Introduction of scenic spots
West Lake, located in the west of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, is the main ornamental freshwater lake in China and the first batch of national key scenic spots. The West Lake is surrounded by mountains on three sides, with an area of 6.39 square kilometers, a width of 2.8 kilometers from east to west, a length of 3.2 kilometers from north to south, and a lake area of 15 kilometers. The lake is divided by Gushan, Bai Di, Su Causeway and Yang Gongdi. According to the size of the lake area, it can be divided into Waixi Lake, Xili Lake, Beili Lake, Hu Xiaonan Lake and Yuehu Lake. Su Causeway and Bai Causeway pass through the lake, and three artificial islands, Zhou Xiaoying, Hu Xinting and Ruan Gongdun, are located in Waixihu, Leifeng Pagoda and Baoshishan Protection Center in Zhao Xi. The basic pattern of "one mountain, two towers, three islands, three dikes and five lakes" is formed by the comparison of the two towers. 20 1 1 On June 24th, Hangzhou West Lake was included in the World Heritage List.
The origin of the name
West Lake was formerly known as Wulin Water. 055-79000: "Qiantang, Du is in the west. Wushan, from Wulin water, goes east to the sea and travels 800 miles. " Later, there were various names such as Qianshui Lake, Qiantang Lake, Ming Sheng Lake, Jinniu Lake, Hanshi Lake, Shang Hu Lake, Fangsheng Lake, Xizi Lake, Gaotu Lake, Xiling Lake, Longchuan Lake, Xiaojinguo Lake, Ren Mei Lake, Sage Lake and Yueming Lake, but only two were generally recognized and recorded in past dynasties. First, because the lake is west of Hang Cheng, it is named West Lake. The earliest name of "West Lake" appeared in Bai Juyi's poems "Geography of Hanshu" and "West Lake Night Return to Gushan Temple to Present Guests". After the Northern Song Dynasty, most famous poems were named after the West Lake, and the name of Qiantang Lake was gradually unknown. Su Shi's return to Hangzhou is the first time to use the name "West Lake" in official documents.
natural environment
The reasons for the formation of the West Lake are relatively simple in ancient books. "Begging for the West Lake in Hangzhou" in Ming Dynasty, Volume I: "The West Lake is surrounded by mountains on three sides, and there are more than 100 roads under the stream * yolanda, and the lake is well preserved." Modern scholars have made textual research on topography, geology, sedimentology and hydrodynamics. It is generally believed that the West Lake is a lagoon gradually evolved from a bay. 1920, Zhu Kezhen, a scientist, published the reasons for the formation of the West Lake in Hangzhou after investigating the topography of the West Lake. He said: "The West Lake was originally a small bay on the left bank of Qiantang River. Later, due to the sediment deposited in the Qiantang River, it slowly blocked the estuary and became a lagoon. " Zhu Kezhen also inferred from the sedimentation rate that the West Lake was formed 12000 years ago. Zhu believes that at the beginning of the formation of the West Lake, three mountain streams were gradually filled with sediment, and the lake surface gradually narrowed. If it hadn't been for generations of dredging, the West Lake would have been abandoned long ago. 1924 geologist Zhang published an interview with the West Lake, which supplemented Professor Zhu's view that the formation of the West Lake began with the formation of dams under the action of tidal force, and then the change of beaches maintained the lake surface. Both are important conditions for the formation of the West Lake.
However, lagoons are questioned in modern scientific investigations. After 1950, the geological department analyzed the three islands drilled in lakeside park, West Lake, and concluded that1500,000 years ago, at the end of Jurassic, there was a strong volcanic eruption around the present lakeside park, and a large number of volcanic rocks were accumulated at the bottom of Baoshishan and West Lake (mostly). The crater collapsed to form horseshoe-shaped low-lying water, which is the embryonic form of the West Lake. From 65438 to 0979, geologists analyzed the rock samples collected from the boreholes on the lakeshore for the study of micro-paleontology. According to different fossil assemblages, the formation process of the West Lake can be divided into three stages: early lagoon, middle bay and late lagoon. With the development of Qiantang River sand ridge, the West Lake is finally completely closed and the water body is gradually weakening. The formation of modern west lake.
The hills around the West Lake belong to Tianmu Mountain. According to the different lithology and mountain height, it can be divided into inner ring and outer ring. There are Beifeng, tianmashan, Tianzhu Mountain and Wuyun Mountain. The outside belongs to high hilly terrain. The mountain is mainly composed of Silurian, Devonian lithic sandstone and timely sandstone, with hard lithology and not easy to be weathered and eroded. The peaks and ridges are very beautiful. Streams crisscross and the water is clean. It is the area with the most springs in the West Lake. There are Feilai Peak, Nanfeng, Huang Yu, Phoenix Mountain and Wushan in the inner circle. The mountain is low and hilly. The mountain is syncline, mainly composed of Carboniferous and Permian limestone, which is easily eroded by water, forming karst caves such as rock salt, water mist, stone house, Zilai and Ziyun. In addition to the karst mountains, there are Jiaoling Mountain and Baoshi Mountain in the inner circle, which are composed of pyroclastic rocks and are about 100 meters above sea level.