Zhao Wei's interpretation of Guoyu is the earliest existing interpretation of Guoyu in the world. In the Interpretation of Mandarin, he also clearly explained his former annotator and the reasons and basis of the annotation: "Being disturbed by Qin is quiet and glorious. A summary of Jia Sheng and Shiqianpo. And Liu Guanglu was admitted to the early Han school, which is right or wrong. As for Zhang Di, Zheng Dasinong made a training note for him, and made a considerable analysis. As for fine crushing, it is somewhat lacking. Jia Jun, a retainer, used it and developed it. His invention, with a slight sense of justice, is already embarrassing, but it is sometimes forgotten in the literature. Therefore, between Jian 'an and Jian 'an, history will take care of it, and Shangshu will shoot Tang Jun in Danyang. They are all talented people and beautiful women. They are well-informed and have gains and losses, because Jia is the mainstay. Look at its meaning, I believe many good people, but what it explains is still different. It is a fool's heart to show his ignorance, rank his achievements and think about the right and wrong of things. Now all kinds of schools are in parallel, which is a right and wrong transaction. Although smart and knowledgeable people know where to go, they are still confused or unable to get rid of them for beginners. Don't expect, answer. Because of Jia Jun's nature, he adopted danger and Tang Zhi's belief in goodness, and supplemented his feelings. He took part in the Five Classics, passed it on and tested it, tested its flow with historical books, and taught it with Er Ya. He must keep the fact that everything is right. There are also many mistakes, which are annoying to describe. It is because of what I see from time to time that it is good to cut things. "His general situation has been described above.
Until the early Qing Dynasty, few people studied Mandarin. The A Qing period was the heyday of Pu Xue, and there were many people commenting on Guoyu in this period. Mainly include: Wang's Three Notes on Mandarin (Notes on Three Kings of Mandarin, Collation of Mandarin, Textual Research of Mandarin Version), Wang's Interpretation of Mandarin, Dong Zengling's Justice of Mandarin, etc.
Wang made a systematic and detailed study of Guoyu among the three collating texts. The source, style and basis of his book Three Languages Textbooks are clearly explained in their respective prefaces. I'll record it below for your reference.
Preface to Notes on Three Kings of Mandarin: "The three kings in the later Han Dynasty were Jia Junkui, Yu, Wu Shangshu and Tang. Wei Hongsi took three monarchs and participated in his own thinking, which became twenty-one volumes of Interpretation of Mandarin. During the reign of Emperor Gaozu Zhang, Zheng Dasi, a farmer, wrote chapters and sentences. The book was the latest, and the number of articles died for a long time. Wang Su, the leader of Zhong Wei, and Kong Chao, a doctor of the Five Classics in Jin Dynasty, also gave instructions on the chapters and sentences, which were published before Wei. Today, the distant sun is not ignorant, collecting old news. The third gentleman said there was something in the solution, but there was a record in the solution. Wang and Confucius also recorded it. In order to know Webster's solution, it is also beneficial to have enough information. " It's called Three Kings in Mandarin, and it's still Hongsi's book. "
"Mandarin, Fa Zheng Xu": Calling biography, sharing the same meaning with biography, summarizing the meaning and telling many stories. From the Han dynasty to the Jin dynasty, there was no loss. Only Webster's notes are preserved today. The notes all adopt the old adage, but they also refer to their own wishes. Seek truth from facts and stand out from the crowd. However, it is difficult to hide the infinity of learning, gains and losses, and defects, which can be used for textual research. If you go there, you have to be talented. If you are far away, you don't know what to do. You have studied for many years, searched for old news, learned common expressions, and accepted everything you can understand. If you have questions, you must participate. Those who correct mistakes refute, those who lack righteousness make up, and those who are unclear explain in detail. There are three examples cited. According to the biography, it is a volume, and it is a "Fa Zheng": 21 volumes, so it is doubtful, just like. "
A Textual Research on Ming Dow Edition of Mandarin; The Old Title of Mandarin is a natural version, born with a Song Renzong title; Ming Dow, Renzong changed to Yuan. At the end of the volume, it says,' It was printed on July 20th, the seventh year of Tiansheng, and the authentic version was printed on April 5th, the second year of Ming Dow'. The following year, Ming Dow reprinted the printed version of Born. Xu Zonglu and Li Jing of Ming Dynasty reprinted the preface of Song Dynasty, which was popular in modern times. The two books have their own advantages and disadvantages, and then judge whether there is any difference. At this moment, Ming Dow's book was printed with big characters, while the security book was supplemented with small characters. Different texts quoted in other books and different characters distinguished by different schools have also been carefully selected and adopted. Those who read "Mandarin" know their differences but don't know them. "
In May, 2005, Wang Hui Hall published three notes on Mandarin: Notes on Three Series of Mandarin, Collation of Mandarin and Textual Research on Ming Dow Mandarin. Among them, the method of Mandarin is being supplemented by Jing Qingjie by Wang Xianqian, and Textual Research on Mandarin in Ming Dow is included in Four Notes, which are listed after the second edition of Mandarin in Huang Pilie in Ming Dow and Notes on Interpreting Mandarin in ben Webster, Ming Dow.
