This paper analyzes the influence of Mongolian rule on Russia from six dimensions.

Hello, I'm Huo Yan. Yes, that's the fire swallow who specializes in historical dead ends. The theme of this issue is Mongolia and Russia. Everyone knows that Russia in history was ruled by Mongolia for more than 200 years. Then, in more than two centuries, Russia's national development and character must have been influenced by the Mongols. However, how far-reaching and huge is this influence? We still have to analyze it from six dimensions. First of all, when it comes to Mongolian and Russian, it must be traced back to alexander nevsky. Alexander nevsky, as Archduke Vladimir and Duke Novgorod, is a symbolic figure in Russian history. His anti-aggression war with Swedes and Germans from the west and the north made him a legend. However, his battle with the Germanic knights and the confrontation of the "war on ice" forced him to consider forming an alliance with the powerful Mongols at that time. At this point, Huo Yan should first explain the famous "Battle on Ice". The battle took place in 1237~ 1240. The Russian army in Kiev led by alexander nevsky is about 15000 ~ 17000, while the enemy order of Livonia has 10000 ~ 12000. Because their final Armageddon took place on the ice, it was called the "Battle on the Ice". In this battle, alexander nevsky was very resourceful and brave. He took advantage of the weakness of the enemy's wings and pushed the knights into a narrow ice surface. Due to the heavy armor of the knights, the ice could not bear such a huge weight for a while, so it collapsed-as a result, many enemies drowned and Ross's army won a total victory. However, it was alexander nevsky's bravery that saved Russia from European aggression in the13rd century. Of course, it is also because of his "Huairou policy" that Mongolian talents have the opportunity to extend their tentacles to large areas of Russia, thus changing Russians. In addition, in order to find out some historical details of this period, we must also mention another country-the Golden Account khanate (also known as the Chincha khanate). In A.D. 1224, Genghis Khan divided his kingdom among his four sons. His eldest son, Shu Chi, was granted the westernmost territory of the Mongolian Empire. Later, it was called Qincha khanate (and because the ruler of the khanate had a golden dome, it was called the golden tent khanate). Shu Chi's son Badou further invaded from 1236 to 1242, expanding the territory of the khanate. It has a vast territory, starting from the lower reaches of the Danube River in the west, the Irtysh River in the east, the Caucasus in the south and the Russian Baurgard in the south. During the golden account khanate, the Russian kingdom became a vassal state of Mongolia. They are required to pay tribute every year. According to historical records, the amount of such tribute is about 10% of their annual trade volume. In addition, they must also provide assistance for the military operations of the Golden Horde. Princes must also go to the imperial court of Badou once every two years to swear allegiance. Therefore, these princes were awarded the title of "Jalik" (Russian), and Badou authorized them to rule their respective lands. Although the Russians suffered a terrible fate under the rule of the Golden Horde. It is actually mutually beneficial for Russian princes and nobles to swear allegiance to Mongolia. In the past few decades, Russian and Mongolian researchers and historians have given positive comments on the role of the Golden Horde. Map of the Golden Account Khanate Here we will take a concrete look at the national strength of the Golden Account Khanate through the introduction of two cities. Although Mongols are nomadic people, they understand the importance of cities. So Batu ordered the Akhtuba River, a tributary of the Volga River, to build the first capital for his kingdom. Thus, Salai-Badu, the original capital of the Golden Horde, appeared. According to literature, at its peak, it had a population of nearly 75,000. This city is a real international metropolis-many Russians, Caucasians, Mongolians, Iraqis, Syrians and Greeks live here. The famous explorer Ibn Batut once wrote that it is one of the most beautiful cities, with a sea of people, beautiful markets and wide avenues. He described that it took them half a day to get from one end of the city to the other. At the same time, this city is also the main trading post on the trade route from Western Europe to China, and there are several areas specializing in the production of metals, ceramics, jewelry, glass, etc. In addition, the city's water supply and sewage treatment system is also quite developed. They actually used ceramic pipes to transport water, which was enough to imagine the strength of the country at that time. Therefore, in this international metropolis, Russians will gradually be integrated by multi-ethnic cultures and have many national characteristics. Another interesting city with ceramic water pipe fragments discovered by archaeology is Kafa City (today's Feo Docia), which was an important town in Crimea established by Genoa merchants in 1262. By the14th century, Kafa City had become a very prosperous city with large fortifications built of solid stones. Ibn Batut once wrote that there are at least 200 ships in this city, most of which are merchant ships. Fur, leather, silk, expensive fabrics, herbs, spices and pigments supplied by western Europe are constantly shuttling between cities. The residents of this city are mainly Christians: Genoese, Greeks, Armenians and * * *. Most Russians living in this city, like locals, have more choices about religious beliefs. This has had a