(1) Ba culture: Late Shang Dynasty and Western Zhou Dynasty, mainly in the upper reaches of Hanshui River; During the Spring and Autumn Period, the culture of Pakistan spread to the north of Daba Mountain in the south and Xiangyang in the east. At the beginning of the Warring States Period, Pakistan moved southward to the mainstream of the Yangtze River, and successively established its capital between Qingjiang River and Xia Chuan and Chongqing. These places have left many traces of Pakistani culture.
(2) Ba culture: including the indigenous Neolithic culture in Chongqing, East Sichuan, Three Gorges of the Yangtze River and Southwest Hubei, which is called early Ba culture in archaeology. From the Neolithic Age to the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, these cultures developed and evolved in the local area, which lasted for one or two thousand years.
(3) Ba culture in a complete sense: At the beginning of the Warring States period, Ba entered Chongqing and Sichuan, and bronze culture merged with local indigenous Neolithic culture, and Ba culture and Ba culture also merged. This has formed a complete sense of Ba culture. (1) Bayu Dance
"Bayu Dance" is a folk martial dance in ancient Bayu area. The oldest music creation recorded in China's ancient books originated from Barty. Bayu dance originated from the "dance before music" in the attack of Bashu in the late Shang Dynasty. Bayu dance features: vigorous dance style and powerful music, belonging to martial arts and war dance types. "Crossbow qi, spear for the beginning. Advance and retreat, eagle harrier, dragon fights and is weak ",and" retreat and fly. " Five harmonies, eight harmonies ",shows the thrilling artistic effect of Bayu Dance.
At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, Bayu Dance was moved into the palace by Liu Bang and became a court music and dance, which was not only for the palace to watch, but also for receiving distinguished envoys from various countries. It also became the ritual music and dance of the dynasty and the funeral music and dance of the emperor. At that time, Bayu Dance almost became a national music dance. In the Three Kingdoms period, Bayu Dance was renamed as "Zhaowu Dance" in Cao Wei and "Xuanwu Dance" in the Western Jin Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, Bayu Dance was still one of the court music dances. After the Tang Dynasty, Bayu Dance disappeared from the court music dance. Nevertheless, among the people, the legacy of Bayu Dance still exists. The tap dance, swing dance, waist drum dance and shield dance of Ba people's descendants in Chongqing are the changes of Cuban-Chongqing dance, and the existing gongs and drums, Hua Gutiao, lantern tune, lotus drop, chime of Sichuan opera, Chuanjiang bugle, boatman bugle, labor bugle and climbing hinge are all similar to Bayu dance.
② "Baqingxiang"
The ancient Ba people's wine was famous for its "Baqingxiang". The Water Classic Notes on the River records: "The river is also the tomb of Yufu County (now Fengjie) ... There is Ba Village on the left bank of the river, and the villagers are good at making wine, so it is commonly known as' Ba Qingxiang', and the county is famous for its wine." This wine is so precious and famous that when King Qin Zhao made a contract with Ben Ye Man, it was regarded as the first class. Sake takes a long time to brew, and Xia Dong is ripe in two seasons. The color is clear and the taste is heavy, which is the top grade of wine. Ba people are good at brewing sake, which shows that their brewing technology has reached a quite high level.
(3) the customs of Ba people
The Pakistani people are simple and dignified, and have always advocated courage. They live in a barn, people live upstairs, livestock are raised downstairs and they live by the water. After death, they are mostly buried in ship coffins, hanging coffins, hidden rocks, caves and pits. People are good at weaving, and every household can weave their own cloth, and the cloth needed for clothing can be self-sufficient. "Cloth" is linen woven by people. After the Qin dynasty destroyed Pakistan, the gunmen replaced the household tax with cloth, and the name of cloth spread to the sea.
(4) Ba myth
The natural myths of Ba people are: "Compare with Qi Fei", "Ba snakes swallow elephants" and "White Tiger Myth". The myth of Ba people's heroes includes: "Legend of Lin Jun". The goddess legends of Ba people include "Wushan Goddess" and "Salt Water Goddess".
According to archaeological excavations, the representatives of Ba culture also include Ba poetry, Ba symbols and bronze culture. Due to the large-scale "burning books to bury Confucianism" in the Qin Dynasty, coupled with war, famine and a long history, its historical materials gradually disappeared, and the Ba culture has been buried in the rolling history and merged into the folk culture of Dabashan people. The in-depth study of Ba culture needs to rely on new archaeological discoveries.