1． Based on the context, outline the major physiological differences between laughter in certain mammals and humans. (4 points)
2. Regarding whether animals have a "humor", the author believes that "from a certain perspective, the answer is yes; from another perspective, it is no." How do you understand this? (4 points)
3. Give an example to illustrate an explanation method used in this article and its function. (3 points)
4. "Many scientists are interested in researching this topic." What do you think is the value of doing so?
Reference answers:
1. ① The vocalization methods and sound characteristics are different: one is inhalation and the other is exhalation; one is explosive and the other is vibration. ② The structures of brain regions and their operating mechanisms are different: when people laugh, the ancient areas of the brain and the later advanced areas are active, while the cerebral cortex of animals is not active.
Score: 2 points for each point, ***4 points. Just mean it.
2. When I say "definitely", I mean that laughter contains both a pleasant physical experience and a low-level social experience. When I say "negative", I mean that it is not a high-level social experience and does not involve the participation of a certain level of cognitive ability.
Scoring: 2 points for a correct answer, ***4 points. Just mean it.
3. Answer examples: ① For example, "The squeaking laughter of rats is just like the babble of babies when their mothers touch their bodies or the giggles when they are teased." Use comparison to write down the meaning of laughter between the two in an easy-to-understand way. Similarities. ② For example, "Our current research on various emotional expressions of animals is like a frog in a well to the sky, a blind man's understanding of an elephant after touching it, or even like a monkey fishing for the moon." Use metaphors to vividly illustrate that human research on animal emotions is Superficial, childish, one-sided and ridiculous. ③For example, the introduction of Schametart's experiment and the examples used to illustrate the differences in the physiological mechanisms of laughter between humans and rats are convincing.
Score: 1 point for giving an example, 2 points for correct answer explaining the method and function, and 3 points for ***. No points will be awarded for just giving examples. Just mean it.
4. ① Human research on animal emotional expression is still very superficial, naive, one-sided and even absurd; ② Animal laughter may hide "the correlation between neural operating mechanisms and the evolution of animals", ③ It can understand things The truth, create a new earth civilization.
Score: 1 point for answering one key point correctly, 3 points for answering two key points correctly, and ***3 points. Just mean it.