Chen Xun's Interpretation of Guoyu Wing mainly collects relevant documents to supplement Zhao Wei's interpretation of Guoyu. From its name, it can be known that its work is the purpose of the book, wing, helping, helping and helping. Guangya bookstore series and series integration first edition have income.
Dong Zengling's preface to Justice in Mandarin reads: "Song Gong's preface and Tian Sheng's two books are parallel, similar to those engraved by Confucius in Qufu. Today, the strengths of the two schools are combined, and nine times out of ten people who use tonics are that one. ..... There are seven schools of Han, Jia Kui, Wei, Wu, Tang Gu, Jin, and only one is left today. ..... Today, apart from explaining Wei Xie, I also help the old-timers in Xú Zhēng to prepare for the future debate. For example, guiding water to its source, not falling leaves to its roots. Wei disintegrated, advocating simplicity and cleanliness, and he kept missing many things. Historians, Textual Research Scholars, Justice, Ying Shao, Ruchun, Jin Zhuo, Surin, Yan Shigu, etc. , as well as the prince Zhang Huai's Notes on the History of Han Dynasty, all use Mandarin with the words of Banma, each with its own merits. Either it is different from Wei Xie, or it is consistent with Wei Xie. The same person can help him prove that different people should understand his purpose. And take the two to accept the ancient meaning. The drums are different, but they are all pleasing to the ear; Tea and fire have different colors, but they are both beautiful. As for Guo Yi Waterway, it is mainly based on Hanshu Geography and Xu Jun County Annals, with reference to Water Mirror Annotation, Yuanhe County Annals and Du Fu's General Code. I know the names of states and counties. As far as the system of wearing clothes for palace vessels is concerned, Kong Jia has all kinds of trivial matters, so I will only pick them up briefly and not repeat them. "
Those just people seldom pay attention to it. Almost because of the example of "not breaking notes", although the length of "Mandarin Justice" is not small, there are not many inventions. Wu Zengqi said in the preface of "Revision of Mandarin": "However, books written by Dong Shi often quote old classics, while those whose meanings are difficult to understand suddenly fall behind. Seemingly rich and practical, seemingly fine and practical. " This judgment should be said to be quite fair. Dong Zengling's Chinese Language Justice has a printed version of Zhang Xuntang in Guangxu of Qing Dynasty, which was published and photocopied by Bashu Bookstore on 1985.
In addition, the Qing Dynasty also did a lot of compilation work on Guoyu: Wang Renjun's Lost Classics has a volume of Lost Guoyu; Wang Mo's Notes on the Han and Wei Dynasties, Lao Ge's Notes on the Moon River, Huang Ying's Han Xuetang Series, Huang Yi's Textual Research, Ma Guohan's Notes on Han Yushan's Houses, Jiang Gangshi's Notes on Jiang and Wang Renjun's Books on Han Yushan's Houses. These compilations are self-evident.
