Alias: Ruan Infantry
Nationality: China.
Ethnic group: Han nationality
Birth place: Chen Liuwei (now Kaifeng, Henan)
Date of birth: AD 2 10.
Date of death: AD 263.
Occupation: poet, writer, thinker, hermit
Faith: philosophy of Lao zi and Zhuang zi
Main achievements: vigorously creating five-character poems and metaphysics.
Representative works: Mr. Adult's songs, 82 poems about the past, 6 works of wage earners of Ruan Ji, 9 complete works of prose and more than 90 poems. Ruan Ji's poems represent his major literary achievements. His main works are 82 five-character poems. Ruan Ji's work "Economic History of Sui Shu" is included in 13. The original series has been lost. However, his works have not lost much. Take poetry as an example. Biography of Ruan Ji in the Book of Jin records that he wrote more than 80 poems. It seems to have been handed down. There were many editions in Ming Dynasty, among which Zhang Pu's Ruan Infantry Collection was included in 103 collections of Han, Wei and Six Dynasties. The Collection of Ruan Ji was edited and published by Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House on 1978. People's Literature Publishing House 1957 published Ruan Infantry's Poems on Huai River with annotations.
Biography of Mr. Adult is the longest extant work of Ruan Ji, with more than 4,000 words. According to "Biography of Ruan Ji in the Book of Jin", this work was written by Ruan Ji after visiting Sun Deng in Sumenshan. The so-called "adult" is immortal, which is the so-called "adult fu". The style is similar to his essays, and it is also carried out in a difficult way. But the protagonist is no longer "Mr. Ruan", but "Mr. Adult" who is "the unity of heaven and man" and "slightly changed". On the one hand, the article expounds the purport of being famous and letting nature take its course, on the other hand, it also satirizes the secular mediocrity, especially in the first conversation with the "gentleman", whose sharp thoughts can only be seen in Ruan Ji's works. From an artistic point of view, this article is also the best of Ruan Ji's prose. In particular, the fable of "there are lice in the middle" is vivid and profound, which is obviously influenced by the style of Zhuangzi. At the end of this story, the author wrote: "If you are a gentleman, you are no different from your husband!" Strongly expressed his hatred of "the gentleman of propriety and law". In the use of language, this article has neat syllables and basically rhymes. Sometimes there are dialogues, and some places are arranged in many places, which is close to the style of Fu.
Ruan Ji's nostalgic poems represent his major literary achievements. His main works are 82 five-character poems. In addition, there is also the word "Huaishi", and there are 13 songs today. The specific writing time and background of these poems have been difficult to verify. Generally speaking, they are not temporary works, but include the works of different periods in their lives, with the general title of "Yong Huai". Poems are all lyric works. Ruan Ji lives in a special political environment, and his unique personality and attitude towards life make his poems look very unique. Shan Li quoted such a sentence in Selected Works: "If an heir is an official in chaos, he is often afraid of being slandered and suffering disaster. Therefore, he sang loudly, so he worried about his life every time. " Although he is determined to be sarcastic, he has a lot to avoid talking about, and his feelings after one hundred generations are incalculable. It is pointed out that its content is mainly lamenting life experiences, but it also contains elements of mocking current affairs, and its expression is tortuous and obscure.
The life experience of "Huaishi" can be divided into two aspects. One is to tell his life experience and ideal ambition, and the other is to show his fear of disaster and worry about life. Sometimes these two aspects are written separately, and sometimes they are written together, which is irregular. I mainly write about my life experiences and aspirations, such as the fifth narrative of "All the Life of Teenagers", and my regret and distress for the years to come. /kloc-the first statement in 0/5 years, "In the past 14th Five-Year Plan, my ambition was still good, and poems were written by Yan Hui and Min Zikai", but later I felt that I was rich and famous, and I was hopeless. For example, the story of "I swam across the girder" in 29 and the story of "I learned fencing as a teenager" in 6 1 can all be classified into this category. In addition, some chapters mainly focus on the poet's idea of seeking immortality and seclusion, such as No.81First Immortal and No.74 Immortal □ Senior, which are similar to poems about wandering immortals or seeking seclusion, reflecting Ruan Ji's inner desire to stick to his ambition and not go with the flow, and showing his way to get rid of contradictions and depression. He mainly wrote about fear of disaster and anxiety. For example, 1 describes that the poet stayed up all night, sat up and played the piano in front of the cool breeze and bright moon, and there was a lonely and sad voice in his ear, which made him "sad and sad". The third song "Become a Path under a Beautiful Tree" clearly expresses the heavy mood of "not protecting yourself, let alone loving your wife" in the autumn and winter when everything is dying. In addition, such as 1 1 "Zhanzhan Yangtze River Water", No.47 "A Life of Peace" and No.71"The Tomb of Furong Rongqiu" all have obvious life anxiety. In poetry, there are many eternal lamentations about life, such as Ancient Poems and Jian 'an Poems. Xie Lingyun once said that Cao Zhi was "concerned about the country and the people" (Preface to Poems by Prince Zhong You of Ye Wei), and Ruan Ji's father Ruan Yu also wrote such poems. However, in the Ruan Ji era, the political situation was even more sinister. Combining with his own life experience, he has developed in both ideological depth and performance skills.
"Mocking current affairs" is a rather "hidden" content in Ruan Ji's poems, which makes it difficult to sit down. The predecessors have made a lot of efforts in this regard, and most of them are still difficult to draw a conclusion. Only a few chapters can realize that they are really related to current events or contain opinions on certain facts. For example, 3 1 song "Drive Words to Make Wei the Capital" is about the death of Liang during the Warring States Period, and Chen Ling used this as a reason to "borrow the ancient style to the present". Ming Di is at the end of the road, singing and dancing are dissolute, and he doesn't want a saint to talk about martial arts ... He will die in power if he doesn't die in an enemy country. It's just an immortal Yin sword! "("poem is better than sword ") it is said to be near. However, this poem reveals not only the last years of Ming Di, but the whole late Wei period. Another example is the sixty-seventh song "The System of the Son of Hong Sheng", which is about "Hong Sheng", that is, a scholar. The poem says that they put on a dignified posture by virtue of the system of rites and music and the outline of order, but their words and deeds are hypocritical. The last two sentences say "I am worried about my intestines because of his attitude", which shows the poet's critical attitude towards these "people with manners"