Nanling area is one of the areas with the highest degree of geological work in China. At present, the regional survey and remote sensing interpretation of1:1:500,000 small-scale regional geology, regional gravity, aeromagnetism, river sedimentation and heavy sand have been completed.
Regional geological survey: adjust the area of1∶ 200,000 to cover the whole region; 206 regional surveys of1∶ 50,000 were completed, accounting for 47% of the regional area; Completed 7 regional surveys1∶ 250,000, accounting for 57% of the regional area.
Geophysical survey: completed 26 regional gravities of1∶ 200,000, accounting for 96% of the regional area; Completed about 55 pieces of1∶ 50,000 strong magnetic field, accounting for13% of the area; Complete1∶ 50,000 gravity of about 20 pieces, accounting for 5% of the area; Completed about 1 141∶ 50,000 aeromagnetic disks, accounting for 25% of the area.
Geochemical survey:1∶ 200,000 river system sediment survey covers the whole area; About 571∶ 50,000 river systems have been completed, accounting for13% of the whole area; About 36 pieces of1∶ 50,000 soil have been completed, accounting for 8% of the area.
Remote sensing survey and interpretation: completed1∶ 200,000; Completed about 7 pieces 1: 1 ten thousand, accounting for13% of the area; Completed1∶ 50,000 about 39 pieces, accounting for 9% of the area.
Second, the progress of mineral exploration
From 1950s to 1980s, geological exploration units in Nanling area, such as geology and mineral resources, metallurgy, nonferrous metals, nuclear industry, and gold troops of the Armed Police Force, conducted exploration work including general survey, detailed investigation and exploration (table 1- 1), and more than 260 large and medium-sized deposits have been proved. Shizhuyuan tungsten-tin-molybdenum-bismuth polymetallic mine, Yejiwei tin polymetallic mine, Hongqiling tin polymetallic mine, jiepailing tin polymetallic mine, Xianghualing tin polymetallic mine, Dayishan tin mine, Guangxi Dachang tin-lead-zinc polymetallic mine, chestnut tungsten-tin-niobium-tantalum mine, Zhongshan coral tin mine, Shuiyanba tin mine, Xinlu tin mine, Piaotang tungsten-tin mine and Shuiyanba tin mine. Hunan Shuikoushan Pb-Zn polymetallic ore field, Huangshaping Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit, Baoshan Cu-Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit, Houjiangqiao Fe-Mn-Pb-Zn ore field, Qingshuitang Pb-Zn polymetallic ore field, Guangdong Fankou Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit, Dabaoshan Cu-Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit, Guangxi Laochang Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit, Jiangxi Dajishan tungsten mine, Xihuashan tungsten mine, etc. Especially the tungsten mine in southern Jiangxi, the Shizhuyuan tungsten-tin-molybdenum-bismuth mine in southern Hunan, the Fankou lead-zinc mine in northern Guangdong, the 330 (Hope) uranium mine in Xiazhuang ore field, the 302 uranium mine in Mianhuakeng ore field, the Zhuguang 36 1 uranium mine and the Maozifeng 20 1 uranium mine, which have made outstanding contributions to the development of nuclear energy and national defense in China. According to rough statistics, by the end of 2000, the main minerals in Nanling area accounted for 83%, 63%, 30%, 22% and 24% of the national reserves respectively.
Table 1- 1 Statistical Table for Evaluation of Control Resources of Main Mining Areas in Nanling Area
Note: According to the statistics of Yichang Geodetic Center of China Geological Survey. Unit of measurement: Fund: 10,000 yuan; au-Ag:t； Others: 1 10,000 t.
In recent years, many new progress has been made in tungsten-tin polymetallic prospecting in Nanling area, which not only shows that this area still has great resource potential, but also puts forward higher requirements for scientific research and establishes confidence for further exploration in this area.
1. Many new mineral deposits have been discovered.
According to the statistics of Yichang Geological Survey Center of China Geological Survey, from 1999 to the end of 2008, China Geological Survey began to redeploy geological survey and mineral resources exploration in Nanling area, with a drilling workload of 65,296 m and a funding of 97.38 million yuan. A number of large and medium-sized deposits (table 1- 1) have been newly discovered, with new resources: tin 1.88 million t, tungsten 340,000 t, lead and zinc 3.24 million t and bismuth 1 10,000 t (equivalent to 60 large-scale deposits), with potential economic value of 200 billion yuan.
