1 1. 10[ original]
Mencius said, "I want fish, and I want bear's paw. You can't have it both ways. You can take bear's paw instead of fish. " Life is as I wish, and righteousness is as I wish. You can't have it both ways, but you have to sacrifice your life for righteousness. Life is what I want. I want it more than the living, so I don't want it. Death is what I hate, and what I hate is more terrible than death, so I bear the pain I don't want. If people want nothing but life, then those who can live don't need life; Make people worse than the dead, then why not treat patients who can be cured! If you are right, you will be born without using it. If you are right, you can cure the disease without doing it. So you want more than the living, and you hate more than the dead. Not only wise men have a heart, but everyone has a heart, and sages should not lose their ears. A meal, a bowl of bean soup, if you get it, you will live, if you get it, you will die, and if you shout, people in the street will accept it; If you succeed, you despise beggars. 10,000 minutes to accept, no argument about propriety. What does ten thousand minutes do for me? Because of the beauty of the palace, the service of wives and concubines, the poor and the needy get me and 8! Hometown is free from physical death, and today is the beauty of the palace; Hometown is not subject to physical death, and now it is regarded as a wife and concubine; My hometown doesn't accept my death, but now I do it for the poor and the needy. Yes or no: this is called losing your heart. "
1 1. 10[ interpretation]
Mencius said, "Fish is what I want, and bear's paw is what I want. I can't have two things at the same time, so I choose to have bear's paw instead of fish. " Survival is what I want, justice is what I want. I can't have two things at the same time, so I give up my life and choose justice. Survival is really what I want to have, and what I want to have is more important than survival, so I don't do anything treacherous and disgraceful; I really hate death. What I hate is more terrible than death, so disaster is inevitable. If nothing people want is more important than survival, then what can be used for survival cannot be used; If nothing is more terrible than death, then nothing can avoid disaster! Therefore, they can live, but some people don't choose to save their lives, so they can escape the disaster, and some people don't choose to escape. So what you want is more important than living, and what you hate is more terrible than death. Not only excellent people have such a heart, but all people have such a heart, but excellent people can't let it go. A small basket of rice and a small bowl of soup, live if you get it, die if you don't get it, shout at him, and hungry passers-by won't accept it; Kick it to him, the beggar thinks it's not worth it. If you don't know whether the salary is in line with etiquette, you should accept it. Judging from the benefits you got, what did Wanzhong add to me? Do you appreciate the gorgeous palace where I live, my numerous wives and concubines, and the poor people I know? In the past, I would rather give my life than accept it for morality, but now I accept it for the beauty of life in the palace; In the past, I would rather give my life than accept it for morality, but now I accept it for the abundance of wives and concubines; Before, I would rather give my life for morality than accept it. Now I accept it for the gratitude of the poor people I know. Shouldn't it stop? It's called losing your heart. "
1 1. 10[ Remarks]
I want fish and bear's paw, but I can't have both. Give up the fish and take the bear's paw; Life is as I wish, and righteousness is as I wish. You can't have it both ways. Those who sacrifice their lives for righteousness also: fish is what I want, and bear's paw is what I want. You can't have these two things at the same time. Give up fish and choose bear's paw. Survival is what I want, justice is what I want. I can't have two things at the same time, so I give up my life and choose justice. I want fish, bear's paw, life, righteousness and separation. What you want, want, want. Adverb, also, also, really, also. These two things. Not available, not available. Both, as a verb, both. Here, choose. Live, live, live, live and save your life.
Life is what I want, and I want it more than the living, so I don't want it; I hate death, which is worse than death, so I have nothing to lose: life is really what I want, and what I want is more important than living, so I don't do anything treacherous and disgraceful; I really hate death. What I hate is more terrible than death, so disaster is inevitable. If you get it, you get it by improper means. Here, you mean to change your moral integrity and drag out an ignoble existence. Suffering, disaster is ahead. Monarch, use "taboo".
(3) If people want nothing but life, then why not use people who can live; If people are more terrible than the dead, why not treat the sick? If what people want is nothing more important than survival, then the means to survive can't be used. If nothing is more annoying than death, then what can avoid disaster cannot be used. If, if, if. The same is true of the following usage of "yes". Therefore, it should be placed between "human" and "desire" and "human" and "evil" respectively, and the independence of each phrase should be abolished. Mo, nothing. The living, the means of survival. Use, use, choose to use. Choose to do, choose to use.
(4) If you are right, you are born without asking for anything. If you are right, you can avoid trouble without doing anything: so you can live, but some people don't choose to save their lives, so you can avoid disasters. Some people don't choose to escape. Therefore, By is.
⑤ You want more than the living, and you hate more than the dead: so what you want is more important than living, and what you hate is worse than death. Yes, it should be reflected in its existence.
6 People who are not lonely have a heart, everyone has a heart, and sages can't lose their ears: not only excellent people have such hearts, but everyone has such hearts, but excellent people can't let them lose them. Not alone, not just. Lose.
