"Like Classics, People in the Four Seas" contains: "Losing, being fat, and being connected." Therefore, acupoints are also called lost acupoints and Shu acupoints, as well as acupoints, acupoints or meridians. According to the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine, human acupoints have three main functions, which are not only the place where the qi of meridians is injected into the body surface, but also the place where diseases are reflected on the body surface, and the place where acupuncture, massage, qigong and other therapies are carried out. Acupoints have magical effects of "quick pressing" and "quick exorcism". However, what is the essence of acupoints? Is it really a special structure of the human body? For a long time, people have speculated about this and can't agree.
Many people explore the essence of acupoints from their electrical characteristics. 1950, Nakatani, Japan used 12 volt direct current to pass through human skin, and it was found that there were some "good conduction points" with particularly high conductivity on the skin, and their positions coincided with those of acupoints. Shortly thereafter, the famous French acupuncturist Nieboyat, with the help of his assistant, confirmed this phenomenon by measuring the skin resistance, and determined that the acupoint resistance was only half of the skin resistance around him. The measurement of the corpse also got the same result. At the end of 1950s, Chinese scholars' research on acupoint electrophysiology also basically affirmed that acupoints have the characteristics of low resistance and high potential. However, it is speculated that the total area of acupuncture points in the whole body only accounts for four ten thousandths of the body surface, but there are many parts of body surface resistance, far from being limited to acupuncture points. Moreover, physiological activities such as eating, sleeping and exercising, changes in external environment such as time sequence, season and temperature, and fine mental state will all affect the skin resistance value. No wonder the researchers of Shanghai Institute of Hypertension lamented that it is quite difficult to determine acupoints in this way. It took Frenchman De La Foye five years to measure acupoints by this method, but the result was quite different from that of China, so it had to come to an abrupt end.
Some people compare and analyze ancient acupoint theory with modern medical theory, trying to explain it with new theories and concepts. For example, when electric current stimulates the skin, the stimulated muscles contract. The part of the body surface that is stimulated by the weakest current and produces the largest muscle contraction is called the movement point. American scholar Jin Lin proposed that the distribution of exercise acupoints is almost the same as that of traditional acupoints. Japan's soldier head justice and Frost and others in the United States compare acupuncture points with trigger points. The trigger point is considered as a local intersection in the body muscle tissue, which has the characteristics of deep tissue sensitivity, nodules and radiation pain. Although its mechanism is not clear, it is generally believed that it is caused by muscle spasm, endocrine disorder or muscle tension caused by pain or other reasons. When acupuncture points, muscle fibers and nerve fibers in local tissues will be damaged due to the mutual friction between tissues and the interaction between metal needles and tissue dielectrics. In addition, the distribution of the two is similar. Therefore, they think that some characteristics of acupoints are very similar to trigger points. Some people even think that they are just synonyms. It has also been reported that acupoints are closely related to poor acupoints and skin activity points. These multi-channel studies reflect the characteristics of acupoints from the side, which is undoubtedly of certain reference value for exploring the mysteries of acupoints.
Others focus on the morphological structure of acupoints, hoping to uncover the mystery of acupoints in one fell swoop. Experts from Shanghai First Medical College dissected and observed 324 acupoints on the corpse, and found that 99.6% of the acupoints were related to nerves. They further found that the nerve distribution of meridian points and related organs often belong to the same spinal cord segment, and the meridian points on the exterior and interior also belong to the same spinal cord segment. Japanese scholar Sen Hidetaro proved that there are about 100 acupoints in the whole body, which go deep into the nerve bundle. Acupoints are also related to the receptors at the end of the peripheral process of sensory ganglion cells, such as muscle spindle, nerve tendon spindle, tactile corpuscles and annular corpuscles. From the genetic point of view, epidermis and nerve tissue are homologous. There are projection points of skin area and internal organs in the nerve center. Therefore, there may be a correlation between acupoints and embryo morphology. However, some studies have come to the opposite conclusion: nerve fibers are distributed in acupoint and non-acupoint tissues, and there is no obvious difference between them in histology. As for the difference between nerve tissue under acupoints and non-acupoints, it is still unclear. It has also been reported that acupoints are closely related to blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. By using infrared thermal imaging, Kazuo Nishijo observed that the skin temperature of acupoints in the chest and abdomen was 0.5 to 1℃ higher than that of the surrounding skin, which he thought was due to the existence of blood vessels under acupoints. According to anatomical data, many acupoints do cover subcutaneous veins or deep blood vessels.
Acupoint researchers believe that human acupoints are complex and comprehensive structures and functions closely related to nervous system, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, muscles and other tissues. Their respective functions are: standard positioning in the temple, between the eyebrows and the corners of the eyes, about one horizontal finger backwards.
The acupoints are located in the sitting or lateral position, at the temple, between the brow tip and the corner of the eye, about one finger backward.
There are skin, subcutaneous tissue, orbicularis oculi muscle, temporal fascia and temporal muscle under acupoint anatomy. There are branches or branches of zygomatic nerve, zygomatic facial nerve, temporal zygomatic branch of facial nerve, temporal nerve of mandibular nerve and superficial temporal artery and vein.
