(1) county system. (2 points) is an important link in the formation of centralized system, and it is also an important symbol that bureaucratic politics replaces aristocratic politics. (2 points)
(2) Promulgating "Book Burning Order" (or "Burning Books to Pit Confucians") and "Holding Calligraphy". (2 points)
(3) ancient scholars; Supervise the history of the empire; Secretariat system. (4 points)
(4) the "one-to-one" system; "China and South Korea" (or "Inner Korea") (4 points)
(5) provincial system (2 points)
(6) the imperial power is strengthened and the relative power is weakened; Central power is strengthened and local power is weakened. (4 points)
Test analysis:
(1) This topic examines the local administrative system of the Qin Dynasty. After the reunification of Qin Shihuang, the enfeoffment system was abolished locally and the county system was implemented. The governors of counties and counties were directly appointed and removed by the emperor, which greatly strengthened the central government's control over the localities.
(2) In order to strengthen ideological control, Qin Shihuang adopted Lisi's suggestion and issued a "book burning order" to burn all the books contending except legalists, which harmed more than 400 Confucian scholars. These measures stifled ideas and destroyed culture.
(3) The Qin Dynasty set up official positions in the central government, such as prime minister, censor and Qiu. Among them, the censor is in charge of ministers' memorials and is responsible for supervising officials. There is a local inspector who supervises local officials. The position of secretariat was established in the Western Han Dynasty. "Pricking" means checking and asking questions. At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, Emperor Wen neglected his duty by remonstrating, and ordered the Prime Minister to send other personnel to stab him to death all over the country, which was not common. In the fifth year of Han Yuanfeng (before 106), the secretariat toured counties and counties, divided into thirteen departments (states), each with a secretariat, later called secretariat, whose main responsibility was to supervise local officials.
(4) The military and political decisions of the Qin Dynasty were generally discussed by the Prime Minister, the Imperial Adviser and Zhu Qing. In order to strengthen the imperial power in the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the attendants and secretaries around him were reused, and they served as ministers and ministers to participate in military affairs, weakening the relative rights and forming the system of "Chinese and foreign dynasties".
(5) Yuan Shizu Kublai Khan carried out the provincial system in local areas. There is a book province in China in the center and a book province in China in the local area. The provincial system is convenient for the central government to manage local governments, strengthen centralization and consolidate the unity of multi-ethnic countries. Its establishment is a major change in the ancient local administrative system in China and the beginning of the provincial system in China.
(6) During the evolution of China's ancient feudal autocratic centralization, there were mainly two pairs of contradictions: the contradiction between imperial power and relative power, and the contradiction between the central and local governments. Its evolution trend is: the power of prime minister is decreasing and the imperial power is strengthening; Local power has been continuously reduced, and the power of the central government has been continuously strengthened.
Comments: The topic of ancient political civilization in China is the focus of the college entrance examination. Taking the development and evolution of ancient centralization as the main line, it involves the feudal system and patriarchal clan system, the establishment of the Qin emperor system and the implementation of the county system, the characteristics of the evolution of the political system from Han Dynasty to Yuan Dynasty, the abolition of the prime minister in Ming Dynasty, the establishment of the cabinet and the Ministry of War in Qing Dynasty, and the evolution of the central official system and the local administrative system. From the perspective of proposition, focusing on the background, characteristics and influence of historical events in the development and evolution of ancient political system, and connecting with the reform of government institutions, promoting democratization and the process of world history is the main way of college entrance examination proposition.