All landowners live with a meal and a bean soup, die with a bean, and accept it when people in the street shout; Beggars disdain: a small basket of rice and a small bowl of soup, if you get it, you will live, if you can't get it, you will die, but hungry passers-by will not accept it; Kick it to him, the beggar thinks it's not worth it. Round bamboo baskets for rice in ancient times. Bean, an ancient vessel for holding meat or other food. Hull shouted. Xi Che, kick. Er, auxiliary words, here is equivalent to "the person" disdaining, feeling worthless, feeling cheap.
10,000 minutes to accept, do not dispute discretion. What does ten thousand minutes do to me? For the beauty of the palace, for the things of wives and concubines, and for those who know how to help the poor, I see. Do not distinguish whether it is in line with etiquette, you should accept it. Judging from the benefits you got, what did ten thousand minutes add to me? Do you appreciate me for the magnificent palace where you live, for the ample support of your wives and concubines, and for the poor people you know? Ten thousand minutes, generous salary. Clock, the name of ancient measuring instruments. Then ... and ... if ... then ... debate is the same as "debate". Yes, for. Yan also has a saying, so it is "profit from income." Serve and raise. As a verb, be grateful.
Pet-name ruby township for physical death and not for, today is the beauty palace; Hometown is not subject to physical death, and now it is regarded as a wife and concubine; I don't want to die in my hometown, but now I want to do it for the poor and those in need. This is called losing sincerity: I would rather give my life for morality than accept it, but now I accept it for the beauty of living in the palace; In the past, I would rather give my life than accept it for morality, but now I accept it for the abundance of wives and concubines; I would rather give my life than accept it for morality, but now I accept it for the gratitude of the poor people I know. Shouldn't it stop? It's called losing your heart. In the past, the words "justice" and "morality" were omitted after "for" in order to ... Township, the same as "township", past, past. Today, but now. Stop, stop, stop. The last "zhi" is placed between the subject-predicate phrase "this" and "saying that I have lost my original heart", which cancels the independence of this phrase. Here refers to "the homeland is not subject to physical death, and now it is the beauty of the palace; Hometown is not subject to physical death, and now it is regarded as a wife and concubine; My hometown is not subject to physical death. Now it is for those who are poor and lack me to do it. " This is original. Original.
1 1. 10[ interpretation and comments]
Why take bear's paw instead of fish? Because bear's paw is rarer and more valuable, which is caused by values. Why choose righteousness over life? Because righteousness is the pursuit of principles, the legitimate reason for things and the outlook on life. The choice of "sacrificing one's life for righteousness" is a kind of ideological realm, which shows the Confucian spirit of "gentleman".
The "sage" in "not only the sage has a heart, everyone has a heart, and the sage must not lose his ear" is an excellent person. The difference between him and others lies in "not losing his heart", that is, Do not forget your initiative mind, that is, not forgetting your initiative. However, in the real world, rulers who were originally "sages" often "lost their initial heart" and "won me with the beauty of the palace, the service of wives and concubines, and those who know the poor and help the poor", so Mencius earnestly warned "don't lose your initial heart" in the pursuit of ideals and beliefs. It should be said that this idea in Mencius is of far-reaching significance.
It is worth mentioning that Qi Xuanwang hired Mencius as Yaqing with a salary of 100,000 minutes, but did not give Mencius the right to pursue his own political views. Mencius resolutely resigned his salary and returned to his hometown. This state is described in this chapter.
After "hometown is", the content of "hometown is not subject to death" is omitted. "My hometown died for my own life" refers to something that was unacceptable to a certain "ism", a certain pursuit, or morality.
Punctuation in ancient books is a comprehensive and complicated work, which involves not only the "detailed interpretation" of each word, but also the logical thinking and syntactic thinking of classical Chinese. The following is the analysis of complex sentences in the whole chapter of this chapter, as well as the sentence analysis of individual single sentences, to tell readers why they should read such sentences.
There are nine complex sentences in this chapter, which are consistent with the notes. In order to explain clearly, number these nine complex sentences first.
"I want fish, I want bear's paw, and you can't have both; Life is as I wish, and righteousness is as I wish. You can't have both, and those who give up their lives for righteousness. " This is a multiple complex sentence, with a semicolon as the first weight and a coordinate relationship. In fact, the two parts juxtaposed here also use a special rhetorical method, that is, "simile". The semicolon is preceded by the vehicle and followed by the ontology. Just like "I want fish, I want bear's paw, and I can't have it both ways", so can those who take bear's paw instead of fish. "I'm dying, but I also want to have it both ways, and so can those who sacrifice their lives for righteousness."
The following is a further detailed analysis. Tied for the first time; The latter two are respectively turning points; There are four third weights, namely juxtaposition and causality. Please note that "I want what the fish wants and I want what the bear's paw wants" is a listed option. It's a choice of choice, a parallel relationship, not a choice relationship. Life is what I want, and righteousness is what I want.
