Briefly describe the design principles of British arts and crafts movement and its influence on modern design.

Answer: (1) The "Arts and Crafts" movement is a design movement that originated in Britain19th century, and its cause is the decline of design level caused by the industrialized production of furniture, indoor products and buildings. The theoretical guidance of this movement is john ruskin, and the main figure of this movement is william morris. Together with artists such as Ford Brown, dante rossetti and philip webb, he formed an art group-Raphael School. They advocate returning to the tradition of the Middle Ages, aiming at creating honest art. The main means of implementation is to return to the handicraft tradition, oppose machine aesthetics, and advocate designing a few products for a few people. Their design mainly focuses on the design of jewelry, book binding, textiles, wallpaper, furniture and other supplies.

(2) Maurice, the representative of arts and crafts movement, summed up the following design principles according to his own design experience: excellent design is a high degree of unity of art and technology, the products designed by artists are much better than those purely from technology and machinery, artists can only realize their ideals by combining with craftsmen, and handmade products are always easier to be artistic than mechanical products. Under the influence and advocacy of Morris,1the upsurge of reviving handicrafts appeared in Britain in the late 9th century, and the "Arts and Crafts Association" established by 1888 became the climax of this movement, which was called "Arts and Crafts Movement" in the history of design.

(3) The style of British "Arts and Crafts" movement then began to influence other European countries and the United States, such as Charles MacIntosh, a designer in Glasgow, Scotland, and Wasser and Arthur MacMudo, British designers. In the United States, the "Arts and Crafts" movement mainly influenced the Chicago School of Architecture, especially the main figures of the school, louis sullivan and frank wright.

(4) By the end of 65438+2009 and the beginning of the 20th century, the "Arts and Crafts" movement had become a major factor affecting the design style, and its influence spread all over Europe, prompting another design movement in Europe-"Art Nouveau Movement". Although the movement style of "Arts and Crafts" lost its momentum in the 20th century, it still plays a very powerful role in exquisite and reasonable design and the intact preservation of handicrafts.

(5) The value of British arts and crafts movement lies in its forerunner and enlightenment to modern design movement. 1859 the arts and crafts movement first put forward the principle of "combining beauty with technology", advocating artists to engage in design and opposing "pure art". In addition, the design of arts and crafts movement emphasizes "learning from nature", being faithful to materials and adapting to the purpose of use, thus creating some simple and applicable works. The inherent limitation of arts and crafts movement is to push handicraft industry to the opposite side of industrialization, which is undoubtedly contrary to the trend of historical development, thus making British design take a detour, leading to Britain becoming the first industrialized country, realizing the importance of design, but failing to take the lead in establishing a modern industrial design system.