Since 1999, China Geological Survey has begun to relocate geological survey and mineral resources exploration in Nanling area, and found a number of large or expected large deposits. For example, Niu Ling (tungsten and molybdenum), Niuxingba (gold, silver, copper, lead and zinc), Baxiannao (tungsten, tin, copper, lead, zinc and silver), Furong (tin and tungsten) and other large and medium-sized tungsten-tin polymetallic deposits have been newly discovered in southern Jiangxi and southern Hunan. After re-evaluation, the Taoxi tungsten mine in southern Jiangxi can reach a large scale, with the newly added tungsten (tin) resources of nearly 654.38+10,000 t and the prospect of 200,000-300,000 t. A number of important tin polymetallic deposits, including greisen type, skarn type and fault zone hydrothermal type, have also been found in Zhuguangshan-Wanyangshan and Xianghualing. Among them, Sunheling, Heshuxia and Longtan-Niujiaochong tin deposits have large and super-large tin resource prospects. Yan Feng, Nanping Hougou and other large massive sulfide lead-zinc deposits were newly discovered in Wuyishan, east of Nanling. The areas where new progress has been made in southern Jiangxi mainly include Taoxikeng tungsten-tin mine in Chongyuyou area, Baxiannao tungsten polymetallic mine, Niu Ling tungsten-tin mine, Kenwowo tungsten mine in Du Yu-Ganxian area and Tongkengyang tungsten mine in Sannan area (Figure 1- 1).
Figure 1- 1 Distribution Map of Newly Developed Mining Areas in South Jiangxi
Taoxikeng tungsten mine was discovered before 1936 and 1982. The reserves submitted show that the mining area is a small mine. The mine is now affiliated to Chongyi Bird Tungsten Products Co., Ltd. entrusted by it. Since 2002, Gannan Geological Brigade has carried out geological prospecting work in this area and made a major breakthrough, adding (122b+333+334 1) resources/reserves of 84,300 tons, of which (122b+330). Since 2006, the Institute of Mineral Resources of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences and Xiangnan Geological Brigade have carried out further exploration with the support of national science and technology support programs and other projects, and made new progress (see Chapter 4 for details).
Baxiannao Tungsten Mine: Located in Chongyi County, Jiangxi Province, it belongs to the broken altered rock type tungsten-tin polymetallic deposit, which was discovered and expanded by Gannan Geological Brigade during the implementation of geological survey project. Tungsten ore is divided into two areas, the northern area is of broken altered rock type and the southern area is of timely veinlets type. The proven resources (332+333+334) are 32,000t of tungsten, 0/3,000t of tin associated with lead, zinc and silver, and the expected prospect is 40000t of tungsten/kloc-0 and tin, and further exploration is still in progress.
Niu Ling W-Sn deposit in Dayu County: It is located in the east of Xihuashan-Yangmeisi W-Sn polymetallic ore concentration area in Nanling W-Sn polymetallic metallogenic belt, in the south of Xia Long-Moyanshan compound anticline, and at the southwest end of the semi-concealed Hongtaoling granite factory in Yanshan period, and is a part of Yuchong-(Shangjude) polymetallic metallogenic area in southern Jiangxi. Tungsten-tin mineralization in the mining area is mainly time-dependent single vein type, and the greisen type at the top of granite can be seen locally. The mineralization range is 1000 m along the strike and 2000 m wide along the dip. The timely veins are produced in the form of veins, and the veins are almost equidistant. Seven vein groups I, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII have been controlled, among which vein group I has the highest degree of engineering control. The ore-controlling area is about 1.8506km2, and it is still in the prospecting stage, and it is still possible to find new vein groups. The proven resources (332+333+334) are 35,600 t of tungsten and 65,438+0,300 t of tin, and the expected prospect is 65,438+0.110,000 t of tungsten and 40,000 t of tin. Further exploration is under way.