Temples are important acupoints on the human head, and rubbing this acupoint is listed as "rejuvenation method" in the secret recipe of Buddhism. People think that this method can keep the brain young and rejuvenate. When people use their brains continuously for a long time, their temples often feel heavy or painful, which is a signal of brain fatigue. At this time, the effect of massage will be very significant. Temples are called "strange points outside meridians" in the study of meridians in traditional Chinese medicine, and they are also one of the "dead points" that were first listed as key parts by various martial arts boxing scores. It is recorded in Shaolin Boxing that once the temple is clicked, "it will faint lightly, but it will be fatal". Modern medicine has proved that hitting the temple can cause death or concussion, making people unconscious.
The position of the temple is the intersection of parietal bone, zygomatic bone, sphenoid bone and temporal bone, which is called "pterygoid point" or "pterygoid suture". This is the thinnest bone plate of the skull and the weakest part of the bone. The skull is a hard bone plate that protects the brain. The thickness of skull bone plate varies from place to place, the average thickness is 5 mm, and the thickest part is 1 cm. The thickness of the bone plate at the temple is only 1-2 mm, which is the weakest part of the skull. When it is hit or squeezed, it is easy to form a fracture. Fracture will directly affect the function of the brain.
Function: Clearing liver, improving eyesight, dredging collaterals and relieving pain.
Indication disorder
1, migraine, neurovascular headache, trigeminal neuralgia.
2, redness, optic atrophy, etc.
Acupuncture and moxibustion can use straight or oblique needling for 0.3-0.5 inch, or triangular needling for bloodletting. Standard moxibustion can be located at the temple, between the brow tip and the outer canthus of the eye, with a horizontal finger backward.
The acupoints are located in the sitting or lateral position, at the temple, between the brow tip and the corner of the eye, about one finger backward.
There are skin, subcutaneous tissue, orbicularis oculi muscle, temporal fascia and temporal muscle under acupoint anatomy. There are branches or branches of zygomatic nerve, zygomatic facial nerve, temporal zygomatic branch of facial nerve, temporal nerve of mandibular nerve and superficial temporal artery and vein.
Temples are important acupoints on the human head, and rubbing this acupoint is listed as "rejuvenation method" in the secret recipe of Buddhism. People think that this method can keep the brain young and rejuvenate. When people use their brains continuously for a long time, their temples often feel heavy or painful, which is a signal of brain fatigue. At this time, the effect of massage will be very significant. Temples are called "strange points outside meridians" in the study of meridians in traditional Chinese medicine, and they are also one of the "dead points" that were first listed as key parts by various martial arts boxing scores. It is recorded in Shaolin Boxing that once the temple is clicked, "it will faint lightly, but it will be fatal". Modern medicine has proved that hitting the temple can cause death or concussion, making people unconscious.
The position of the temple is the intersection of parietal bone, zygomatic bone, sphenoid bone and temporal bone, which is called "pterygoid point" or "pterygoid suture". This is the thinnest bone plate of the skull and the weakest part of the bone. The skull is a hard bone plate that protects the brain. The thickness of skull bone plate varies from place to place, the average thickness is 5 mm, and the thickest part is 1 cm. The thickness of the bone plate at the temple is only 1-2 mm, which is the weakest part of the skull. When it is hit or squeezed, it is easy to form a fracture. Fracture will directly affect the function of the brain.
Function: Clearing liver, improving eyesight, dredging collaterals and relieving pain.
Indication disorder
1, migraine, neurovascular headache, trigeminal neuralgia.
2, redness, optic atrophy, etc.
The acupuncture method is direct or oblique needling 0.3-0.5 inch, or pricking bleeding with three ridges. The moxibustion mark can be located in the mouth and at the midpoint of the sublingual frenum.
When sitting, take acupoints, open your mouth, roll your tongue back, and take acupoints at the midpoint of sublingual frenum.
There are lingual mucosa, submucosal tissue and lingual muscle under acupoint anatomy. Branches of lingual nerve, hypoglossal nerve, nerve fibers of chorda tympani of facial nerve, lingual artery, deep lingual artery and deep lingual vein of mandibular nerve are distributed.
Functions: eliminating pathogenic factors, inducing resuscitation, promoting fluid production and quenching thirst.
Indications: 1, slow tongue coating, heavy tongue swelling and laryngeal closure.
2, vomiting, hiccups, diarrhea, thirst.
Acupuncture is to puncture bleeding with a thin triangular needle. [Standard Positioning] Above the auricle, the tip above the auricle when the ear is folded forward.
[Acupoint selection] Sit straight or lie on your side, above the auricle, and the tip above the auricle when the ear is folded forward.
[Acupoint anatomy] There are skin, subcutaneous tissue and auricular cartilage under acupoints. Anterior auricular branch with superficial temporal depression and vein, posterior auricular branch of posterior auricular artery and vein, anterior auricular branch of ototemporal nerve, posterior auricular branch of occipital nerve and facial nerve.