I want fish and bear's paw. ||||| (turning point) You can't have your cake and eat it, and │|||| (causality) Those who give up the fish and take the bear's paw also; │ (tied) life is also my wish, │|| (tied) meaning is also my wish, ||| (turning point) You can't have your cake and eat it, │||| | (cause and effect) Those who sacrifice their lives for righteousness are also.
The following analysis "(2) Life is what I want. I want more than living, so I don't want it; Death is what I hate, and what I hate is worse than death, so I suffer from the complex sentence of "I don't like you." This is also a triple compound sentence. First, a semicolon is a boundary and a union of relations; There are two secondary, namely causality; There are two third weights, namely, the turning point relationship.
② Life is what I want, │|| (turning point) I want more than living, || (cause and effect) so I don't want it; │ (tied) death is also what I hate, │ || (turning point) is worse than death, || (cause and effect), so I have what I don't want.
The following analysis "(3) If people want nothing more than life, then why not use the living who can get it; If people are more evil than the dead, then who can cure the patients and why not do it? This is a double compound sentence. Tied for the first time; There are two secondary, that is, hypothetical relations.
(3) If people want nothing more than life, || (assuming) then why not use people who can live; │ (tied) makes people worse than the dead, || (assuming) Then why not treat the patients?
(4) Complex sentences with joint relations.
│ │ │ (tied) │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 947
⑤ It is also a compound sentence with joint relation.
│││││││││││││││││││││││││││││947
6 Not only wise men have a heart, but everyone has a heart, and sages should not lose their ears. The first is a turning point, and the second is a progressive relationship, which is a relationship of "not only … but also ……".
⑥ Not only a wise man has a heart, but everyone has a heart. │ (turning point) A wise man must not lose his ear.
"All landowners a food, a bean soup, if you get it, you will live, if you get it, you will die, and with it, the people in the street are blessed; This complex sentence is triple. The first is the turning point; The second is the coordinate relationship; There are also two third weights, that is, the hypothetical relationship.
⑦ If you get a meal of bean soup, you will be born, and if you get it, you will die. │ (turning point) call it, │|| (assuming) people in the street will receive it; |||| (and Liu) With it, │||| (assuming) beggars are dismissive.
Please note that "eat once, drink a bean soup, you will live if you get it, and you will die if you get it" is a simple sentence, "eat once, drink a bean soup" is the subject of the coordinate phrase, and "live if you get it, and die if you get it" is the predicate of the coordinate phrase.
A good meal and a bowl of bean soup, if you get it, you will live, if you get it, you will die.
"Ten thousand minutes to accept, don't argue. What's the use of 10 thousand minutes for me: for the beauty of the palace, for the affairs of wives and concubines, for those who know little, I have peace with them "is a double sentence." The first is to explain the relationship, and the second is to assume the relationship.
10,000 bells are closed without arguing. ||| (Hypothetically) What will ten thousand bells do to me? │ (explanation) is the beauty of the palace, the service of wives and concubines, and the love of those who know little.
"Pet-name ruby township for physical death without, today is the beauty of the palace; Hometown is not subject to physical death, and now it is regarded as a wife and concubine; I don't want to die in my hometown, and now I want to do it for poor households, so I can't do it: this is called losing my original heart. This is a complex sentence with causal inversion. "
Pet-name ruby township for physical death and not for, today is the beauty of the palace; Hometown is not subject to physical death, and now it is regarded as a wife and concubine; I don't want to die in my hometown, but now I want to do it for the poor and those in need. Yes or no: │ (Causality: Causality) This is called losing your sincerity.
"The homeland is not subject to physical death, and today it is the beauty of the palace; Hometown is not subject to physical death, and now it is regarded as a wife and concubine; I don't want to die in my hometown, but I want to do it for the poor and those in need. Yes or no, why is it a single sentence?
"The homeland is not subject to physical death, and today it is the beauty of the palace; Hometown is not subject to physical death, and now it is regarded as a wife and concubine; The compound word "I don't want to die in my hometown, but now I want to do it for the poor" and the pronoun "yes" form a compound word, with * * * as the subject and "I can't have it" as the predicate.
Hometown is free from physical death, and today is the beauty of the palace; Hometown is not subject to physical death, and now it is regarded as a wife and concubine; I don't want to die in my hometown, but now I want to do it for the poor and the needy, so I can't.
There are idioms in this chapter: "Give up one's life for righteousness" and "Eat bean soup".
(Unfortunately, some symbols cannot be displayed here. )
If you have any questions about the self-taught/adult-taught examination, don't know the contents of the test sites for self-taught/adult-taught examination, and don't know the local policies for self-taught/adult-taught examination, click on Mr. official website at the bottom to get the review materials for free: /xl/