Kengwiwo Mining Area: also known as Nankengshan Mining Area, separated from Shang Ping Tungsten Mine in Du Yu by a ditch, can be said to be the periphery of Shang Ping Tungsten Mine in space. It is a new mine discovered by geological survey jointly funded by Gannan team and geological survey project. The mining area is located in the east of Du Yu-Ganxian ore concentration area, northwest of Pangushan-Tieshanlong ore field, and west of the intersection of NNE-Pangushan-Tieshanlong structure-magmatic-metallogenic belt and EW-Shang Ping-Tieshanlong structure-magmatic-metallogenic belt. It is arranged in an equilateral triangle with Pangushan and Huangsha tungsten mines, and is located at the top of concealed rock series with similar altitude. On June 5438+065438+1October 14, 2004, Academician Chen Yuchuan, researcher Wang and researcher of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, accompanied by engineers Xu Yigan and Lai Zhijian of Gannan Geological Brigade, went to the mining area for investigation. They believe that Tieshanlong in the east, Pangu Mountain in the south and Shang Ping Tungsten Mine in the west are extremely favorable for ore-forming conditions, and suggest strengthening them on the basis of two time pulses. Subsequently, Gannan Geological Brigade started the project to carry out evaluation work. Although the initial drilling effect was not good, through nearly five years' work, the scale of tungsten mineralization in Kengwowo area has reached a medium level.
Tongkengtou Mining Area: It is located in the southwest of the intersection of Shicheng-Xunwu NNE deep fault and Shanghang-Huichang NW fault structural belt, and the Tongkengtou cryptoexplosive breccia group area between the crater of Mikengshan and the depression of Acorus volcano. Geological work has delineated several vein copper, molybdenum and tin ore bodies. At present, seven tin ore bodies have been controlled in this zone, with a total width of about 30m and an extension of more than 200m, with an average grade of about 0.6 12%. Seven copper ore bodies have been controlled, with a total width of about 35m, an extension of 100 ~ 400m and an average grade of 0.526%. Eight molybdenum ore bodies are controlled, with the highest molybdenum grade of 0.68%, the average molybdenum grade of 0.060% ~ 0.288% and the average molybdenum grade of 0. 1.23%. The shallow mineralization is strong, and there is a prospect for finding porphyry ore bodies in the deep.
2. A new type of deposit has been discovered.
Finding a new type of deposit is often more meaningful than finding a single deposit, because it represents many deposits. For example, in Baxiannao and other places in Chongyuyou area, western Jiangxi, not only the "traditional" wolframite deposit of time-related pulse type was found, but also the wolframite body of altered rock type filled with hot liquid in the fracture zone was found. This means that wolframite can occur in both extensional faults and extensional and torsional structural fault zones. At this time, although the tension is not enough, it is not easy to form large veins, but as long as the source of ore-forming materials is rich and has metallogenic conditions, it can also be mineralized. This point was not taken seriously in the past. In other words, there must be many tungsten deposits of altered rock types "missed" in the fracture zone.
3. Explore the new mechanism of Industry-University-Research combination.
In recent years, the Institute of Mineral Resources of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Yichang Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources of China Geological Survey, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Nanjing University, Central South University of Technology, China Academy of Sciences and other units have jointly tackled key problems with geological prospecting units and mining enterprises through geological survey projects and crisis mine projects, and have made many new progress. The new breakthrough in tungsten-tin polymetallic prospecting in Nanling area has also established the confidence to solve the key theoretical and technical problems of exploration through scientific and technological research and achieve new and greater breakthroughs in prospecting. For example, the Southern Hunan Geological Survey of Hunan Geological Survey Bureau broke through the single idea of prospecting in the contact zone, and found a hydrothermal tin mine-Furong tin mine in the fractured zone in the south of Qitianling rock mass. At present, the control scale has reached more than a large scale, which has promoted tin polymetallic prospecting in Nanling area. Taking this as a reference, Guangdong Geological Exploration Bureau also found similar tin deposits in northern Guangdong-Tianmenfeng tin deposit in Ruyuan and Tanling tin deposit in Lianxian county related to Dadongshan rock mass. Gannan Geological Brigade, affiliated to Jiangxi Geological Exploration Bureau, made great efforts to innovate and developed the "five-layer" model of tungsten deposits into "five-layer+basement", which effectively guided the prospecting work in Chongyuyou and other places, changed the scale of Taoxikeng tungsten deposits from small to large, and newly discovered or expanded tungsten deposits such as Baxiannao, Keshuling and Xian 'etang.