【 Function 】 Clearing away heat and expelling wind, relieving spasm and relieving pain.
Indications: (1) sty, (2) eyelid granuloma, (3) eye burn, (4) acute conjunctivitis, (5) cellulitis, (6) acute lumbar sprain, (7) intractable insomnia, (8) cold sores and (9) mumps.
[Acupuncture] Punch 0.3-0.5 inch, or puncture bleeding with triangular needle. You can moxibustion.
Function of auricular points
1. Ear points have the functions of calming nerves, clearing away heat and toxic materials, purging fire, clearing brain and improving eyesight, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, relieving swelling and pain, cooling blood and relieving itching, resisting allergy, inflammation and infection.
Auricular point stimulation
(1) pricking blood therapy: pricking blood at auricular points is commonly used to treat diseases, adjust the function of viscera, and achieve the purpose of eliminating chloasma, acne and scar marks. Because of its simple method, less injury and bleeding, good curative effect and wide indications, it is easy for beauticians to use.
1. Operation method: ① Massage the auricle to make it congested and disinfect the auricle skin routinely; ② The thumb and forefinger of the left hand fixed the tip of auricle, and the thumb, forefinger and middle finger of the right hand held the sterilized triangular needle and aimed it at the tip of auricle to quickly and accurately penetrate about 2 mm deep; ③ The thumb and forefinger of both hands press around the eye of the needle from bottom to top on the auricle. Bleed 3-5 drops of blood according to the customer's physical condition, and sucked out the blood with sterilized dry cotton balls. Still bleeding, use sterilized dry cotton balls to stop bleeding for a while without dressing, and then heal itself; (4) Alternate binaural treatment, bleeding every other day or 3-5 days according to the severity of the customer's facial skin problems.
2. Precautions: ① Acupuncture bloodletting operation should be skilled, and acupuncture should not be too deep, so as to avoid excessive injury and aggravated pain; ② The amount of bleeding is appropriate and should not be too small, generally 3-5 drops, and 5- 10 drops for patients with obvious plaque or pustular acne; ③ This method is not suitable for various hemorrhagic diseases, such as hemophilia and primary thrombocytopenia. ④ Pay attention to aseptic operation to avoid skin infection.
Mechanism discussion
In China, auricular points have been used to treat diseases for a long time. The application of bloodletting at auricular points to treat skin problems is based on the functional characteristics of auricular points, and also conforms to the principle of "pricking collaterals" therapy in ancient China.
1. Meridian conduction: Ears are inextricably linked with human meridians. As early as Neijing's Lingshu Zangfu Disease Syndrome, there was "the twelve meridians, 365 Dao, whose qi and blood were all in the exterior, which was a virtual head ... He was not angry, but listened". It shows that the communication between the ear and the whole body is closely related, and the meridians are interrelated, so the organs and tissues of the whole body are related to the corresponding parts of the auricle. The theory of biological holography further illustrates this problem. Acupuncture and bloodletting have the function of eliminating pathogenic factors, while acupuncture at auricular points can stimulate the qi of meridians, and achieve the functions of strengthening the body resistance and eliminating pathogenic factors, dredging qi and blood, harmonizing yin and yang, dredging meridians and regulating qi and blood, thus exerting the defense function of qi of meridians, preventing diseases and whitening skin.
2. Nerve feedback function: From the perspective of modern medical neuroanatomy, the nerve distribution of auricle is extremely rich. In addition to the greater auricular nerve and lesser occipital nerve from the body surface, there are mixed branches of trigeminal nerve, facial nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve and vagus nerve from the cranial nerve, as well as sympathetic nerve fibers distributed on the wall of auricular blood vessels. The branches of these nerves overlap or coincide with each other, and some are interwoven into a network or form a nerve plexus. Auricular point is located at the top of helix, where there are branches of ototemporal nerve, vagus nerve and glossopharyngeal nerve. After acupuncture at the tip of the ear, it stimulates the local intersecting nerves and blood vessels, stimulates the regulation of nerves, makes them feed back to related lesions, regulates endocrine, improves local blood circulation, and promotes the absorption of inflammation, so as to restore the body, fade spots and eliminate acne and its scars.
763 cases of infantile mumps, acute tonsillitis, acute conjunctivitis, submandibular adenitis and persistent cold and fever were treated with light moxibustion at auricular points, and good results were achieved. Operation method: Take a section of Juncus Juncus, dip it in a little sesame oil, light it, aim it at bilateral or unilateral ear points for moxibustion, and hear the sound of "pa". If it doesn't ring, the effect is not good, l times a day. The treatment results showed that parotitis was cured (1-2 times after fire moxibustion, 1-3 days later, the body temperature dropped to normal, the swelling and pain around the earlobe subsided obviously, and the symptoms disappeared) 64 1. Effective (the body temperature dropped after fire moxibustion, but it was still higher than normal, and the swelling and pain around the earlobe were relieved) in 9 cases. 2 cases were ineffective (the body temperature did not drop after fire moxibustion, and the swelling and pain around the earlobe did not disappear).