In the late Qing Dynasty, Wu Zengqi was a collator of Guoyu, and he wrote a book, Collation of Guoyu Ye Wei. He said in the preface to the revision of Wei Jie's Mandarin: "The book Mandarin is sometimes omitted, but it is rare. Only King Gaoyou gets more. It was he who chose the combination of his words and compiled them. It has its shortcomings, so take your worries as an extra benefit. The years are long and the ink is full. Because it is compiled into a series, it is called "Weijie Mandarin Edition". Those who make up for it are unprepared; The right person is just that he is not safe. Being prepared and safe is the end of this book. " His books also have occasional achievements, which are beneficial to people who read Mandarin. The book was first published by the Commercial Press in Xuantongyuan, Qing Dynasty. During the Republic of China, the Commercial Press published many times.
Later, Shen Rong made detailed comments on Guoyu, but kept the text of Guoyu, and extracted some important words and phrases for a little explanation, which was a heavy note rather than a supplementary note. Because there are not many inventions, few descendants cite them. His book was printed and published by Civilization Publishing House in five years, and published by Civilization Publishing House in twenty-four years.
In addition, Jin Qiyuan's My Humble Opinion on Reading Putonghua (Commercial Press, 1957 edition) is also fruitful from time to time.
Zhang Yiren, a scholar in Taiwan Province, wrote a book "Guoyu Certificate", which contains related sentences with different languages and doubtful meanings. He collated these books with Tian Shengming's Daoben, Daoben, Bu Yin and Dong Zengling's The Justice of Chinese Language, and referred to Huang Pilie's annotation and Wang's textual research. He has made great achievements in Putonghua. This book is published by Taiwan Province Commercial Press 1969.
In the collation of Guoyu, Xu Yuan wrote the latest Collection of Guoyu in the world. Under his command, Wang, Liu Taigong, Huang Pilie, Wang, Dong Zengling, Wu Zengqi, Shen Rong, etc. were able to win the opinions of various families and were sentenced to "imprisonment". However, Mr. Wang Shumin commented pertinently in the preface to the collation of Mandarin: "Although the compilation method of Mandarin is good, its compilation work is very rough, which has become the biggest defect of his book. "His book 1930 was published by Zhonghua Book Company. In 2002, Zhonghua Book Company published Mandarin Collection, which was collated by Mr. Wang Shumin and Mr. Shen Changyun. After each volume, there are some proofreading notes made by proofreaders, which make up for the mistakes caused by careless compilation of Xu Yuan's Notes on Mandarin to the greatest extent. In the 2006 revision, an index of geographical names was attached.
The Institute of Ancient Books Collation of Shanghai Normal University collated Guoyu, which was based on the four editions of Guoyu, participated in the proofreading of four series, absorbed some previous collations and added a few notes, and was published by Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House 1978, and then revised many times. This is the most accessible book at present, and it is very convenient to read. Ye Lin's Translation and Interpretation of Mandarin Vernacular (selected translation), Fu Gengsheng Dada Bookstore 1935, Qin Tongpei's annotation, and Song Jingru's Updated Cantonese Translation Essentials (selected translation), the first edition failed to pass the world bookstore inspection, and the new edition is in Selected Translation of Mandarin (1943), People's Literature Publishing House (660 This book has a great influence, and the shadow of Guoyu Xuan can often be seen in later translations of Guoyu.
Selected translations of Guoyu by Gao Zhenduo and Liu Ganxian, the authoritative school-based edition of Guoyu by Bashu Bookstore 1990, published by Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House 1978, and the school-based edition of Shanghai Normal University's ancient books collation. Later translated and annotated versions of Putonghua were based on it.
Interpretation of Mandarin by Xue Anqin and Wang Liansheng, Jilin Literature and History Publishing House 199 1, Interpretation of Mandarin by Dong, Baihuazhou Literature and Art Publishing House 1992, Interpretation of Mandarin by Wu and Hu Guowen, Jinan University Press1. Yuelu Bookstore 1994 translated in Yellow Mandarin, Guizhou People's Publishing House 1995, with large circulation and wide influence.
Qin Feng translated Notes on Mandarin, Jiangxi University Press 1998 Zhao He's Vernacular Mandarin, Sanqin Press 1998's Direct Interpretation of Mandarin, Fudan University Press Bao Sitao's Proofreading Mandarin in 2000, Qilu Bookstore Cao Jianguo's Notes on Mandarin in 2005, Henan University Press.