Third, the status quo of scientific research
Over the years, China's major geological research institutes and related geological teams have carried out many basic geological and mineral geological research work in this area. The earliest research work began in the 1940s, such as Where is Nanling published by Li Siguang (1942). During the period of 1979 ~ 1982, the main metallogenic belts including Nanling area were divided for the first time, with tungsten, tin, copper, uranium, lead and zinc as the main ones. During the period of 1994, all provinces (regions) completed gold, silver, lead, zinc, copper, antimony, rare earth and rare earth. During the Sixth Five-Year Plan period, the national key scientific and technological project "Study on ore-controlling conditions, metallogenic mechanism, distribution law and metallogenic prediction of nonferrous rare metal deposits in Nanling area" was implemented in the whole region. During the Seventh Five-Year Plan period, the subject of "Study on Concealed Minerals in Eastern China" was "Study on Concealed Minerals of Tin, Lead, Zinc and Copper in Hunan, Guangxi, Guangdong and Jiangxi Provinces", and the scientific and technological key project of the former Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources during the Eighth Five-Year Plan period was "Study on Metallogenic Geological Conditions and Metallogenic Prediction of Wuyi-Yunkai Typical Metallogenic Area".
The sixth five-year national key scientific and technological project "Study on ore-controlling conditions, metallogenic mechanism, distribution law and metallogenic prediction of nonferrous rare metal deposits in Nanling area" (hereinafter referred to as "Nanling project") has made a big step forward in understanding the basic geological problems related to mineralization and regional metallogenic theory problems in this area. The main achievements are as follows:
1) established the comprehensive petrology-geochemistry index to identify different genetic types of granites, and obtained the element abundance of rocks in three geochemical divisions of southern Jiangxi, northern Guangdong and northern Guangxi;
2) Five characteristics of regional structure in Nanling are put forward, and the controlling effect of structure on diagenesis and mineralization is reviewed, and 1 1 structure-magma-metallogenic area is divided;
3) Five metallogenic series, six sub-series, 265,438+0 deposit models and more than 65,438+000 deposit examples have been established, and the metallogenic series map of 65,438+0 ∶ 2 million granite deposits in Nanling area has been compiled, clarifying the distribution law of deposits, laying a scientific foundation for prospecting prediction from the perspective of genetic relationship and mutual prospecting criteria between different types of deposits in the same series;
4) Summarize the characteristics of Devonian stratabound deposits controlled by the trinity of strata, facies and position, and point out the direction for the prediction and prospecting of Devonian stratabound deposits;
5) 37 prediction areas in 5 blocks were screened out, which provided an important basis for subsequent mineral exploration.