great influence on the core religious culture of Russia. Well, after the above historical knowledge, I believe you have a certain understanding of the relationship between Mongolia and Russia. Next, I will briefly talk about the influence of Mongols on Russia from six dimensions: politics, religion, trade, clothing, diet and language. Politics As mentioned above, many Russian princes adopted Alexander's practice of accepting "Zareg" and became vassals of Mongolia. This also prompted Alexander's youngest son, the Duke of Moscow, to have the opportunity to change Moscow and build the Principality of Moscow into the most powerful country in Russia in the coming decades. Finally, the growth of the Duke of Moscow helped him successfully resist the Mongols. The Principality of Moscow has also become the core of the future Russian state, and even upgraded to an empire. This also directly led to the ruler of Moscow Principality, as the czar of Russia in the future, ruling the country until 1598. However, the rule of Mongolia also caused the cultural disconnection between Russia and Europe, and Russia unfortunately failed to participate in the upsurge of Renaissance. This has also deepened the ideological opposition between Russia and the West and completely separated the ties between Russia and the West. In addition, Mongolia's secret service also had a far-reaching influence on Russia, and Ivan IV established a special army to help him reign in terror. Stryci, the special forces of the Russian Empire, was also modeled after the Mongolian secret service. It is no exaggeration to say that the "Keberg" of the Soviet Union has a certain origin with the early Mongolian spy culture. The religious Mongols promoted the unification of Russian religions and customs. Surprisingly, they did not force Russia to convert. Therefore, the Orthodox Church contributed to the biggest expansion in history during the Golden Account Khanate period. Because the Orthodox Church exempted priests from taxes and military service, it won the support of a large number of believers. As a result, the Orthodox Church became a special existence independent of the control of Russian princes. During this period, the church built at least 300 churches and became one of the largest landlords in Russia, creating a "golden age" for churches. Trade should know that trade and prosperity can only be achieved through stability, the same currency and low taxes. Russia under Mongolian rule has these conditions. Through the protection of the huge empire, businessmen have a relatively safe trade route, where businessmen can trade with peace of mind. They will not be robbed by robbers, and most importantly, they will not be taxed for crossing different kingdoms. This trade route has also laid the embryonic form of China's "Belt and Road"-goods are transported from China to Western Europe, exchanged goods, and then returned to China. This also prompted the merchant class to become more important in Russia, and even affected the direction of the imperial regime. Clothing Before the Mongol conquest, Russians usually wore white long-sleeved shirts. But later, due to the interaction with eastern culture and trade, their clothes became different. Golden headscarves, trousers and red shoes have become Russian standards. Ruby shoes are very suitable for women riding horses, and women are beginning to wear different clothes. Necklaces, beads and other jewelry have become a normal state in their clothes. Food Russian black tea Due to trade relations, Russians started drinking tea earlier than western Europeans. They like oriental tea, especially black tea. They usually add jam to black tea to make it full of fruit flavor, and at the same time use the fruit acid in fruit to remove the astringency of black tea. There is also bread Karachi, which is the favorite of Russians and also comes from western trade. Of course, there is one more thing that has to be mentioned here, and that is alcohol. Russian drinking culture also comes from Mongolia. Because the early Mongolian koumiss was not as high as the fine wine brewed in Europe, it was easy for revelers to get drunk after occupying some western cities. After more than 200 years of merger, these drunken genes have also been passed on to Russians. So in today's Russia, we can often see uncles passing by with wine bottles in their hands, and even some women have joined the ranks of alcoholics. Of course, it is not surprising to see this from the experience of Mongols in those days. It is believed that only in terms of food, at least 300 Russian words have been influenced by Mongolian-Turkic. Due to the existence of the Golden Horde, Russia has established a unified monetary and tax system, which has led to Mongolia's far-reaching economic and financial influence on Russia. Many Russian words, such as "тамоня" (customs) once came from Mongolian. They even adopted the Mongolian postal system. So from the above six dimensions, the relationship between Mongolia and Russia is really deep. At least in these 200 years, Mongolians have been transforming Russia and have been deeply burying this seed in the blood of Russians. Wen Wen Huo Yan this document 1. "Military Heritage" made a special topic about the Battle of Peipus Lake, the Holy Knight Temple and the Buddhist Knight Hospital lers (T. erry Gore, "Military Heritage", August 2005, Volume 7,No. 1, pp. 28-33), ISSN 1524-8666. 2.Basil Dmytryshyn, medieval Russia 900–1700. New york: Holt, Reinhart and Winston, 1973. 3. John France, the western war in the Crusader era. Ithaca, new york: Cornell University Press, 1999. 4. Ancient Ministry of Golden Account Khanate, Mongolian Empire, Encyclopedia Britannica