 medical books, and the manuscript was revised several times before it became a book called Compendium of Materia Medica. Three hundred and seventy-four kinds of drugs were added to the book, which was revised into sixteen volumes and synthesized into fifty-two volumes. First, correct the name into an outline, then attach various notes, and then record the origin, shape and color of the drug in detail with concentrated solution, and attach an odorous prescription for treating a certain disease. After the book was compiled and ready to be presented to the imperial court, Li Shizhen died suddenly. Soon, Emperor Zongshen wrote a letter to repair the history of the country and awarded books from all over the country. Li Shizhen's son Jianzhong presented his father's suicide note and this book to the court. The son of heaven appreciated the book very much and ordered it to be published all over the world. Since then, this book has been circulated in the scholar-officials' homes. Li Shizhen served as the king of Chu in the temple, and his son Li Jianzhong served as the county magistrate of Pengxi, Sichuan.
(1) or: Yes.
(2) Yes: So; (4): delete; Que: something is missing; Calendar: It has passed; Read more than 800 books: attribute post, read more than 800 books. Its: his; Take: put; Heritage table: the memorial written before his death; And: and; Yes: this; Jia: Appreciate; Life: order; Publication: printing and distribution; Naturally: from now on.
(3) "So I searched all kinds of information, deleted all kinds of things, supplemented them and saved them. After about 30 years, I consulted more than 800 medical books, and the manuscript was revised several times before it became a book called Compendium of Materia Medica. " Explain that he is rigorous in his studies; "After the book is compiled, it is ready to be presented to the imperial court" to show its nobility.