In a word, the geological research work in Nanling area for many years not only gave birth to a number of original new metallogenic theories with China characteristics, including the "five-story" model of tungsten ore and "metallogenic series", which made the research on China's metallogenic theory occupy a place in the world, but also provided a solid foundation for further deepening and theoretical innovation and put forward higher requirements. Some important scientific research achievements include: mineralization specificity of magmatic rocks (,1958), crust-source transformation and syntectic genesis theory of granite (Xie,1963; Etc., 198 1), diwa tectonic theory (Chen, 1960), metallogenic series theory (Cheng,1979; Chen Yuchuan, 1983, 1989), granitoid geochemistry in South China (Guiyang Institute of Geochemistry, 1979), granitoid geology in Nanling (Mo Zhusun et al., 1980), granitoids in different periods in South China and their relationship with mineralization (Nanjing 198 1), geology of tungsten deposits in southern Jiangxi (Zhu Yanling et al., 198), geology of tungsten deposits in Shizhuyuan (Wang Changlie et al., 1987). 1989), the geology of Dachang tin mine (Chen Yuchuan et al., 1993), the antimony mine in central Hunan (Shi Mingkui et al., 1993), and the prediction study of concealed tin, lead and zinc deposits in southern Hunan (Zhuang et al., 1993). 1994), prediction of concealed tin polymetallic deposits in Guangdong (Qiu Guangli et al., 1994), metallogenic series and evolution track of metallogenic history in northern Guangxi (Chen Yuchuan et al., 1995), layered lead-zinc deposits in northern Guangxi and sea level change (Jincon, 1995). 1997), metallogenic geological environment and metallogenic prediction in northern Guangdong-Dongjiang depression (Yang Zhenqiang et al., 1997), geological geochemistry of Shizhuyuan tungsten-tin-molybdenum-bismuth polymetallic deposit in Hunan (Mao Jingwen et al., 1998), metallogenic regularity of Wuyi uplift and Chenzhou-Shangrao depression, and
All the above achievements are based on the research results of structure, magmatic activity and mineralization in Nanling area (or Nanling as the core area), which has an important influence and promotion on the basic theoretical research of geology and the practice of prospecting and prediction in China. Granites in South China are of huge scale, diverse types, different ages, different blocks, different granite assemblages under different tectonic backgrounds, different magmatic evolution history, different deposit types and mineral assemblages, which have always been the most concerned areas for granite and mineral deposit geologists at home and abroad. Its research degree is the highest, which represents the highest level and the latest development trend of granite research in China.
In recent years, new progress has been made in the study of Nanling granite, large-scale mineralization and large-scale ore concentration area, tungsten-tin polymetallic metallogenic model and metallogenic fluid. At home and abroad, the theoretical basis of crust-mantle interaction and metallogenic effect, mantle plume theory, continental metallogenic dynamics, fluid and mineralization, large and super-large deposits have been continuously studied, especially the study of continental dynamics and China metallogenic system (Chen Yuchuan, Wang et al., 2007), which makes Nanling area once again a hot spot and breakthrough in related metallogenic theory research, and also makes this research have a higher starting point. Since Mesozoic, strong tectonic magmatism and metal mineralization have taken place in this area. Some scholars believe that the extension and thinning of the lithosphere in the inland of South China began in the early Yanshan period (Li et al.,1999; Guo Xinsheng et al, 2001; Wang Yuejun et al, 2001; Liang Xinquan et al., 2003; Fu Jianming et al., 2004, 2005), since Mesozoic, the tectonic dynamic background is not mainly compression, but extensive tension and extension. Various types of granitic magmatism are the products of the interaction between crust and mantle. It is precisely because of the participation of mantle materials in different degrees and forms that large-scale magmatism and the formation of a large number of metal minerals occurred in Mesozoic and Cenozoic in South China (Hua Renmin et al., 2003). Chen Yuchuan (2000), Wang Denghong (2000), Wang Denghong (2005) and Chen Yuchuan (2007) believe that great changes have taken place in the crust of China since the Yanshanian period, which has had a far-reaching impact on the occurrence and development of regional mineralization. Whether the above understanding is in line with reality remains to be further studied.
Generally speaking, the geological and mineral exploration and scientific research work in Nanling area is characterized by being concentrated in a few ore concentration areas, including the factory ore field in northern Guangxi, Shizhuyuan-Huangshaping area in southern Hunan and Chongyuyou area in southern Jiangxi. Since the geological survey was carried out from 65438 to 0999, no further evaluation and research have been carried out in most areas.
Fourth, the problems faced by mineral resources in Nanling area
Nanling metallogenic belt is one of the five most important 16 key metal metallogenic belts in China's "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" mineral exploration. The metallogenic belt is the traditional base of important mineral resources such as tungsten, antimony, tin, bismuth, lead, zinc, tantalum and uranium in China, and it is also one of the regions with the strongest mineralization related to continental granite in the world (Nanling Engineering Granite Special Group, Ministry of Geology and Minerals,1989; Chinese people, 2005; Zhujin Primary School (2006) has good metallogenic conditions, great prospecting potential, strong mining foundation, high working level, many geological exploration teams and fast return on investment. It is one of the most favorable metallogenic prospects in China and has achieved remarkable results. It is also one of the most developed areas in mining, metallurgy and related industries in China. However, there are many scientific problems in this area, the prospecting is difficult, the environmental protection requirements are high, and the concealed ore is the main one, and the abnormal interference of geophysical and geochemical exploration is obvious. Therefore, it is urgent to make a new breakthrough in geological prospecting through the overall study of metallogenic regularity in Nanling region and the demonstration study of typical ore concentration areas such as southern Jiangxi, southern Hunan and northern Guangxi.
