1998 Sino-Japanese War prompted him to break with the Qing government.
In, the bourgeois reformists headed by Kang Youwei launched a "letter on the bus", demanding that the Qing government follow the example of the West and carry out bourgeois reform, which had a great influence throughout the country. Tan Sitong sized up the situation and put forward his long-simmering strategy of saving the country, that is, only by learning advanced technology from the West, holding elections and setting up a parliament can China change its poverty and backwardness. When he learned that Kang Youwei had organized a powerful society in Beijing to publicize and improve his ideas, he specially rushed to Beijing to discuss with him a good plan to save the country. As a result, Kang Youwei failed to meet him in the south, but he met Liang Qichao. After meeting, they had a very speculative conversation and shared the same ideas with each other, which further strengthened his belief in political reform. Since then, he began to vigorously advocate political reform and became one of the most active reformists at that time.
In order to publicize the strategic thought of saving the country and transforming the country, Tan Sitong wrote two volumes of Benevolence from 1896 to 1897, which lashed out at the feudal autocratic system and traditional morality and advocated breaking through the feudal trap. He opposed "loyalty to the monarch" and called for "if the monarch is not good, everyone will be slaughtered."
In the year of historical achievement, Tan Sitong returned to Hunan at the invitation of Chen Baozhen, the governor of Hunan who was inclined to reform and reform. Since then, he has successively established the School of Current Affairs, the School of Military Equipment and Nanshe, established the new Journal of Hunan and Hunan Newspaper, and formulated specific measures to reform industry and commerce. 1September, 898, was called into Beijing by Emperor Guangxu to participate in the political reform. Thanks to the efforts of Kang Youwei, Tan Sitong and others, Emperor Guangxu implemented a new policy, including abolishing the stereotyped examination, rewarding scientific inventions, reforming the old system, and advocating commercial management of industry. The strategy of governing the country by Tan Sitong and others began to be implemented. However, the diehard forces gathered around Empress Dowager Cixi tried their best to undermine the political reform. It was once rumored that Rong Lu and others would take advantage of Emperor Guangxu's military parade in Tianjin this autumn to force him to abdicate. Tan Sitong pinned his hopes on Yuan Shikai who pretended to support the reformists. He went to Yuan with Guangxu's secret edict. Yuan duplicity, for a pretence agreed to send their own troops to kill Rong Lu.
1On October 20th, Yuan went to Tianjin to tell Rong Lu.
120, Empress Dowager Cixi was imprisoned in Guangxu, and she went to the DPRK to "train politics" and ordered a search for reformists.
At 4 o'clock on the afternoon of August 28, Tan Sitong faced the butcher's knife and read out his farewell poem loudly: "If you kill a thief with your heart, you can't return to heaven;" Let it last forever! " Moments later, he passed away peacefully at the age of 33.
Tan sitong is one of the six gentlemen in the Reform Movement of 1898. He gave his young life for the rejuvenation of the country. Although the reform failed, his reform thought and dedication inspired future generations.
Cai Yuanpei: All-encompassing, an introduction to academic freedom. Cai Yuanpei (1868 ~ 1940) is a native of Shanyin County, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province. Cai Yuanpei's investment in education was based on the failure of the Reform Movement of 1898. /kloc-in the winter of 0/898, he returned to Shaoxing as the prime minister of Shao Jun Chinese and Western School to advocate new ideas. Later, he served as the chief teacher of Nanyang Public College, advocating civil rights, running patriotic girls' schools, advocating equality between men and women, and running China Education Association and Patriotic Association, combining revolution with education. 19 12 was the first education chief of the provisional government of the Republic of China, and published "Opinions on New Education", which was recognized by the society as a programmatic document of modern new education in China, and put forward the educational policy with modern significance for the first time. 191710 became the president of Peking University in October, turning Peking University into a brand-new institution of higher learning in China and the cradle and center of the New Culture Movement. After that, I tried out the university district system, served as the full-time president of Academia Sinica, wrote educational papers, and devoted my life to the education in China.
In the year of historical achievement, Cai Yuanpei was appointed as the first education chief of the provisional government of the Republic of China, and published the New Education Theory. Starting from China's national conditions, he absorbed the experience of modern education in Europe, America and Japan, and put forward the educational policy with modern significance for the first time. The new educational policy includes military national education (military and sports), utilitarian education (intellectual education), civic moral education (moral education), world outlook education and aesthetic education, which constitutes the core of Cai Yuanpei's educational thought and is the overall guiding ideology of Cai Yuanpei's educational reform. In order to ensure the implementation of new educational ideas and policies in modern times, Cai Yuanpei, after abolishing various feudal educational laws and regulations in the Qing Dynasty, formulated new educational laws and school regulations with modern progressive significance. During his tenure in the Ministry of Education, he successively promulgated the Interim Measures for General Education, the Provisional Curriculum Standards for General Education and the Official Order of the Ministry of Education of the Republic of China. The main contents are as follows: (1) Reform the education system and replace the old with the new; (2) Revising textbooks and abolishing "classics"; (3) Strengthen general education and attach importance to industrial and military sports; (4) Advocating the development of social education. In addition, Cai Yuanpei also attaches great importance to the significance of sending overseas students in his educational practice. He believes that sending overseas students is one of the important ways and means to improve the cultural and scientific level of China. Therefore, he pays attention to improving the quality of international students and requires schools at all levels to attach importance to the dispatch of international students.
Advocating and attaching importance to women's education is an important part of Cai Yuanpei's educational thought. He strongly advocated universal education and women's education, and more importantly, he pioneered coeducation in modern China. 19 12, as soon as he became the director of education, it was stipulated that primary schools should be co-educational. Then he became the principal of Beijing Comte School in 19 17, which was the first time that middle schools were co-educational. Two years later, in 19 19, he initiated the practice of male and female students in modern China University, which had great influence in political and ideological circles.
There is a very important content in Cai Yuanpei's educational thought, and that is his aesthetic education thought. He believes that aesthetic education is an indispensable factor to cultivate a sound personality, because aesthetic education can cultivate noble moral sentiments through the infection and edification of beauty. He believes that aesthetic education can provide people with noble entertainment activities, thus enriching people's spiritual life and improving and purifying social atmosphere. In the increasingly chaotic social environment at that time, it is undoubtedly of great practical significance to put forward this urgent problem in time.
In addition, Cai Yuanpei's efforts to cultivate students' independent thinking ability and attach importance to developing students' personality are the main contents of his educational thought and practice. Today, this still gives us endless enlightenment.