1. Regional resources have obvious advantages, but they are also consumed quickly.
Tungsten, tin and antimony in Nanling area are the dominant minerals in China. After years of development and the lagging investment in geological exploration in recent 20 years, the reserve resources are seriously insufficient. Some world-famous tungsten-tin mines, including Xihua Mountain, have already faced the unfavorable situation of resource crisis or even "hollowing out", or will be closed.
Nationwide, Nanling is an important part of the western Pacific polymetallic metallogenic belt, and it is also the most concentrated producing area of nonferrous rare metal minerals in China, especially tungsten, tin, antimony, lead, zinc, bismuth and uranium. The deposit has the characteristics of large scale, wide distribution, zonal accumulation, many associated components and complex and diverse deposit types. Some important large-super-large tungsten-tin polymetallic deposits in China are located in this area, such as Dachang tin mine, Shizhuyuan tungsten-tin polymetallic mine, Qitianling tungsten-tin mine, Dajishan tungsten mine, Xihuashan tungsten mine and Fankou lead-zinc mine. Nanling area is an important nonferrous metal industrial base in China, and has formed four mining, dressing and smelting areas: southern Hunan, southern Jiangxi, western Guangxi and northern Guangdong. There are hundreds of large and medium-sized mining enterprises and dozens of smelting and processing enterprises, which are the treasure house of nonferrous metals and rare earth resources in the construction of socialist market economy in China.
Take tungsten as an example, China is the country with the richest tungsten resources and the largest tungsten production and consumption. In 2004, the output of tungsten concentrate reached 85,378 t, and the export of tungsten products exceeded 30,000 t (Zhu Xiusheng, 2005). However, due to the rapid economic development, the demand for tungsten is further increased, which leads to the shortage of tungsten concentrate market and the soaring price. On the other hand, China's tungsten resources are consumed too fast, and the research and prospecting of tungsten ores have almost stopped since the 1980s, resulting in a sharp decline in China's tungsten reserves from 44.3% of the world's tungsten reserves in 1994 to 35.5% in 200 1 year. This directly threatens the strategic position of China's dominant mineral tungsten (and other minerals are similar). According to the latest statistics of Jiangxi Geological Exploration Bureau, the existing reserves of tungsten ore in China are about 2.8 million tons, and the reserves of wolframite in southern Jiangxi are about 250,000 tons. At present, 90% of tungsten ore developed in China comes from wolframite. According to the recoverable reserves of 1t tungsten concentrate, China's tungsten resources can be guaranteed for more than 20 years, while Gannan wolframite resources can only be guaranteed for about 8 years, so it will be difficult to meet the demand in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan. Therefore, it is necessary to solve the key geological problems through in-depth research and combine Industry-University-Research, and strive to promote regional breakthroughs in prospecting for tungsten, tin, lead, zinc and other mineral resources in Nanling, so as to ensure the resource advantages of Nanling.
2. High degree of work, but many practical problems.
Nanling is one of the areas with the highest degree of geological work in China. We have completed regional surveys and remote sensing interpretation of geology, minerals, aeromagnetism, gravity, river sediments and heavy sand at various scales in the whole region, including1:1:500,000 and1:200,000, and 65,438 key areas have been completed. Since the "Sixth Five-Year Plan", relevant provinces and autonomous regions have carried out two rounds of1∶ 500,000 metallogenic prospect zoning and some single minerals (rare, tungsten, tin, lead and zinc) prospect prediction work. Most key blocks have completed the study of1∶1000,000 geological and mineral prediction, and delineated a number of different levels of prospect areas. Therefore, it can be said that a large number of geological exploration data and data have been accumulated in this area, which has laid an excellent foundation for future geological prospecting work.
From 1950s to 1980s, geological exploration units such as Geology, Metallurgy, Nonferrous Metals, Nuclear Industry, Armed Police Gold Force, etc. conducted general survey, detailed investigation, exploration and other exploration work on hundreds of ore spots in Nanling, and identified more than 260 large and medium-sized deposits. Shuikoushan Pb-Zn polymetallic ore field, Huangshaping Pb-Zn polymetallic mine, Baoshan Cu-Pb-Zn polymetallic mine, Houjiangqiao Fe-Mn-Pb-Zn mine, Qingshuitang Pb-Zn polymetallic ore field, Shizhuyuan W-Sn-Mo-Bi polymetallic mine, Yejiwei Sn polymetallic mine, Hongqi Ling Sn polymetallic mine, jiepailing Sn polymetallic mine, Xianghualing Sn polymetallic mine and Dayishan placer tin mine. Guangxi Dachang Sn-Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit, chestnut W-Sn-Nb-Ta deposit, Zhongshan coral placer tin deposit, Shuiyanba placer tin deposit, Xinlu placer tin deposit, Piaotang tungsten-tin deposit, Mao Ping tin deposit, Guangdong Fankou Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit, Dabaoshan Cu-Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit, Guangxi Laochang Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit, Jiangxi Dajishan tungsten deposit, xihuashan tungsten deposit and so on. Especially the tungsten mine in southern Jiangxi, Shizhuyuan tungsten-tin-molybdenum-bismuth mine in southern Hunan and Guangdong. However, in recent 20 years, with the introduction of the western development policy, China has focused on the western region in geological prospecting, while the investment in the eastern region is relatively insufficient. Many geological prospecting teams from relevant provinces and regions in Nanling have also moved westward to undertake geological survey projects in Xinjiang and Tibet. So is scientific research. For example, the state has set up the "305" project in Xinjiang for more than 20 years, and the 973 project has set up independent projects in Xinjiang and Gangdise, Tibet. During the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, the national science and technology support plan is still dominated by the west, and Nanling is only an ornament. There are few projects, less investment, and the geological prospecting team cannot be expanded. The demand for mineral resources is increasing with the development of mining industry, which forms a sharp contrast.
3. Rich scientific research achievements are facing new problems.
1985 international conference on granite and tungsten held in Nanjing and 1987 international conference on tin ore held in Guangxi all represent that China has reached the world leading level in theoretical research on tungsten-tin mineralization. These research results still guide the geological prospecting work. Although Nanling has regional advantages, such as strong metallogenic intensity, good mining foundation (long history, ore mining and smelting), high degree of geological work (strong technical force, rich data clues) and high input-output ratio, there are many scientific problems with world influence in Nanling area, and geological prospecting faces a series of technical problems, which puts forward new requirements for the research of metallogenic theory and exploration technology. Taken together, the main scientific problems and problems of geology and mineral resources in Nanling can be summarized as follows:
1) What is the tectonic position of Nanling in China and even in the world and its restriction on the formation and distribution of mineral resources?
2) Where do the superior mineral resources such as tungsten and tin in Nanling come from? Does crust-mantle interaction control mineralization?
3) Why is the mineralization intensity of Nanling tungsten-tin mine the highest in the world? How to form an extra-rich ore body similar to Guangxi Dachang 100 ore body (Wang et al., 2002)? Could it be nanometer mineralization?
4) Are there internal relations between various minerals in Nanling and how are they distributed in three-dimensional space? The regional mineralization centered on Wuyi-Yunkai in Nanling area has formed obvious metallogenic zoning in time and space. What are the reasons for this regional division? How to guide prospecting?
5) How to reconstruct the history of the occurrence and development of large-scale mineralization in four-dimensional space-time domain and trace its evolution track?
6) How to establish the continental metallogenic system in Nanling, and then guide the prospecting from the perspective of completeness and absence?
7) What are the metallogenic mechanisms and conditions of some special mineralization in Nanling area?
8) What are the internal relations between different types of deposits? How to become mutual prospecting indicators?
9) Deep prospecting is imminent. How to innovate the theory and technology of deep prospecting (such as establishing a seven-layer tungsten mine model)?